XL Mechanical Service Ltd.

XL Mechanical Service Ltd. is Alberta's longest running repair shop for Dodge Ram and Cummins diesel truck repairs and parts. As a certified Cummins engine repair facility we perform all aspects of diesel engine repair as well as repair all other components of Ram trucks and have one of the largest inventories of used Dodge truck parts in Alberta.

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Not All Mechanic Shops Are Created Equally

Mechanic shops are just like anything else, be it restaurants or barbers or schools. Some just are not run at the same standard that others are and that is something to keep in mind when you are looking around for a reliable place to get work done on your vehicle. Booking your car or truck in with a regular mechanic is not the same as booking with a shop that specializes in working specifically on your type of vehicle. When it comes to getting quality service and trusted professionalism, it is always better to go to a shop with certified technicians that have extensive experience on working on that particular type of vehicle. 

When you have auto repairs that need to be dealt with, it is often tempting to take your vehicle in to the first mechanic you come across. On the surface, an automotive repair shop needs to have three things to function: a licensed mechanic, tools, and customers. However, just having these three things does not mean that a repair shop will meet your expectations and serve your needs. A regular mechanic, for example, may not have the experience or training necessary to do the best work on your vehicle. Some shops may lack the tools needed in order to correctly do the repairs that are required. It is always a better choice to book in with a shop that deals exclusively with your type of vehicle to ensure that you will be getting work done at a level that other mechanic shops can’t offer. These are some things that we here at XL Mechanical Service Ltd. can provide for those in the Red Deer area and across Central Alberta who own Cummins diesel trucks, because we are Alberta’s oldest repair shop that specializes in them.

With over thirty-six years of diesel engine repair under our belts, it is safe to say we know our way around Cummins engines. Unlike regular repair shops, we specialize exclusively in B and ISB series Cummins engines. All our mechanics are factory trained and are Cummins Western Canada certified. We tackle all engine, fuel system, and electronic repairs by using specific diagnostics equipment and tools to ensure we get the job done right the first time. What is more, we also have a great deal of experience in other major repairs on these trucks such as steering, brakes, and transmissions. With our knowledge and expertise, we are far more qualified to work on Dodge diesel trucks than any other auto repair shop out there.

When it comes to your truck, do not settle for a regular mechanic when you can get the services of technicians who are trained specifically for Dodge diesel repairs. XL Mechanical Service Ltd. has been servicing central Alberta diesel owners for more than three decades and we are still going strong. We offer unparalleled experience and service to ensure that all trucks brought to us are up, running and back on the roads as soon as possible. If you have a Cummins diesel truck that needs some work, do not hesitate to give us a call.

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Salvage Yard versus Parts Experts

Anyone who has spent time fixing up vehicles is probably more than a little familiar with salvage yards. There are a lot of salvage yards scattered across North America and right here in Alberta, so it is not hard to find one locally. Depending on the part you are looking for there can be some real bargains to be had when comparing to the price of a brand-new OEM part. In many cases the parts are still in good working order and depending on the reason the vehicle ended up as salvage, some may be in excellent condition. There are some things to consider before heading out with a set of wrenches to secure yourself a replacement part for your vehicle.

  Unfortunately, if you are just pulling a part out of vehicle sitting in a field, you are not getting the knowledge or expertise from someone who specializes in repairing and maintaining your particular type of vehicle. There is a big difference between having found what you need and having an expert to consult with regarding the original issue that started you on the hunt. A little insight can go a long way, especially when it comes to knowing if the parts, you are sourcing are going to be what you need to get the job done – something that is especially true when it comes to Cummins diesel engines.

  Specialized Advice

  XL Mechanical Service Ltd. has thirty-six years of Cummins diesel engine repair under our belt. What is more, our technicians are Cummins Western Canada certified with more than four decades worth of combined experience in working with these engines. We use Cummins specific tools to diagnose and repair all electronic, fuel, and engine issues. We have extensive experience in major mechanical repairs including transmission, brakes, and steering and our specialty is engine diagnostics and repair. As you can tell, we are far more qualified to give you dependable expert advice regarding parts for Cummins diesel trucks than regular mechanics or someone who works in a junkyard.

  We Offer the Best in Used Parts

  First we are a specialty truck wrecker and only have Dodge diesel powered trucks for salvage.  Second we buy and part out trucks that are in good running/ driving condition in order to ensure that we have a large and reliable selection of quality used parts. Our wrecking division has two full yards containing a large variety of parts, and our inventory is constantly changing. Frequent parts we sell but not limited to:

  Engines

Fuel injectors and pumps

Assorted engine parts

Transmissions

Emissions equipment

Differentials and transfer cases

ECMs

PCMs

Tires/Wheels

Interior and body parts

Wire harnesses

  If you come to us looking for used parts for your truck, we will be more than happy to help you with selecting the parts that you will require. In doing so, we will make sure that the parts you purchase are a match with what you need and give you any advice or recommendations we have so that you walk out confident with your repair project.

