vox et praeterea nihil

zander, he/him, translation and interpreting studies / spanish / studying english, french and mandarin //   @zanderskyward's sideblog 

[stillstudies]

things are starting to kick-in around here! it’s a little scary, and a lot overwhelming, but I wouldn’t have it any other way. I’m finally starting to find my routine; and even though change is constantly a fear in my life, for once I’m craving it. it’s comforting knowing that I have the capacity to change. coming from the mindset I once lived in, these days seem more and more surreal as time passes on. sometimes it still feels like dreaming. but no- this is my life now.

now playing:

rawnald gregory erickson the second- strfkr

boys will be bugs- cavetown

[almostreading]

Roman history is like a bottomless well, interesting but very exhausting

[almostreading]

Actually had a productive day at the library going through my materials and writing notes on Mary Shelley

[latetothestudygame]

Some desk details - I’ve finally finished decorating it to encourage me to want to spend more time there and actually do my work! Ft my new runes and the mug that seems to be at my desk more than me

[coffeeandpies-deactivated202012]

200919 // i feel like i haven’t posted any bullet journal spreads for a while so here it is. a simpler one but functional nonetheless :D

[sunnyafternoooon-deactivated202]

the signs as french sayings

aries: “chien qui aboie ne mord pas.” barking dogs seldom bite.

taurus: “quand il pleut, il verse.” when it rains it pours.

gemini: “il faut laisser aller le monde comme il va.” we must let the world go as it is.

cancer: “bon coeur ne peut mentir.” the heart sees farther than the head.

leo: “à coeur vaillant rien d’impossible.” nothing is impossible for a willing heart.

virgo: “il faut reculer pour mieux sauter.” one must step back to take a good leap.

libra: “il n’y a qu’un bonheur dans la vie, c’est d’aimer et d’être aimé.” there is only one happiness in life; to love and be loved.

scorpio: “la nuit porte conseil.” the night brings advice.

sagittarius: “après la pluie, le beau temps.” after rain comes sunshine.

capricorn: “il n’y a pas plus sourd que celui qui ne veut pas entendre.” no one is as deaf as the one who does not want to listen.

aquarius: “c'est l'exception qui confirme la règle.” it’s the exception that proves the rule.

pisces: “la foi est la moitié de la bataille.” faith is half the battle.

[selenocysteine]

Tips to learn a new language

The 75 most common words make up 40% of occurrences The 200 most common words make up 50% of occurrences The 524 most common words make up 60% of occurrences The 1257 most common words make up 70% of occurrences The 2925 most common words make up 80% of occurrences The 7444 most common words make up 90% of occurrences The 13374 most common words make up 95% of occurrences The 25508 most common words make up 99% of occurrences

(Sources: 5 Steps to Speak a New Language by Hung Quang Pham)

This article has an excellent summary on how to rapidly learn a new language within 90 days.

We can begin with studying the first 600 words. Of course chucking is an effective way to memorize words readily. Here’s a list to translate into the language you desire to learn that I grabbed from here! :)

EXPRESSIONS OF POLITENESS (about 50 expressions)      

‘Yes’ and ‘no’: yes, no, absolutely, no way, exactly.    

Question words: when? where? how? how much? how many? why? what? who? which? whose?    

Apologizing: excuse me, sorry to interrupt, well now, I’m afraid so, I’m afraid not.    

Meeting and parting: good morning, good afternoon, good evening, hello, goodbye, cheers, see you later, pleased to meet you, nice to have met.    

Interjections: please, thank you, don’t mention it, sorry, it’ll be done, I agree, congratulations, thank heavens, nonsense.    

NOUNS (about 120 words)

Time: morning, afternoon, evening, night; Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday; spring, summer, autumn, winter; time, occasion, minute, half-hour, hour, day, week, month, year.    

People: family, relative, mother, father, son, daughter, sister, brother, husband, wife; colleague, friend, boyfriend, girlfriend; people, person, human being, man, woman, lady, gentleman, boy, girl, child.    

