The original of cell systems - or their 1G arrangement named by the up and coming age of compasses presented - was propelled by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Tokyo in 1979. In 1984, NTT had propelled 1G to be open to the entirety of Japan.
In 1983, the US propelled the main 1G activity and DynaTAC. Motorola got one of the main 'cell' phones utilized in the United States. Different nations like Canada and the UK propelled their own 1G arrange a couple of years after the fact.
Nonetheless, 1G innovation expands the quantity of shortcomings. Poor inclusion and low solid quality. There is no wandering help between different administrators and, on account of various frameworks on various recurrence ranges, there is no similarity between frameworks. More regrettable than every one of that, calls can't be scrambled, so anybody utilizing a radio scanner can get calls.
At an expense of $ 2,995 ($ 9,660 for every cash today), DynaTAC still figured out how to gather 20 million worldwide clients that thrived in 1990. There is no turning around; Success 1G. Get 2G.
Allows voice calls in 1 country
Offered very low level of spectrum efficiency
Second Generation (2G), 2G refers to the second generation based on GSM and was emerged in late 1980s. It uses digital signals for voice transmission. Main focus of this technology was on digital signals and provides services to deliver text and picture message at low speed (in kbps).
It use the bandwidth of 30 to 200 KHz. Next to 2G, 2.5G system uses packet switched and circuit switched domain and provide data
rate up to 144 kbps. e.g. GPRS, CDMA and EDGE.
The strength of 2G and 2.5G are :
Key diffrentation with other technology Secure, Mass adoption
Second generation, 2G:
• Data speed was upto 64kbps
• Use digital signals
• Enables services such as text messages, picture messages and MMS(Multimedia message)
• Provides better quality and capacity
• Unable to handle complex data such as videos.
• Required strong digital signals to help mobile phones work. If there is no network coverage in any
specific area, digital signals would weak.
2.5 G :
The GSM technology was continuously improved to provide better services which led to
development of advanced Technology between 2g and 3g
• Provides phone calls
• Send/receive e-mail messages
• Web browsing
• Speed : 64-144 kbps
• Camera phones
• Take a time of 6-9 mins. to download a 3 mins. MP3 song
weakness of 2G and 2.5G:
• limited data services.
• difficult to support demand for internet and email
Third generation: digital, high speed (high-speed), for broadband (broadband). Example: W-CDMA (also known as UMTS) and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO. 3G is a breakthrough in the delivery of data packages that enable various network applications to be implemented. In other words, 3G brings an evolutionary change in the speed of data transfer.
Between 2001 and 2003, EVDO Rev 0 on CDMA2000 and UMTS on the first GSM which was the forerunner to the third generation (3G) was introduced.
After entering Indonesia, 3G became the target of telecommunications companies. After going through auctions by the Directorate General of Post and Telecommunications, 3 cellular companies were selected to have licenses to develop 3G in Indonesia, including:
The International Telecommunication Union defines 3G as a technology that can work as follows:
1. Has a data transfer speed of 144 kbps at a user speed of 100 km / hour.
2. Has a data transfer speed of 384 kbps at walking speed.
3. Has a data transfer rate of 2 Mbps on stationary users
The IMT-2000 standard applies 2 types of evolution to 3G, namely:
1. From 2G CDMA standard IS-95 (cdmaOne) to IMT-SC (cdma2000).
2. From 2G TDMA standard (GSM / IS-136) to IMT-SC (EDGE).
This is the IMT-2000 standard which requires new spectrum allocation, for example IMT-DS (W-CDMA) because the required channels are quite wide (5 MHz), and TMT-TC (TD-SCDMA / UTRA TDD) plus IMT- FT (DECT) because it requires a TDD frequency.
Frequencies used by 3G technology, namely:
1. Frequency of reception (downlink) 1920-1980 MHz.
2. Frequency of delivery (uplink) 2110-2170 MHz.
Which includes 3G technology, namely:
EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for Global/GSM Evolution) atau E-GPRS (Enhanced -General Packet Radio Services).
W-CDMA (Wideband – Coded Division Multiple Access) atau UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System).