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Old vs New Parts

The reality is that vehicles have a way of breaking down and needing replacement parts as wear and tear starts to set in. Parts need to be replaced and we will have to spend some time deciding on used or new ones. For decades people have made businesses out of giving us a wide variety of options in the types of parts we buy. We can choose whether or not to buy new, OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer), rebuilt or used parts. Some of these options can save you a ton of cash, but you should do your research before deciding which type of parts you want to buy.

First, you should know the difference between OEM, rebuilt and used parts.

Rebuilt Parts

Rebuilt parts are sort of exactly what they sound like. The rebuilder takes dysfunctional part and rebuilds components of it in order to make it work again. The parts that are used to rebuild it may or may not be new. If your part is too damaged to be rebuilt, they will take a piece from another vehicle, called a core part, to be used instead.

PROS:

-There is usually a warranty that lasts for a short time period on these parts depending on the supplier

-They are usually pretty affordable

CONS:

-Rebuilt parts only work temporarily. When parts get rebuilt, some components are older than others, but every piece is worn. Heat and stress from use cause invisible cracks and wear. So, the rebuilt part will eventually fail and/or cause problems.

-May fail at random and could result in needing emergency vehicle repairs

Used Parts

Used parts come from other vehicles, and whether or not they will even work depend on what sort of establishment you buy them from. Sometimes you can find used parts from reputable dealers and quality salvage yards that work as they should.

PROS:

-They are cost efficient.

-They can help when you are in a pinch to get your vehicle back up and running more quickly than having to order a part in.

CONS:

-Most salvage yards leave cars and parts outside, which means that parts may be exposed to the elements depending on the setup of the facility.

-Many salvage yards have a habit of leaving cars and parts strewn randomly about. They have no categorization system with which to find the parts you need.

-They may use the quickest method to remove your parts (like torches and saws), not the correct methods (like wrenches and screwdrivers), and it can result in damaged parts.

-Seldom come with warranties

Remanufactured Parts:

These parts are factory remanufactured to restore their mechanical tolerances. In a remanufactured part, everything is replaced with new components. The only times that the original parts are used are when they are in excellent, top-notch condition.

PROS:

-Warranties last longer than on rebuilt parts

-Usually cost less than totally new parts

CONS:

-They will usually break down at some point before a new part would, they will generally last longer than a rebuilt part will.

You will also need to know which types of parts you can replace with used or rebuilt parts. Never replace anything rubber or consumable with used parts. This includes hoses, wipers, brake lines, belts and any other rubber parts. You can use used electrical parts, in some instances. It depends on the specific part, and it depends on the dealer, and exposure to the elements. You definitely should not purchase a used electrical part from any dealer that is less than reputable.

As far as engines go, you can usually get away with buying them used or rebuilt. You can save money by doing this because they are more expensive to buy new. There are a few things to know when buying a used engine, however. It may seem like a good idea to buy one that has low mileage on it, but even engines with low mileage could have been in accidents. So, whether you buy an engine used, rebuilt or new, get a warranty, and do research on the place you buy it from.

So, when you are looking for replacement auto parts, is it better to go new, or are used parts a better value? It really depends on the type of part you need and where you buy it from. You should ask your trusted mechanic. Not only will a good mechanic perform an assessment to determine whether you can get away with buying used parts, they will give you honest recommendations. At the end of the day, a little knowledge on your part coupled with an honest and reputable mechanic really go a long way toward any vehicular maintenance and repair decisions you may encounter.

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Fuel Filter Maintenance

Your fuel filter plays a critical role in keeping your engine protected from particles that may enter your fuel system.

What Are the Signs of a Failing or Faulty Fuel Filter?

The fuel filter is pretty easy to forget about as it is typically located well out of sight. Even when it comes to remembering things that often need regular attention in a vehicle, the fuel filter tends to go overlooked. This can lead to a lack of maintenance, which is unfortunate because the fuel filter is a vital piece of equipment which ensures your vehicle starts and runs properly by filtering out any particles that could be present in the fuel. Dirty fuel can impact the way your engine runs and even damage certain engine components, so having a functioning fuel filter is paramount.

If left unattended, over time a fuel filter can become dirty and clogged, which means it will no longer be filtering fuel as well as it should be or in serious cases, not at all. Fuel filters can also be faulty, leading to the same undesirable results. There are some common indicators that something is wrong with the fuel filter that everyone should be aware of:

Difficulty starting the vehicle – A filter that is clogged can severely restrict the amount of fuel getting to the engine, which can lead to hard starting. This is more commonly seen in a vehicle with a fuel filter that has not been changed at the recommended interval.  

Engine misfiring at random – Engine performance issues, such as misfiring, can be a symptom of a faulty or failing fuel filter. Other issues include problems with acceleration, power, and stalling.