Objects: address, bag, book, car, clothes, key, letter (=to post), light (=lamp), money, name, newspaper, pen, pencil, picture, suitcase, thing, ticket.    

Places: place, world, country, town, street, road, school, shop, house, apartment, room, ground; Britain, name of the foreign country, British town-names, foreign town-names.    

Abstract: accident, beginning, change, color, damage, fun, half, help, joke, journey, language, English, name of the foreign language, letter (of alphabet), life, love, mistake, news, page, pain, part, question, reason, sort, surprise, way (=method), weather, work.    

Other: hand, foot, head, eye, mouth, voice; the left, the right; the top, the bottom, the side; air, water, sun, bread, food, paper, noise.    

PREPOSITIONS (about 40 words)    

General: of, to, at, for, from, in, on.    

Logical: about, according-to, except, like, against, with, without, by, despite, instead of.    

Space: into, out of, outside, towards, away from, behind, in front of, beside, next to, between, above, on top of, below, under, underneath, near to, a long way from, through.    

Time: after, ago, before, during, since, until.    

DETERMINERS (about 80 words)  

Articles and numbers: a, the; nos. 0–20; nos. 30–100; nos. 200–1000; last, next, 1st–12th.    

Demonstrative: this, that.    

Possessive: my, your, his, her, its, our, their.    

Quantifiers: all, some, no, any, many, much, more, less, a few, several, whole, a little, a lot of.    

Comparators: both, neither, each, every, other, another, same, different, such.    

ADJECTIVES (about 80 words)    

Color: black, blue, green, red, white, yellow.    

Evaluative: bad, good, terrible; important, urgent, necessary; possible, impossible; right, wrong, true.    

General: big, little, small, heavy; high, low; hot, cold, warm; easy, difficult; cheap, expensive; clean, dirty; beautiful, funny (=comical), funny (=odd), usual, common (=shared), nice, pretty, wonderful; boring, interesting, dangerous, safe; short, tall, long; new, old; calm, clear, dry; fast, slow; finished, free, full, light (=not dark), open, quiet, ready, strong.    

Personal: afraid, alone, angry, certain, cheerful, dead, famous, glad, happy, ill, kind, married, pleased, sorry, stupid, surprised, tired, well, worried, young.    

VERBS (about 100 words)    

arrive, ask, be, be able to, become, begin, believe, borrow, bring, buy, can, change, check, collect, come, continue, cry, do, drop, eat, fall, feel, find, finish, forget, give, going to, have, have to, hear, help, hold, hope, hurt (oneself), hurt (someone else), keep, know, laugh, learn, leave, lend, let (=allow), lie down, like, listen, live (=be alive), live (=reside), look (at), look for, lose, love, make, may (=permission), may (=possibility), mean, meet, must, need, obtain, open, ought to, pay, play, put, read, remember, say, see, sell, send, should, show, shut, sing, sleep, speak, stand, stay, stop, suggest, take, talk, teach, think, travel, try, understand, use, used to, wait for, walk, want, watch, will, work (=operate), work (=toil), worry, would, write.    

PRONOUNS (about 40 words)

Personal: I, you, he, she, it, we, they, one; myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.    

Possessive: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs.    

Demonstrative: this, that.    

Universal: everyone, everybody, everything, each, both, all, one, another.    

Indefinite: someone, somebody, something, some, a few, a little, more, less; anyone, anybody, anything, any, either, much, many.    

Negative: no-one, nobody, nothing, none, neither.    

ADVERBS (about 60 words)

Place: here, there, above, over, below, in front, behind, nearby, a long way away, inside, outside, to the right, to the left, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, home, upstairs, downstairs.    

Time: now, soon, immediately, quickly, finally, again, once, for a long time, today, generally, sometimes, always, often, before, after, early, late, never, not yet, still, already, then (=at that time), then (=next), yesterday, tomorrow, tonight.    