CDMA2000-1X EV/DV (Evolution/Data/Voice) dan CDMA2000-1X EV-DO (Data Only)/ (Data Optimized) atau IS-856.
TD-CDMA (Time Division Code Division Multiple Access) atau UMTS-TDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System – Time Division Duplexing)
GAN (Generic Access Network) atau UMA (Unlicensed Mobile Access)
HSPA (High-Speed Packet Access)
HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access)
HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access)
FOMA (Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access)
HSOPA (High Speed OFDM Packet Access)
TD-SCDMA (Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access)
The advantages of 3G from previous generations:
3. Data speeds of up to 2 Mbps for local / Indoor / slow-moving access and 384 kbps for wide area access.
4. Support multiple connections simultaneously, for example, users can browse the internet together by passing a call (telephone) to a different destination.
5. Shared infrastructure can support multiple operators in the same location. Interconnection to other mobile and fixed users.
6. National and international roaming.
7. Can handle packet-and circuit-switched services including internet (IP) and videoconferencing. Also high data rate communication services and asymetric data transmission.
8. Good spectrum efficiency, so it can use a maximum of limited bandwidth.
9. Support for multiple cell layers.
10. Co-existance and interconnection with satellite-based services.
11. The new billing mechanism depends on the volume of data, service quality and time.
Weaknesses of 3G Technology
Requires "Ideal" Power Control and insufficient transfer speed data in serving multimedia services that require speed qualified
This 3.5G technology allows users to download a variety of multimedia offerings, such as video streaming, music streaming, mobile TV, online games, movie footage, animation, video clips, games, sports video clips, financial news, playing a collection of songs in full, and download karaoke at high speed. All can be done while still making a video call without interrupting the data transfer process.
The following technology is used in 3.5:
• HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) is the next development of data access from 3G. HSDPA is often referred to as the 3.5 generation (3.5G) because HSDPA is still running on the 3G platform. In theory HSDPA data access speeds are the same as 480kbps, but certainly HSDPA is faster ... The newer the technology, the better the better.
• WiBro (Wireless Broadband). WiBro is part of South Korea's information technology policy known as the 839 policy. WiBro is capable of sending data at speeds of up to 50 Mbps.
After a few years, CDMA 2000 upgraded their EVDO network technology. It became EVDO Rev A. This technology has a speed 10 times faster than EVDO Rev 0. Also UMTS or often also called 3GSM has upgraded their technology to HSDPA and HSUPA. This is what is called 3.5G
Content Provider / content Agregator :
Customer : Everybody use phone 3G
Telco : EDGE, W-CDMA, CDMA2000-1X EV/DV, TD-CDMA, GAN, HSPA,HSDPA ,HSUPA ,HSPA+ ,FOMA ,HSOPA ,TD-SCDMA
Developer or Content Owner : Telkomsel ,Excelcomindo Pratama ,Indosat
OS provider : IOS , Windows , Blackberry and Android
Device Manufacture : Samsung , Blackberry , Xiaomi,Mito , Iphone , Advance
Banking : Not Supported yet
4G (4th Generation) is the fourth generation of cellular broadband network technology which succeeds 3G. Through IMT Advanced, a 4G network has to provide features specified by ITU. Potential and current applications include modified mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, mobile high-definition television, video conferencing, and 3D TV.The Long Term Evolution (LTE) system for first deployment was commercially introduced in 2009 in Oslo, Norway, and Stockholm, Sweden, and has since been deployed across most parts of the world. Nevertheless, it has been discussed that variants of the first update should be called 4 G LTE.
While in Indonesia the first appearance of those technology is in 2013, the telecommunications company Internux launched the first 4G Long Term Evolution service in Indonesia. Its product is named Bolt, which offers internet access speeds of up to 75 Mbps. And then followed with other company.
At the end of 2015 the Indonesian government have agreed on the implementation of 4G LTE connections nationally. The Government of Indonesia and local operators are committed to enveloping big cities and districts with strong fourth generation signals. Then, this effort also extended to hard-to-reach areas in the archipelago. The reason is simple, namely to facilitate the nation's access to data without obstacles. Even though it is an archipelago, Indonesia has not given up on bringing its people to a networked generation.