Check engine light comes on – There are numerous problems that can lead to the check engine light coming on and a clogged or failing fuel filter is one of those things. In order to determine whether or not the fuel filter is the actual cause, it is best to have a diagnostic scan for all problem codes.

Losing power while under load – If your vehicle is powering out when going up an incline or during steady acceleration, it could be due to a clogged filter. The amount of fuel needed under load, towing or to maintain speed while going up a hill isn’t getting through the filter, leading to a low power condition.

Water in fuel light – most Cummins powered trucks have some form of indicator for water in fuel, usually a light in the dash. At the first possible opportunity the fuel filter housing should be drained and the fuel filter replaced. If a large amount of water has somehow gotten into the tank then it will have to be drained, removed and cleaned. A totally water saturated fuel filter will not stop the water from entering the engine fuel system. The water separator system is designed to capture trace amounts only, so avoid unknown fuel sources. Also avoid-alcohol based conditioners as they are designed to break water into smaller molecules that can pass through the filtration system.

Cummins Diesel Fuel Filter Change Interval:

So, when should a filter be changed, and can you do it yourself? The model year of truck you own will determine the fuel filter change interval. We recommend changing your fuel filters more often than the manufacturer recommends as western Canadian fuel has one of the highest rates of contaminants of any fuel anywhere, even right out of the pump.  According to Bosch the highest rate of fuel component failure resides within Alberta compared to elsewhere in Canada and the main reason for the failures is due to contamination. Frequent fuel filter changes along with the right kind of fuel conditioner will go a long way to keep your fuel system components lasting as long as possible.  Also buy OE quality filters with a low micron filtration rating; they will pay for themselves over the long run.

Depending on the vehicle type, changing the fuel filter yourself can be DIY. However, as always there is a right and wrong way to do the job which means that it may be a task for your regular mechanic to tackle.

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Air Filter Maintenance

Ensuring that the air filter in your vehicle is working like it should be is a crucial step toward keeping your vehicle in peak operating condition for as long as possible. Neglecting the proper maintenance cycle of these filters can lead to costly repairs down the line. To avoid that scenario, it is a good idea to become acquainted with some basics of air filter maintenance and in addition, the potential issues you might find with your filter.

What Are the Signs of a Failing or Faulty Air Filter?

Air filters are another imperative part of your truck as they keep potentially harmful debris and contaminants out of the turbo charger, charge air system, cylinder head and internal engine components. An air filter that’s clogged or faulty can lead to unnecessary engine damage and as a result, significant repair costs. This is particularly true in turbocharged vehicles, as the turbocharger increases performance by forcing pressurized air into the engine. Another considerable problem that can arise from a poorly functioning air filter is damage to the piston rings, which can potentially lead to excessive oil consumption.

There are a few warning signs that your air filter is either faulty or is so dirty that it is no longer doing its job. These include:

Hard starting – if your air filter is clogged a diesel can be hard to start and crank for an excessive period of time which puts strain on the electrical system, especially the starter. If you are experiencing hard starting every time you start your engine, it may be time to check the air filter.

Issues with acceleration – If your vehicle is not accelerating as well as it should, it seems to be under-powered or you notice black smoke under load it could mean that the appropriate amount of air is not being received by the engine, again time to check your air filter.

The service engine light comes on – If this light comes on, check the air filter to see if it is the problem. On newer diesel trucks there is a sensor in the air intake system to monitor intake air flow. A restricted air filter can trigger the service engine light via this sensor.

Most Dodge trucks equipped with a Cummins diesel built in 1994 and later came with a filter minder in the air filter box. This is a quick visual aid to indicate the health of the air filter. If it’s in the green then no further service is required, if it’s showing yellow then further inspection is required as it is indicating that the air filter is straining to deliver the required air to the engine.

Black smoke emitting from the exhaust – A restricted air supply can lead to fuel not being burnt completely, which in turn leads to black smoke.

A decrease in fuel efficiency – If the air filter is too dirty and restrictive, the engine will compensate for the lack of oxygen by using more fuel in order to keep producing power.

Also, if you are running a truck that has been modified to fuel over stock parameters, then consider an aftermarket high flow air intake system. The stock paper element has its limitations on how much air it can flow, in higher horsepower applications this may not be enough. It may be time to upgrade to a high flow kit.

Given the risks that come with an air filter that is not functioning correctly, it only makes sense to keep up with regular maintenance. This is something you can do on your own if you are mechanically inclined. However, if you are not, it is something that the mechanics at XL Mechanical can easily manage as part of your regular maintenance. Stay on top of air filter maintenance in order to avoid costly problems later on down the road.

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Air Filter Maintenance - XL Mechanical Service Ltd.

Don't neglect your air filter maintenance. https://www.xlmechanicalservice.ca/blog/air-filter-maintenance/ from XL Mechanical Service Ltd. https://www.xlmechanicalservice.ca/blog/air-filter-maintenance/

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What Happens to Diesel Fuel in Cold Weather?