Quantifiers: a little, about (=approximately), almost, at least, completely, very, enough, exactly, just, not, too much, more, less.    

Manner: also, especially, gradually, of course, only, otherwise, perhaps, probably, quite, so, then (=therefore), too (=also), unfortunately, very much, well.    

CONJUNCTIONS (about 30 words)

Coordinating: and, but, or; as, than, like.    

Time & Place: when, while, before, after, since (=time), until; where.    

Manner & Logic: how, why, because, since (=because), although, if; what, who, whom, whose, which, that.   

[thepolyglotblog]

Oh i love this concept!

[amateurlanguager]

I love it too! I love it mostly because it makes me feel less overwhelmed. When you break it down like this, everything seems so much more manageable. Like, hey, I could memorize 20 words at a time (even if ‘at a time’ varies wildly for me), and just do that like ten times. That’s a HUGE chunk of a language.

(And since I have the habit of doing languages that are similar to ones I’m already familiar with, the grammar part usually comes pretty easy, too.)

[polyglottraveler]

French Slang Masterpost

Abbreviations 

Slt (Salut) = Hello Bcp (Beaucoup) = A lot Dsl (Désolé) = Sorry Stp (S’il te plait) = Please Dac (D’accord) = Okay Qd (Quand) = When  Qqch (Quelque chose) = Something Qqn (quelqu’un) = Somebody

Internet words 

Mdr (Mort de rire) = Lol Ptdr (Pété de rire) = Lmao Vdm (Vie de merde) = Fuck my life Tg (T’as gueule) = Shut up BG (Beau gosse) = Hot guy  Tkt (T’inquiête) = Don’t worry

Common sayings 

Bref = In short Ouais = Yeah Putain, Merde = Shit C’est de la merde = It’s crap     Ça craint = It sucks         Ça me soûle = It’s annoying me  C’est relou (C’est lourd) = It sucks  C’est ouf (C’est fou) = It’s crazy C’est trop cool = It’s awesome C’est le bordel = It’s a mess Je suis claqué = I’m exhausted               Je me casse = I’m getting out of here   Je m’en fou = I don’t care         Tu rigoles = You’re jocking       Tu te fous de ma gueule = You’re kidding me  Tu fais quoi? = What’s up? Laisse tomber = Just forget it Fais gaffe = Be careful                 Péter un plomb = Going crazy                 Avoir la flemme de faire quelque chose = To be too lazy to do something

Unformal verbs

Bouffer = To eat Taffer = To work Roupiller, Pioncer = To sleep Kiffer = To have a crush on someone Etre vénère (Etre énervé) = To be annoyed Se marrer = To laugh

Unformal nouns

Un mec = A guy             Une meuf = A girl         Un pote = A friend       Une bagnole = A car                     Une baraque = A house             Un pieu = A bed             Un bouquin = A book Une clope = A cigarette                        Le fric, le blé, le thune, l’oseille, le pognon = Money   Un flic, un keuf = A cop               Un gosse, un gamin = A kid       Un boulot, un taf, un job = A job           La fac = University         Le bahut = High school

The above phrases/words can be used in almost every informal situation, but don’t use them in your essays or in any kind of normal writing!

[chanelbagsandcigarettedrags]

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famous french sayings ✨

On n'apprend pas aux vieux singes à faire des grimaces. (You cannot teach old monkeys to make faces.) Means: “You cannot teach old dogs new tricks.”

Chacun voit midi à sa porte. (Everyone sees noon at his own door.) Means: “To each his own.”

Rien ne sert de courir, il faut partir à point. (There’s no sense in running; you just have to leave on time.) Means: “Slow and steady wins the race.”

On ne change pas une équipe qui gagne. (One does not change a winning team.) Means: “If it’s not broken, don’t fix it.”

