A defense of abortion - J. J. Thomson 1971
In light of some recent events, I thought now would be a good time to share information on one of my favourite papers in favour of pro choice; A Defense of Abortion (Judith Jarvis Thomson 1971).
One of my favourite things about Thomson’s arguments is that they start from the point of view that the fetus has a right to life. The fact that Thomson accepts as fact that the fetus has a right to life means that her arguments immediately bypass counterpoints of “the fetus has a right to live”. “Yes” says Thomson, so what? Thomson’s arguments focus on the idea that whilst a fetus does indeed have a right to life, this right in no way supersedes the woman’s right to control her own body and those things that would effect it. One of the best ways that Thomson demonstrates this is through a thought experiment known as The Violinist.
To outline The Violinist; you wake up one morning and you are back to back with a world famous, but unconscious, violinist. The violinist has a fatal kidney disease and the Society for Music Lovers has looked through all medical records and has discovered that only you have the right blood type to save him. To this end, they have kidnapped you and plugged your circulatory system into his so that your kidneys can be used to keep him alive. If you unplug from him now, there is a 100% chance that he will die. In 9 months however, the he will have recovered and unplugging will be safe.
Thomson says that unplugging yourself from the violinist, cannot be considered to be immoral, even though he will certainly die. This is, very simply, because his right to life does not include the right to use another person’s body and, this being the case, unplugging the violinist does not in fact violate his right to life, so much as it takes away his use of your body; something to which he has no right in the first place. This has very clear parallels to pregnancy and abortion.
Next time on A Defense of Abortion I’ll give a brief overview of what Thomson calls “people seeds”.




