It happens every year. Winter sneaks up on us before we realize that what feels like two weeks of summer has passed. With those freezing temperatures, it is important to understand what happens to diesel fuel in cold weather.

Having a basic understanding of how diesel fuel reacts to the cold will help keep your diesel engine safe from harm. That way, you can keep right on trucking through the winter knowing your vehicle will hold up.

What Makes Diesel Fuel Different?

Just like regular gasoline, diesel is comprised of several ingredients and comes in different grades of fuel for use in different kinds of vehicles. These include agricultural, construction, and transit vehicles.

What sets diesel apart from gasoline is that it is a heavier fuel. It is denser on a molecular level to create more power for the engine it flows through. All things being equal, the same amounts of gasoline and diesel will not weigh the same in terms of pounds.

While diesel delivers a vehicle that extra boost of power when needed, this dense, heavy fuel has a downfall and that is cold weather.

What to Expect from Diesel Fuel in the Cold

As temperatures drop to the freezing mark and below, diesel fuel begins to be affected. It starts by forming solid bonds molecularly. These bonds can become visible as there are more of them, giving the fuel a hazy appearance. This is the paraffin wax in the fuel solidifying. Under normal conditions the paraffin wax acts as a lubricant and maintains the fuel’s viscosity.

As more wax solidifies over time, it can clog a fuel filter blocking the flow of fuel to the engine. As you can guess, the result is a starved engine that will not run.

This problem is commonly referred to as a “gelled engine” and the process of diesel fuel freezing in this way is enhanced by water molecules in the fuel itself. The frozen water molecules provide a base on which the waxy build-up can form, creating a clumpy mess within your motor.

Once this process begins, it can’t simply be reversed with a fuel additive that you pour in the tank to dissolve the gunk away. That is why diesel fuel itself needs to undergo maintenance all year around. You are not getting the exact same product from the pump in June as you are in December.

As most diesel fuel providers blend their fuel starting in the fall, it will already be winterized for use in the cold weather. The fuel is thinner and flows easier, so gelling is less likely to occur. Although the lower cetane value in the fuel also reduces your vehicle’s power and fuel efficiency, the treated fuel will keep your vehicle running.

What can be done to if you have a Gelled Engine?

Even after an engine has suffered through a diesel fuel gelling, you can still get your vehicle running again. There are a few things you can do:

Heat  

Just like anything else that freezes, turning up the heat in an around your vehicle can melt away the wax buildup to restore the fuel flow through the engine. Although it can take some time to effectively melt a large amount of fuel. Many diesel vehicles have a heating element built in that can help the melting process. When a fuel filter has built up too much wax for melting to take care of it, it’s time to replace the filter to restore proper flow. Often, once the engine is running again, it will generate enough heat to keep the fuel flowing and continue running.

Mix in high – grade diesel or kerosene

Although it will work to dissolve the wax buildup, this method can be quite expensive. A large quantity of new diesel or kerosene is needed to achieve the results. Also, fuel economy will be reduced while these fluids are in the engine.

What can be done to prevent Fuel Gelling?

Fuel additives

Aside from the winterized fuel at the pump, adding anti-gelling additives before the freezing weather arrives can help prevent that wax from forming in the first place. These additives keep the diesel fuel from binding to itself and creating the wax, so it stays flowing even well below the freezing mark. Remember to use fuel conditioners that are diesel specific and not alcohol based, otherwise, you could be straining your fuel system.

Engine check

Giving your engine a routine mechanical inspection can help in preventing fuel gelling. XL Mechanical provides these services to our Red Deer area customers regularly. Checking and topping up all fluid levels. Go over the axels, the transmission, all the pulleys, and the serpentine belt. Replace anything that shows signs of wear. A review of the cooling system, hoses and antifreeze, is also important.

Battery check

Make sure your battery is clean and replace any terminals that look suspect. This includes the positive cable attached to the starter, so you can be sure to avoid starting problems. Of course, a battery charge test is also useful. If you have to replace your battery, it is better to do it on your terms rather than when you need to get somewhere, and your vehicle will not start.

Other common vehicle checks

This applies to every vehicle, not just those that run on diesel. Making sure your wipers are in proper working order, your spare tire is fully inflated, and your moving compartments, like doors and hinges are lubricated will all keep your vehicle running efficiently over the winter. Do not forget about your braking system too.

One Last Tip

Even after all these checks and solutions, it is important to note that a diesel-fueled vehicle needs time to warm up each morning on those cold winter days. Give yourself some extra time for the vehicle to run idling so it can maintain that warm flow of fuel.

Be  prepared and follow the rules of diesel fuel maintenance, and your vehicle can get through winter purring like a kitten. Then you get to do it all over again after another short Alberta summer.

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A Look At Cummins Diesel Engine’s History

For almost 100 years the name Cummins has been synonymous with power and dependability in the world of engines. Most RAM truck lovers today are aware of the Cummins name and what the Cummins Turbo Diesel engine can do under the hood.