Il n'y a pas de fumée sans feu. (There isn’t smoke without fire.) Means: ” Where there’s smoke there’s fire.“

Vaut mieux prévenir que guérir. (It is better to prevent than to heal.) Means: ”An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.“

Autres temps, autres mœurs. (Other times, other values.) Means: ”Times change.“

Un malheur ne vient jamais seul. (Misfortune never arrives alone). Means: ”When it rains, it pours.“

Vouloir, c'est pouvoir. (To want is to be able.) Means: ”Where there’s a will, there’s a way.“

Il faut réfléchir avant d'agir. (One must reflect before acting.) Means: ”Look before you leap.“

Si jeunesse savait, si vieillesse pouvait. (If youth only knew; if old age only could.) Means: ”Youth is wasted on the young.“

[polyglottraveler]

Vocab for essays (Spanish-French-English)

I had this list in Spanish and French, and I decided to translate it into English. So here it is, a trilingual vocabulary list for essays :)

Con tal que -  Tant que  - As long as Ni siquiera -  Même pas  - Not even Por eso -  C’est pourquoi  - That is why Mientras -  Pendant que  - While Mientras que -  Tandis que  - While Mientras tanto -  Pendant ce temps  - In the meantime, Meanwhile Resulta que -  Il en résulte que  - It follows that A raíz de -  À la suite de  - In the wake of, Following A partir de -  À partir de  - From Cabe subrayar que -  Il faut souligner que  - It should be emphasized that Desde luego -  Décidément, Certainement  - Definitly, Certainly De ahora en adelante -  Désormais  - Henceforth Ya no -  Ne plus  - No longer Ya que -  Puisque  - Since, As Sea como sea -  Quoi qu’il en soit  - Either way Desde entonces -  Depuis lors  - Since then A pesar de -  Malgré  - In spite of En vez de -  Au lieu de  - Instead of Desde hace tiempo -  Depuis longtemps  - For a long time Tan pronto como -  Dès que  - As soon as A medida -  Au fur et à mesure  - Progressively   En efecto -  En effet  - In fact, Indeed Entonces -  Donc, Alors  - So Además-  De plus  - Besides, Moreover A continuación-  Puis, Ensuite  - Then También -  Aussi  - Also En particular -  En particulier  - In particular Especialmente -  Notamment  - Specially 

[xb-bi]

some french swear words and phrases. can be useful if someone asks u to say something in french bc it’s soooo hot

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Le Petit Prince - quotes 🌠

Le Petit Prince (1943) is a novel by Antoine de Saint Exupéry, translated into English as The Little Prince.

🌟 1. Les grandes personnes ne comprennent jamais rien toutes seules, et c’est fatigant, pour les enfants, de toujours et toujours leur donner des explications.

Grown-ups never understand anything by themselves, and it is tiresome for children to be always and forever explaining things to them.

🌟 2. Quand le mystère est trop impressionnant, on n’ose pas désobéir.

When a mystery is too overpowering, one dare not disobey.

🌟 3. La preuve que le petit prince a existé c’est qu’il était ravissant, qu’il riait, et qu’il voulait un mouton. Quand on veut un mouton, c’est la preuve qu’on existe.

The proof that the little prince existed is that he was charming, that he laughed, and that he was looking for a sheep. If anybody wants a sheep, that is a proof that he exists.

🌟 4. Mais les graines sont invisibles. Elles dorment dans le secret de la terre jusqu’à ce qu’il prenne fantaisie à l’une d’elles de se réveiller…

But seeds are invisible. They sleep deep in the heart of the earth’s darkness, until some one among them is seized with the desire to awaken.

🌟 5. Il ne faut jamais écouter les fleures. Il faut les regarder et les respirer. La mienne embaumait ma planète, mais je ne savais pas m’en réjouir.

One never ought to listen to the flowers. One should simply look at them and breathe their fragrance. Mine perfumed all my planet. But I did not know how to take pleasure in all her grace.