The weaknesses of 4G technology are growing divergence between telecommunications vendors and operators, not possible to offer full internet experience due to limited speed and bandwidth, comparatively higher cost to use and deploy infrastructure compared fast mobile generation, and heterogeneity of 4Gs wireless networks complicates the security issue. While the strengths of it are faster data transmission, higher bit rate and bandwidth up to 200 mbps, using seamless combo of many technologies (LAN, WAN, WLAN, etc.), and also dynamic information access for many kinds of device.
For the ecosystem, all of components on the ecosystem have been implemented on 4G. For device manufacturer Samsung, Huawei, Siemens, ZTE, Apple, etc. And there is chipset manufacturer like quallcom, Samsung, Huawei, etc. For the OS Providers are commonly used provider like Android and iOS. Based on www.sciencedirect.com example of 4G’s content provider is Java. The developer is a lot for example like Tencent, Facebook, Google, etc. And for the advertiser the most widely used is Google Adsense. For the app store provider is like Google Play Store, App Store, F Droid, Slipstream, etc. For Telco is many for example Telkomsel, Indosat Ooredoo, T-Mobile, Sprint, etc. Customer is everyone that could receive the 4G network. Banking is so much simple by using 4G network for example is Mandiri Online, Jenius App, BCA Online, etc. And the last is regulator, in Indonesia the regulator of 4G network is the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology.
With 4G coverage so low in some areas, why move to 5G akready?
5G has actually been years in the making.
Kevin Ashton described how he coined the term "Internet of Things" - or in short IoT - during a PowerPoint presentation he gave in the 1990s to convince Procter & Gamble to start using RFID tag technology.
The phrase that was captured and IoT was soon touted as the next big digital revolution that would see billions of connected devices sharing data seamlessly throughout the world. According to Ashton, a cell phone is not a cell phone, it is an IoT in your pocket; a number of sensors connected to the network that help you solve everything, from navigation to photography to communication and more. IoT will see data coming out of the central server and into what are known as 'edge devices' such as equipment that supports Wi-Fi such as refrigerators, washing machines and cars.
In the early 2000s, developers knew that 3G and even 4G networks would not be able to support such networks. Because 4G latency between 40ms and 60ms is too slow for real-time responses, a number of researchers are starting to develop next-generation cellular networks.
In 2008, NASA helped launch Machine-to-Machine Intelligence (M2Mi) Corp to develop IoT and M2M technology, as well as 5G technology needed to support it. In the same year, South Korea developed a 5G R&D program, while the University of New York founded NYU WIRELESS which focused on 5G in 2012.
The superior connectivity offered by 5G promises to change everything from banking to healthcare. 5G offers the possibility of innovations such as remote operations, telemedicine and even remote vital vital monitoring that can save lives.
Three South Korean operators - KT, LG Uplus, and SK Telecom - launched a direct commercial 5G service in December and promised simultaneous launch of 5G in 2019 throughout the country.
The main features of 5G are :
It is highly supportable to WWWW (wireless World Wide Web)
High speed, high capacity
Provides large broadcasting of data in Gbps.
Multi-media newspapers, watch TV programs with the clarity(HD Clarity)
Faster data transmission that of the previous generation
Large phone memory, dialing speed, clarity in audio/video
Device manufacturer : iPhone, Samsung, Asus, Oppo, Vivo, Huawei, Realmi, 1+, etc.
Content Provider : Tencent Games,
Banking : Mobile banking, e-money, etc
Customer : Everyone who could operate the phone
Regulator : Badan Regulasi Telekomunikasi Indonesia (BRTI)
App store provider : App Store, Play Store
Os provider : IOS, Android & Windows
Chipset manufacturer :Intel, Samsung, Taiwan Semiconductor, SK Hynix, Micron Technology, Broadcom, Qualcom, Texas Instrument, Toshiba & NVidia
The evolution of mobile communications: 1G to 5G