How Cummins rose to glory and became one of the best-known engines in the industry is an interesting one that’s worth hearing about. So, here is a look at the history of the Cummins Diesel engine.

  An Early Start

  From a very early age, Clessie Lyle Cummins took to engines in rural Indiana, where at the age of 11 he constructed his very first steam-powered engine. It would not be long before Cummins began working as a mechanic after leaving home as a young man to make his mark on the world.

By the time he was 23, Cummins had formed a reputation as a mechanic in his own shop and was asked to join the pit crew of race car driver Ray Harroun in 1911. The suggestions he made to improve the vehicle performance of Harroun’s car would lead to victory lane in the very first Indianapolis 500.

That would vault Cummin’s career forward so that he could found the Cummins Engine Company out of Columbus Indiana in 1919. With the help of banker William G. Irwin, the company became one of the first to utilize the work of German engineer Rudolf Diesel to enhance their own engine designs.

After 10 years of designing, building and testing, Cummins was able to mount a diesel engine into a used Packard limousine to create America’s first diesel engine automobile. As word got out, Cummins became a premier supplier of engines to the trucking industry.

  Building the Cummins Foundation

  A milestone year for the Cummins brand was 1933. In that year, they released the Model H, which was a heavy-duty engine used for transportation and would soon become the basis for their most successful engines.

The company grew very quickly over the next few years as Cummins was always striving for better performance from his engines. J. Irwin Miller, great-nephew of original investor William Irwin, would soon join the company with his vision set on new heights.

In 1935 Irwin Miller became the general manager of Cummins Engine Company and over the next 3 years, they finally earned their first profit. Soon after came the very first 100,000-mile warranty. From there, the company became internationally known.

With progress being made through America’s interstate highway construction program in the 1950’s, Cummins took giant leaps forward with their business. Their engines powered many of the large equipment used to build those roadways. In fact, more than half of the heavy-duty trucks on the road at that time were being operated with various Cummins engine models.

Through Cummins knowledge and ingenuity, he was able to produce a pressure-timed fuel injector system that would provide the trucking industry with the reliability, durability, and power that was sought. This was another opportunity to grow the company to $100 Million in sales revenue and become the leader in the diesel engine market.

  Giving Back and Moving Forward

  Miller would lead the company to great success, which allowed them to give back to the community. The Cummins Foundation was established in 1954 to pay for all architect fees to build and expand the small Indiana community through new construction.

A couple of years later, expansion took the company to Shotts, Scotland with a new manufacturing facility. Creating even more jobs overseas, it didn’t take long for them to establish roots in 98 countries around the world.

This global expansion was the foundation for the growth of the company for years to come. In China alone, Cummins is to this day, the largest foreign investor in the diesel engine market, employing almost 10,000 people to the tune of $3 Billion in sales.

As a leader in innovation, Cummins established what is regarded as the first true mass consumer model engine in 1989. The Dodge Ram light-duty pickup truck series would pave the way in the sector with its 5.9-litre inline six-cylinder engine. Known as the D001, it boasted 215 horsepower and 330 pound-feet of torque to begin a long-lasting and popular marriage between the Dodge RAM truck and the Cummins Diesel engine.

The decision to go with a six-cylinder rather than a V8 that was common in competitor vehicles at the time gave Cummins an advantage in the market. They were able to use 40 percent fewer parts to create a simpler process of manufacturing to build an engine that featured the power and versatility the market would come to love.

Of course, they did not stop there, as they added a 6.7-litre straight-six engine to the line a few years later. In 2015, the ingenuity kept rolling with a 6.2-litre Supercharged Hemi V8 engine along with several other powerful engines specifically designed for other markets outside of the RAM family of trucks.

They were the only company in the sector to meet 2010 EPA standards for Nox emissions, as they released their new 6.7-litre turbo diesel engine in 2007. The Dodge Ram Heavy Duty Pickup would shine with this innovative new engine powering it forward.

Globally, Cummins maintains its status as a Fortune 500 company with approximately 55,000 employees. In a now diversified business, they serve the components, power generation, and distribution markets as leaders in each field with over $17 Billion in total sales annually.

The Cummins Diesel engine is a story of true genius, collaboration, and making the most of opportunities. It was and continues to be, a successful brand that leads the way in the world of diesel engine powered pickup trucks.

Even though it has a long and successful history behind them, it seems that the future is also a long road ahead for the Cummins Engine Company. There is no telling when the next generation of advances will fuel the Cummins diesel engine with another leap forward.

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CV Joints: A Very Underappreciated Component of a Vehicle

Pictures throughout are damage caused by a failed CV joint.

Did you know that your vehicle has CV joints? If you did not, now is a good time to learn about them. Most vehicle owners try their best to make sure that their engine and transmission are running well, but when is the last time you heard someone mention their CV joints? More than likely, never. CV joints, technically known as Continuous Velocity joints, are some of the most complex parts of your vehicle that are quintessential to its performance and reliability. This is especially important with the different driving terrains Alberta has, from highways to gravel roads, to lots of turns and hills. You will want to be sure that your CV joints are working properly to keep your vehicle safely on the road.