🌟 6. Tu as des cheveux couleur d’or. Alors ce sera merveilleux quand tu m’aura apprivoisé! Le blé, qui est doré, me fera souvenir de toi. Et j’aimerai le bruit du vent dans le blé…

You have hair that is the color of gold. Think how wonderful that will be when you have tamed me! The grain, which is also golden, will bring me back the thought of you. And I shall love to listen to the wind in the wheat…

🌟 7. On ne connaît que les choses que l’on apprivoise, dit le renard. Les hommes n’ont plus le temps de rien connaître. Il achètent des choses toutes faites chez les marchands. Mais comme il n’existe point de marchands d’amis, les hommes n’ont plus d’amis. Si tu veux un ami, apprivoise-moi!

“One only understands the things that one tames,” said the fox. “Men have no more time to understand anything. They buy things all ready made at the shops. But there is no shop anywhere where one can buy friendship, and so men have no friends any more. If you want a friend, tame me…”

🌟 8. Le langage est source de malentendus.

Words are the source of misunderstandings.

🌟 9. Voici mon secret. Il est très simple : on ne voit bien qu’avec le coeur. L’essentiel est invisible pour les yeux.

And now here is my secret, a very simple secret: It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye.

🌟 10. C’est le temps que tu as perdu pour ta rose qui fait ta rose si importante.

It is the time you have wasted for your rose that makes your rose so important.

🌟 11. Tu deviens responsable pour toujours de ce que tu as apprivoisé. Tu es responsable de ta rose…

You become responsible, forever, for what you have tamed. You are responsible for your rose…

🌟 12. - Les enfants seuls savent ce qu’ils cherchent, fit le petit prince. Ils perdent du temps pour une poupée de chiffons, et elle devient très importante, et si on la leur enlève, ils pleurent…

“Only the children know what they are looking for,” said the little prince. “They waste their time over a rag doll and it becomes very important to them; and if anybody takes it away from them, they cry…”

🌟 13. Ce qui embellit le désert, dit le petit prince, c’est qu’il cache un puits quelque part…

“What makes the desert beautiful,” said the little prince, “is that somewhere it hides a well…”

🌟 14. Dessine-moi un mouton!

Draw me a sheep!

🌟 15. Quand on a terminé sa toilette du matin, il faut faire soigneusement la toilette de la planète.

When you’ve finished getting yourself ready in the morning, you must go get the planet ready.

🌟 16. J'aime bien les couchers de soleil. Allons voir un coucher de soleil…

I am very fond of sunsets. Come, let us go look at a sunset…

🌟 17. On ne sait jamais!

“One never knows!”

🌟 18. Il faut exiger de chacun ce que chacun peut donner, reprit le roi. L'autorité repose d'abord sur la raison. Si tu ordonnes à ton peuple d'aller se jeter à la mer, il fera la révolution. J'ai le droit d'exiger l'obéissance parce que mes ordres sont raisonnables. Alors mon coucher de soleil ? rappela le petit prince qui jamais n'oubliait une question une fois qu'il l'avait posée. Ton coucher de soleil, tu l'auras. Je l'exigerai. Mais j'attendrai, dans ma science du gouvernement, que les conditions soient favorables.

“One must command from each what each can perform,” the king went on. “Authority is based first of all upon reason. If you command your subjects to jump into the ocean, there will be a revolution. I am entitled to command obedience because my orders are reasonable.” “Then my sunset?” insisted the little prince, who never let go of a question once he had asked it. “You shall have your sunset. I shall command it. But I shall wait, according to my science of government, until conditions are favorable.”

🌟 19. C'est véritablement utile puisque c'est joli.

It is truly useful since it is beautiful.

🌟 20. ‘Où sont les hommes ?’ reprit enfin le petit prince. 'On est un peu seul dans le désert.’ 'On est seul aussi chez les hommes’, dit le serpent.

“Where are the people?” resumed the little prince at last. “It’s a little lonely in the desert…" "It is lonely when you’re among people, too,” said the snake.

🌟 21. Vous êtes belles, mais vous êtes vides…. On ne peut pas mourir pour vous.

