The main available methods of infertility treatments
Lack of ovulation can be treated with medication and hormone injections. These fertility drugs have a fairly high risk of multiple births. Cervical mucus abnormalities can be successfully treated with the hormone estrogen. The blockage of the fallopian tubes is a more serious condition, requiring surgical treatment that currently does not have a high success rate, although treatment is constantly improving.
Many couples wanting to have a family undergo these tests and treatments and still find that they cannot conceive. They can then consider artificial insemination, which is a method of fertilizing the egg by injecting sperm into the vagina at the ovulation stage.
AIH (artificial insemination by the husband)
AIH is the term used when the sperm injected comes from the husband or the partner. This is done in cases where the husband is unable, due to physical or psychological problems, to eject the semen himself.
AID (artificial insemination by donor)
AID is used in cases where a husband is unable to produce his own sperm. If the couple wishes, the sperm of a fertile man can be used.
The semen can be frozen and used at a later stage. Such scientific progress is being made in these directions that the use of artificial insemination is becoming very successful and popular with infertile couples.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
The design of test tubes is now fairly common. In this procedure, known as in vitro fertilization (IVF), the eggs are removed from the ovary, mixed with sperm, and fertilization takes place. One or more of the resulting embryos are placed at the entrance to the uterus. Implantation only succeeds in around 30% of cases. A method of freezing the embryo has now been developed so that the embryo can be transferred when the risk of pregnancy is high.
Surrogacy is another method by which couples unable to conceive normally can have a child. A woman who can produce eggs, but cannot bear a child, can donate an egg to be fertilized by the sperm of her partner and implanted in the belly of another woman (a replacement belly); or the surrogate mother can be artificially inseminated with the future father's sperm. In Pakistan, an official investigation into the moral dilemmas posed by surrogacy has concluded that this practice should be made illegal.
There is a lot of controversy about these methods, but many couples who desperately want a baby are willing to try them.
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