  CV joints allow components of the drive-train to flex, turn, and move naturally without disrupting power delivery or upsetting the vehicle.  CV joints are called Continuous Velocity joints because they maintain the velocity of wheel and axle rotation, no matter what angle the axle or wheels have. If you are turning, the CV joints allows for continuous power delivery even though the wheels are at an angle. CV joints also allow for continuous power delivery when your vehicle is traveling over a bump or pothole where the axles and driveshaft must move to accommodate the bad road quality.

  The most common types of CV joints are Rzeppa joints, Cardan Joints, and Thompson couplings. Though they are all mechanically different, they all do the same thing. More simple CV joints, Cardan joints and Thompson couplings for example, are more common in diesel trucks and large vehicles. These joints have an open construction where the parts are all physically attached together to allow the angle of the driveshaft to change and rotate without the need of any special lubrication. Rzeppa joints, common in economy vehicles, are more complex as they use multiple ball bearings, an inner grooved ball, a grooved cup for ball bearings, and a boot to hold lubrication grease in order to deliver rotational energy.

  The one thing that all of these continuous velocity joints have in common is the necessity of maintenance. When CV joints go bad, they usually produce whining, clanking, or squeaking sounds that are more prevalent at low speeds. Similar to wheel bearing problems, bad CV joints can cause a vehicle to pull and or vibrate violently. In some cases of CV joint neglect, the joints can break and allow the axle or driveshaft to rotate freely under the vehicle. Though rare, these occurrences can cause thousands in damage as the shafts are free to rotate and destroy suspension components, wires, fuel lines and brake lines. Though very rare, violent vibrations caused by a neglected joint can cause fasteners to become loose, transfer cases to crack, and transmission cases to crack.

  One dramatic example we have seen recently was a situation where a front drive shaft exploded at 100 kilometers per hour and destroyed the transfer case. Unfortunately, the owner of the vehicle ignored the indicators of the problem, and the result was a very dangerous high speed failure, and thousands of dollars in repairs. More severe cases we have seen resulted in over $10,000 worth of damage from fuel lines, brake lines, wiring harnesses, and even the bottom of the cab floor being destroyed.

  Never neglect your CV joints. Next time you take your vehicle in for an oil change or regular service, make sure you ask your mechanic at XL Mechanical about the health of your CV joints, as we check them as a courtesy during this service. They are relatively cheap and are easy to rebuild or replace, compared to the massive damage and loss of control possible at highway speeds if neglected. Save yourself time and money by simply maintaining your CV joints properly.

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Why is Diesel More Efficient Than Gasoline?

When you hear the word “diesel”, you likely think about big-rig trucks and heavy-duty construction equipment spewing thick clouds of black smoke into the atmosphere. However, diesel has grown to become a viable mainstream alternative to gasoline in recent years by cleaning up its act and cutting down on the amount of harmful emissions released as a by-product of burning the fuel. It also does not hurt that diesel engines are safer, simpler, and stronger than their gasoline counterparts. For a variety of reasons, diesel is more efficient than gasoline.

  What is Diesel?

  As one of the more versatile forms of fuel, diesel can be used by casual drivers in their residential vehicles just as easily as professionals powering heavy trucks, equipment, trains, ships, and aircraft. Without getting into a science lesson, diesel fuel is derived from a variety of sources – commonly petroleum, although other material such as biomass, natural gas, biogas, and animal fat can be converted into synthetic diesel. Because diesel is heavier on the molecular level, its energy density is greater than that of gasoline and most other fossil fuels, meaning that diesel in comparison contains more energy per unit of measurement.

  Energy Density Explained

  Since energy density is a primary factor in the energy efficiency of a fossil fuel, it is important to understand what it is and how it relates to diesel. Basically, energy density is the measurement of the amount of energy present in a volume of fuel. The density of energy in a fuel is dependent upon the size and number of molecular hydrocarbons within the fuel – the bigger, the better. If a fossil fuel is comprised of smaller energy molecules, its energy density will be lower as well. One of the most extreme examples is natural gas, or methane, which exists in a gaseous state at room temperature because its molecules and molecule chains are extraordinarily small.

  Diesel vs. Gasoline

  Although not as extreme as methane, the energy density of gasoline in its liquid state is comparatively low as a result of its smaller molecules, clocking in at under 34,000 megajoules per metre cubed. In contrast, diesel consists of a generous number of large hydrocarbons linked together through lengthy molecular chains, resulting in a strong, heavy fuel with a much higher energy density of just over 37,000 megajoules per metre cubed. On average, the energy density of diesel is 15 percent higher than that of gasoline, with some estimates reaching as high as 20 percent. Simply put, diesel is a superior form of fuel in terms of energy efficiency because it produces more energy per litre or gallon than gasoline.