You’re beautiful, but you’re empty…. No one could die for you.

🌟 22. Les hommes ont oublié cette vérité, dit le renard. Mais tu ne dois pas l’oublier. Tu deviens responsable pour toujours de ce que tu as apprivoisé.

“Men have forgotten this truth,” said the fox. “But you must not forget it. You become responsible, forever, for what you have tamed.”

🌟 23. Mais les yeux sont aveugles. Il faut chercher avec le cœur.

But the eyes are blind. One must look with the heart…

[awesomefrench]

Filler words and Idioms

The following words are not translations even though they do translate the same sometimes. 

Um = hm  Like  = genre  You know = tu sais, vous savez  Listen = Ecoute, écoutez Really? = Vraiment ?, Ah bon ?  No way! = Mais non !  Unbelievable = Incroyable, putain** You’re kidding = Tu déconnes, Vous déconnez (slang), putain** Right? (As in, “She’s 18, right?”) = Non ?, C'est ça ? Whatever (As in “I don’t care, whatever!”) = Peu importe, je m'en fous (slang), je m'en fiche (slang) Well… = Eh bien, ben (slang), Enfin, ‘fin (slang) You see = Tu vois, vous voyez  Of course = Bien sûr, Mais bien sûr (ironic) Actually* = En fait Bullshit! = N'importe quoi !  Wow! = Non ! Waouh ! Putain !**  You know what I mean = Tu vois ce que je veux dire, vous voyez ce que je veux dire  By the way = D'ailleurs  Believe me = Tu peux me croire, vous pouvez me croire, la vérité (slang)  Not at all = Pas du tout  Definitely = C'est sûr, certainement, complètement (slang) So what? = Et alors ? Obviously = Evidemment I can’t believe it! (Ironic) = Je rêve ! On croit rêver ! Putain !** WTF! = Quoi ? Arrête ! Mais non ! Putain !**  Oh my gosh = Oh la la ! Oh mon dieu ! Oh putain ! Putain !**

_Side notes____________

*The word “Actuellement” exists in French, but it means “Currently”. As in : J'étudie actuellement la chirurgie plastique > I’m currently studying plastic surgery. Do not translate it as “Actually”. 

** Yes, “putain” means all of this. It’s only a matter of voice tone. It’s kinda like “omg”, ten times worse. 

[katherinablk]

Part 2 / Grammar

Nouns

Introduction

Number: singular or plural

Gender: masculine or feminine

Gender: masculine or feminine 2

voilà vs. il y a: devices for introducing nouns

temps, heure, fois: different nouns for ‘time’

Videos on Youtube about nouns:

Gender of nouns

Masculine or feminine?

Plural nouns

QUIZ! Masculine or feminine?

+ more quizzes: Gender, Gender 2 , Gender 3

Adverbs

Introduction

Formation and placement

Placement of adverbs with the passé composé

Comparative and superlative of adverbs

Il y a ‘ago’

Bon/meilleur vs. bien/mieux

Tôt, tard, en avance, en retard, à l'heure 

+ Adverbs , Adverbs 2 ( lessons )

Videos on Youtube about adverbs:

Les adverbes

How to form adverbs in French

Useful French Adverbs

+ quiz: Adverbs

Adjectives

Introduction 

Formation and placement

Adjectives before the noun

Irregular adjectives

Adjectives whose meaning varies with placement

Comparison of adjectives

Superlative of adjectives

Participles as adjectives

Videos on Youtube about adjectives:

Adjective Rules 

Most used adjectives

+quiz: Adjectives

Pronouns

Introduction 

subject pronouns: je, tu, il, elle, on, nous, vous, ils, elles

c'est vs. il/elle est

disjunctive pronouns: moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, elles, eux

direct object pronouns: me, te, le, la, nous, vous, les

indirect object pronouns: me, te, lui, nous, vous, leur

pronoun: y

pronoun: en

relative pronouns: qui and que

relative pronouns: ce qui and ce que

relative pronouns: dont, ce dont, où, lequel

order of object pronouns

indefinite pronouns: chacun and quelqu'un

demonstrative pronouns: celui, celle, ceux, celles

possessive pronouns: le mien, la mienne, etc.