  The Diesel Engine

  Energy-rich fuel is not the only reason that diesel is more efficient than gasoline. Due to its design and the technological advancements that have been implemented over the last century, the diesel engine can draw an incredible amount of power from that energy-rich fuel and stands as a more efficient engine than its gasoline counterpart. Unlike gasoline engines, which require spark plugs, diesel engines achieve combustion by compressing the air in the cylinders to scorching levels, causing the temperature inside to increase. When the fuel is injected into the chamber, ignition occurs instantly and delivers maximum power to the engine without fear of improper combustion or pumping losses.

  Examining Thermal Efficiency

  The key to the impressive fuel efficiency of the diesel engine is in its high thermal efficiency, defined as the measurement of a fuel’s total potential energy that can be converted by an engine into mechanical energy used to power vehicles and equipment. Thermal efficiency is the nexus of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, which state that a system’s energy output is lower than the energy input because energy will always be lost in the form of heat. All combustion engines are startlingly inefficient because much of the energy fed into them in the form of fuel is eventually lost as heat into the atmosphere or through the exhaust pipe when it is burned. However, diesel engines are remarkably thermal efficient in comparison with other engines.

  Waste Not, Want Not

  Compared to gasoline engines, diesel engines have a much higher thermal efficiency, which translates into greater energy efficiency thanks to less wasted fuel. The reason for the diesel engine’s greater thermal efficiency is twofold – the higher compression and oxygen-to-fuel ratios produce more energy per volume of fuel and convert more of it into useful energy. The compression ratio represents the difference in the total volume of the combustion chamber between the bottom stroke of the piston and the point of combustion. As the air is compressed faster and harder, it becomes super-heated and allows more power to be extracted from the fuel when it combusts. Since gasoline is more volatile, gasoline engines will never be able to achieve the compression ratio of a diesel engine, ranging between 14:1 and 25:1 in comparison to 8:1 and 12:1 for gasoline.

  Air to Fuel Ratio

  In conjunction with the compression ratio, the high air-to-fuel ratio factors into the thermal efficiency of the diesel engine. When there is more oxygen than fuel present in the mixture, the fuel is able to burn cleaner and generate more energy. Since diesel engines can function on a lean mixture featuring more oxygen, the fuel enjoys a much cleaner burn resulting in more energy produced per volume of fuel. In comparison, gasoline engines suffer from performance issues when the ratio is higher because they typically operate along the stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio, which is the ideal mixture of 14.7:1, whereas diesel engines range between 18 and 70 parts air to one-part fuel.

  The Evolution of Diesel

  While there was a time when diesel was restricted to highways, farms, and construction sites, it has evolved to the point that it is a serious alternative to gasoline in any setting. As a result of its thermal efficiency, diesel is a more fuel-efficient choice than gasoline, offering a reliable and effective combination of energy-rich fuel and an engine that converts more of that energy into mechanical power.

    The post Why is Diesel More Efficient Than Gasoline? appeared first on XL Mechanical Service Ltd..

The post Why is Diesel More Efficient Than Gasoline? first appeared on XL Mechanical Service Ltd.

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How Do Turbochargers Work?

When it comes to your engine, more power is usually better. There are a few ways to increase the speed of your vehicle, such as adding more cylinders to your engine, using a mechanically driven supercharger, or installing a turbocharger. With the aid of a turbocharger, your engine receives an extra kick thanks to the heat energy from your exhaust gases, reducing the amount of waste and enabling your car to go faster than it normally would.

  The Turbocharger

  If you want to achieve higher speeds, a turbocharger is generally as awesome as the name implies. Essentially, a turbocharger is an air compressor that is driven by the pressure and energy from your engine’s exhaust gases to burn more fuel faster and increase the power of your engine. It consists of two small air fans – the turbine and the compressor – attached to opposite ends of a metal shaft known as the CHRA (centre hub rotating assembly), often with a cooling system situated between them.

Call today to find out about our Dodge Cummins Turbocharger services at https://www.xlmechanicalservice.ca 403-350-6840

  What It Does

  A common misconception is that the turbocharger itself is providing the additional power somehow. In fact, the source of that increased strength is your vehicle’s own fuel supply, as the turbocharger simply enables a larger amount of fuel to be burned per second in order to give your engine an extra boost.

Although the names are similar, a turbocharger functions differently than a supercharger. Whereas the supercharger draws its power from the crankshaft, the turbocharger runs off a turbine that is driven by the waste energy from exhaust gases. Rather than emitting the excess gases in a thick cloud of exhaust fumes as you’re barreling down the road, this enhancement uses that waste energy in a more environmentally friendly manner to help deliver greater power to the engine.