Videos on Youtube about pronouns:

Pronouns Y and En 

QUI vs QUE

Relative Pronoun DONT

Relative Pronouns LEQUEL

+ quiz: Pronouns

Verbs

 Introduction

-er verbs (regular)

-er verbs (stem changing)

-ir verbs (regular)

-ir verbs (irreg) like ouvrir ‘to open’

-ir verbs (irreg) like partir ‘to leave,’ sortir ‘to go out,’ dormir ‘to sleep’

-re verbs (regular)

-re verbs (irregular) like prendre ‘to take’

-re verbs (irregular) like mettre ‘to put, to place’

-re verbs (irregular) like suivre ‘to follow’, vivre ‘to live’

être ‘to be’

avoir ‘to have’

aller ‘to go’

pronominal verbs: se raser, se lever, se disputer

modal verbs: vouloir 'to want to,’ pouvoir 'to be able to,’ devoir 'to have to’

impersonal verbs and expressions: il faut, il est important de …

quitter, partir, sortir, laisser: different verbs for 'to leave’

present participle

transitive vs. intransitive constructions

causative faire (faire+infinitif)

Videos on Youtube about Verbs:

Verbs for beginners 

Verbs MOST USED 

+quizzes: Verbs

Tense/aspect/mood/voice

Introduction 

present tense

passé immédiat (venir de+infinitive)

passé composé with avoir

passé simple (literary tense)

passé antérieur (literary tense)

futur proche (aller+infinitive)

simple future (regular)

simple future (irregular)

futur antérieur

imperative mood (regular and pronominal)

regular subjunctive formation

irregular subjunctive formation

conditional

past conditional

reported speech in present

reported speech in past

active voice vs. passive voice

TENSES

TENSES 2

TENSES 3

TENSES 4

Videos on Youtube about tenses:

Past tenses

Future tenses

Conditional tenses

Subjunctive

Conditional tense 2

Subjunctive 2 

Future tense 2 

IMPERFECT vs PASSÉ COMPOSÉ

Imperfect tense

+quizzes: tenses,  imparfait vs. the passé composé, past tenses

Good luck! Bonne chance!

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french expressions with “en”🌼

these french words are also used in english (mostly older english), maybe to indicate someone who uses pompous dialogue, and the sentences below are examples of the usage of the words in english. 

1. En ami (“as a friend”): “I confide in you en ami.”

2. En arrière (“behind”): “Discretion is the better part of valor, I reminded myself as, letting my more valorous friends go before me, I marched en arriere.”

3. En attendant (“meanwhile”): “I entertained myself en attendant by thumbing through a magazine while she troweled on her makeup.”

4. En avant (“forward”): “En avant, comrades. Fortune awaits us through that door.”

5. En badinant (“in jest”): “Relax, my friend — I meant what I said en badinant.”

6. En bagatelle (“in contempt”): “He glared at me en bagatelle, as if I were vermin.”

7. En banc (“with complete judicial authority”): “I sentence you en banc, as judge, jury, and executioner, to death.”

8. En bloc (“in a mass”): “We can depend on them to vote en bloc in support of the proposal.”

9. En clair (“in clear language, as opposed to in code”): “The spy’s telegram was carelessly written en clair.”

10. En deshabillé (“undressed, or revealed”): “She opened the door to find me standing there en deshabille, and immediately retreated.”

11. En échelon (“in steps, or overlapping”): “The flock of geese flew overhead en echelon.”

12. En effet (“in fact, indeed”): “You see that I am, en effet, in control of the situation.”

13. En famille (“with family, at home, informally”): “Let us now return to that happy household, where we find the denizens lounging en famille.”

14. En foule (“in a crowd”): “He had the remarkable ability to blend in en foule.”

15. En garçon (“as or like a bachelor”): “I have separated from my wife and am now living en garcon.”

16. En grande (“full size”): The bouncer approached and, with a scowl, reared up en grande.”

17. En grande tenue (“in formal attire”): “She arrived, as usual, en grande tenue, and in consternation that everyone else was dressed causally.”

18. En grande toilette (“in full dress”): “The opening-night crowd was attired en grande toilette.”

19. En garde (“on guard”): “She assumed a defensive position, as if en guard in a fencing match.”

20. En haute (“above”): “From my perspective — en haute, as it were — I’d say you are both wrong.”

21. En masse (“all together”): “The members of the basketball team arrived en masse at the party.”

22. En pantoufles (“in slippers, at ease, informally”): “He had just settled down for a relaxing evening en pantoufles when the doorbell rang.”

23. En passant (“in passing”): “She nonchalantly mentioned the rumor en passant.”

24. En plein air (“in the open air”): “We celebrated by venturing en plein air.”

25. En plein jour (“in broad day”): “They boldly rendezvoused en plein jour.”

26. En poste (“in a diplomatic post”): “Though he was a friend, I decided to send the memorandum en poste.”

27. En prise (“exposed to capture”): “He found himself en prise, beset on all sides.”

28. En queue: (“after”): “I bided my time and followed en queue.”

29. En rapport (“in agreement or harmony”): “I’m delighted that we are all en rapport on the subject.”

30. En régle (“in order, in due form”): “I believe you will find the documents en regle.”

31. En retard (“late”): “Typically, they arrived en retard for dinner.”

32. En retraite (“in retreat or retirement”): “After uttering the verbal blunder, she ducked her head and exited the parlor en retraite.”

33. En revanche (“in return, in compensation”): “En revanche, I invite you to attend my upcoming soiree.”

34. En rigueur (“in force”): “We have arrived en rigueur to support you.”

35. En route (“on the way”): “En route to the post office, she passed by the derelict house.”

36. En secondes noces (“in a second marriage”): “The community was so conservative that she found her matrimonial state, en secondes noces, to be the topic of gossip.”

37. En suite (“connected, or in a set, as a bedroom with its own bathroom”): “She was pleased to see that the room was en suite.” (Also spelled ensuite.)

38. En tasse (“in a cup”): “I’ll take some en tasse.”

39. En tout (“in all”): “We’d like to use your banquet room, please — we are a score or more en tout.”

40. En vérité (“in truth”): “En verite, I am the one responsible.”

Source: http://www.dailywritingtips.com/40-french-expressions-en-tout/

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nature in french 🌿

le paysage landscape

la plaine plane

le désert desert

le bois woods

la forêt forest/woods

la forêt tropicale rainforest

le pré meadow

le marais swamp

la prairie grassland

le ruiseau stream

le lac lake

la cascade waterfall

le geyser geyser

la falaise cliff

la côte coast

le récif de corail coral reef

l’esturaire estuary

la montagne mountain

la rivière river

la colline hill

la gorge gorge

le plateau plateau

la caverne cave

la vallée valley

la terre the world/land

le monde the world

l’arbre tree

la feuille leaf

l’océan ocean

la mer sea

le fleuve  river

le glacier the glacier

l’étang pond

la plage beach

la marée tide

la jungle jungle

la baie bay

un arbuste a bush

la nature nature

l'envrionnement the environment

le climat climate

fondre to melt

geler to freeze

réduire to reduce

réutiliser to reuse

recycler to recycle

le recyclage recycling

une ressource a resource

naturel/naturelle natural

renouvelable renewable

l'atmosphère (m.) the atmosphere

la pollution pollution

polluer to pollute

la couche d'ozone the ozone layer

l'eau (f.) water

le sol soil

semer to plant

un nuage a cloud

une tempête a storm

gaspiller to waste

l'oxygène (f.) oxygen