  How It Works

  When expanded exhaust gases are expelled from the engine cylinders, they drive the turbine wheel as heat energy. Since the turbine and the compressor are connected to same metal shaft, both wheels spin at the same time. As the gases continue their journey, the exhaust gases are expelled out the exhaust pipe and fresh air is drawn from the air cleaner by the compressor wheel, into the compressor housing. The resulting compressed, pressurized air is sent to the charge air cooler, where it is cooled additionally before entering the intake manifold to create boost pressure, allowing the engine to consume more fuel at a rapid pace.

  Welcome to the Wastegate

  In order to control the turbocharger’s maximum boost pressure and speed, a wastegate can be installed internally or externally to restrict the flow of exhaust gases passing through the device. The pressure actuator ensures that the set level of boost pressure is consistently maintained by automatically opening the wastegate to release excess exhaust gases when the spring value is exceeded. Since the turbine wheel can’t spin any faster, over-boosting is avoided and, ultimately, the engine is prevented from excessive pressure. This also means that boost is increased in the lower range of RPMs.

  Troubleshooting a Turbocharger

  Although there are many advantages to using turbochargers on your engine, they add an extra layer of complexity to an already complex mechanism. As such, they require maintenance and troubleshooting to determine the proper course of action if a problem does arise. When correctly installed, turbochargers should not leak oil, but if it happens, you cannot fix the leak by simply replacing the seals, which are generally in a piston ring style. Oil leaks have many different possible causes with many different possible remedies, so it is important to have a professional look at it to determine the cause and the right repairs needed.

  Replace or Repair

  If you are experiencing a loss of power, turn off the engine and perform the appropriate troubleshooting steps to determine if the turbocharger can be repaired or needs to be replaced. Make sure that nothing is impeding the spinning of the shaft and wheel assembly and that neither the turbine wheel nor the compressor wheel is touching the housing. If it is stiff to turn or the shaft and bearings are not floating on the surface of the oil, you may need a new turbocharger.

  Another potential source of turbocharger trouble is the air filter. Keep an eye on it because the engine cannot get enough air if the filter becomes clogged. The exhaust manifold, which is the piping that feeds the turbocharger, should also be examined closely in case it is allowing exhaust gases to escape. If so, this will prevent the turbocharger from achieving its maximum speed, resulting in a low rate of boost to the engine.

  Be Preventive and Attentive

  To avoid minor issues turning into major headaches, take a proactive approach with a scheduled maintenance program for your engine and turbocharger. There are a variety of reasons these devices fail prematurely, and most of them can be prevented if you pay attention and practice preventive maintenance on a regular basis. For instance, make sure the turbocharger is receiving sufficient lubrication – if not, the rotation of the wheel and shaft assembly becomes unstable and the wheels will make contact with the housing. With repeated rubbing over time, turbocharger failure can occur.

  Clear away any debris or other items and objects that could interfere with the operation of the high-speed blades of the compressor and turbine wheels. If the wheels become unbalanced, the instability of the rotation can place extra stress on the bearings and contribute to eventual failure of the turbocharger. Likewise, lubricants containing contaminants can wreak their fair share of havoc when used regularly. These harmful lubricants can cause heavy leakage by damaging the seals, blocking the oil passages, and scoring the shaft’s bearings and journals.

  Take Charge of Your Turbocharger

  At the same time that it makes your vehicle go faster, the turbocharger may require up to 10 percent less fuel and produce less air pollution because the fuel is being burned with more oxygen than a traditional non-turbo engine. As long as it is carefully installed, correctly operated, and properly maintained, your turbocharger should give you countless hours of fast-paced fun.

  The post How Do Turbochargers Work? appeared first on XL Mechanical Service Ltd..

The post How Do Turbochargers Work? first appeared on XL Mechanical Service Ltd.

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Introducing Cummins PowerDrive

Introducing Cummins PowerDrive from Cummins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tA0V1xGjD-4

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Cummins Product and Technology Unveil at the 2018 IAA Commercial Vehicles - Hanover, Germany

Cummins Product and Technology Unveil at the 2018 IAA Commercial Vehicles - Hanover, Germany from Cummins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJKaZ9FYnN0

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from Cummins Newsroom | Cummins Inc. https://www.cummins.com/news/releases/2018/09/19/cummins-debuts-its-unique-and-versatile-hybrid-powerdrive-iaa-commercial

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Cummins Unveils the Future of Diesel with Low NOx and Low CO2…

Cummins Unveils the Future of Diesel with Low NOx and Low CO2… from Cummins Newsroom | Cummins Inc. https://www.cummins.com/news/releases/2018/09/19/cummins-unveils-future-diesel-low-nox-and-low-co2-emissions-technology

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New Center is Next Step in Cummins’ Innovation Efforts

New Center is Next Step in Cummins’ Innovation Efforts from Cummins Newsroom | Cummins Inc. https://www.cummins.com/news/2018/09/18/new-center-next-step-cummins-innovation-efforts

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2018 Cummins Repower Cruise - Day 4

2018 Cummins Repower Cruise - Day 4 from Cummins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6AAG4bzlTSE