Puritans & Purity Culture VS puriteens
were “a religious reform movement in the late 16th and 17th centuries that sought to “purify” the Church of England of remnants of the Roman Catholic “popery”…. Their efforts to transform the nation contributed both to civil war in England and to the founding of colonies in America as working models of the Puritan way of life.”
“the Puritans were English Protestants who believed that the reforms of the Church of England did not go far enough. In their view, the liturgy was still too Catholic. Bishops lived like princes. Ecclesiastical courts were corrupt. Because the king of England was head of both church and state, the Puritans' opposition to religious authority meant they also defied the civil authority of the state.” [Second source, PBS]
“Puritanism may be defined primarily by the intensity of the religious experience that it fostered. Puritans believed that it was necessary to be in a covenant relationship with God in order to be redeemed from one’s sinful condition, that God had chosen to reveal salvation through preaching, and that the Holy Spirit was the energizing instrument of salvation. Calvinist theology and polity proved to be major influences in the formation of Puritan teachings. This naturally led to the rejection of much that was characteristic of Anglican ritual at the time, these being viewed as “popish idolatry.” In its place the Puritans emphasized preaching that drew on images from scripture and from everyday experience. Still, because of the importance of preaching, the Puritans placed a premium on a learned ministry. The moral and religious earnestness that was characteristic of Puritans was combined with the doctrine of predestination inherited from Calvinism to produce a “covenant theology,” a sense of themselves as the elect chosen by God to live godly lives both as individuals and as a community.” [First source.]
They fled from England to the American colonies due to the crown’s pressing for conformity; they went to America for religious freedom (ironic given the prostelatization and attempt to force the whole of England).
“The Puritans believed God had chosen a few people, "the elect," for salvation. The rest of humanity was condemned to eternal damnation. But no one really knew if he or she was saved or damned; Puritans lived in a constant state of spiritual anxiety, searching for signs of God's favor or anger. The experience of conversion was considered an important sign that an individual had been saved. Faith, not works, was the key to salvation. But it was not only individual salvation that mattered; the spiritual health and welfare of the community as a whole was paramount as well, for it was the community that honored and kept the covenant. Over time this religious fervor diminished. Scholars disagree about when and why this happened. The Puritans themselves found it difficult to maintain a society in a state of creative uncertainty.” [PBS]
[Psy] “Our Puritan ancestors who came to the New World in 1620 were in many respects the product of their own time. They understood that the Jamestown Colony of 1607 almost failed due to social and political order breakdown. The early Puritan authoritarianism was partly an attempt to avoid the mistakes that almost destroyed Jamestown. As a result, punishments were swift, decisive, and cruel, as though meted out by a military tribunal.
This creativity, however, was not reflected in their attitudes toward art and literature. They regarded art and literature as competing with the Bible for the hearts and souls of Puritan parishioners. Puritan preachers enjoyed the privilege of writing poetry and then converting their poems into sermons that supported biblical truths. Human creativity among commoners, unless for some functional purpose, was more likely to be viewed as highly suspicious, even satanic, and deserving of extreme punishments.
The attitude toward women in Puritan societies was also derived primarily from the Bible. They believed Eve’s sin in the Garden of Eden had caused the biblical fall, and all of humanity was atoning for her transgressions. As a result, a woman in Puritan societies had stature only if she was married to a socially prominent, wealthy male member of her community.
The poor were viewed with equal disdain and hypocrisy. In the Puritan mind, wealth was a sign that someone was a member of the Elect and was destined for salvation. Conversely, the Puritans viewed the poor, including beggars and the homeless, as members of the Damned who were excluded from salvation. Hence, the poor were also among the first to be imprisoned and executed during witch hunts.
Another defining characteristic of the Puritans is that they had no qualms about intermixing church and state into a rigidly theocratic form of government. These theocracies could not be challenged or questioned in any way. Their leaders were considered the earthly reflection of God’s standards of moral behavior. Laws based on a scripture provided ironclad protection for Puritan leaders and their views.
The Puritans also insisted on the freedom to practice their religious beliefs. However, they denied other religions similar freedoms. Like all theocracies, they established a “dominant religion,” in their case based mostly on the Old Testament, and that religion often set out to destroy all competitors. The Quakers suffered greatly at their hands, as did any other religious sect that held different beliefs.
How does modern America reflect the thinking of our Puritan ancestors? Here are a few general observations my students suggested with very little prompting.
Book banning and burnings are back in vogue, and librarians and teachers are subjected to threats against their lives if they teach unacceptable subjects. The rationale for these threats is often deeply ingrained in the Bible's language, usually the Old Testament.
The Puritans largely ignored the New Testament’s message of love, tolerance, and mercy as it is today. Christ’s role in modern theocracies has been diminished even further, and his message is often relegated to that of an unwanted interloper.
The arts and literature have been gradually pushed to the very edges or even excluded from many modern K-12 and university-level curriculums. Literary classics have also been banished from classrooms and their authors silenced.
The roles of women in marriage and society are once again under attack. Some state governments are even debating what tests might be used to determine whether or not a woman is pregnant.
The separation of church and state is clearly under assault. Meanwhile, theocratic thinking reminiscent of earlier Puritan authoritarianism is increasingly common.
Today's poor and homeless are often subject to abuse and condemnation, much as in earlier Puritan communities. Some homeless have been attacked and killed simply for living on the streets, the only available place. Simultaneously, income inequality has escalated to the point where the poor comprise a growing percentage of the nation’s population.
As was the case with their seventeenth-century predecessors, today’s Puritans are determined, or so it seems, to take control of our private lives.
As the Europeans would say, “There go those Puritans again.””
“The Scarlet Letter” is a literature classic that shows the hypocracy and rigidness of that society through the main character and her relationships.
is a Christian practice that defines one’s spiritual value by their purity. That purity doesn’t only include physical sexual interactions, it includes thoughts/desires/fantasies/wet dreams (thought crimes; thinking = doing), masturbation, porn consumption, clothing, and otherwise benign behavior of everyone of any age. Of course, any consideration around queerness isn’t included (and if it is, it’s largely in a derogatory sense).
A deep need to self police and also police others around oneself is very strong and begun very young.
It’s an impossible ideal to reach and specifications vary between groups, but it is easily seen in popular culture in victim blaming/rape culture, shaming literal toddlers for what they’re dressed into, policing girls’ bodies through school dress codes, and the view that teen boys and men are these sexual, hungry creatures that need external sources (church and threat of eternal damnation) to keep them in control and that marriage fixes all that. It includes the justifiably disparaged practice of a teen girl promising herself to her father through a purity ring; that she’ll stay pure for her future husband and that’s her value and gift to him, as she is “subservient” to whomever the man of the household she resides in is (being her father or husband). To wait for sex (and desire etc) for marriage is to bless your marriage to be successful and good, and to not do that means you’d doom yours. Girls and women must protect others and not themselves by covering up and avoiding acting and dressing “desirable” so as not to make others, including their own relatives, “stumble” (what is called a women and girls “respecting themselves”), and boys and men are predatory in nature and they must be tolerated, and if they harm you, it’s you’re fault and you’re value is lesser either way.
Indeed, the body, especially a woman’s, is dangerous to yourself and those around you, and your value is in what you don’t do. It sexualizes everyone including children, and to be part of a sexual interaction (outside marriage), a piece of them is now gone and they’ve been degraded. Religious leaders teach with a rose, telling especially the girls that everyone they have sex with will pick a petal and so eventually, their future husband will get a, frankly, shitty little Rose nobody would want. Or if especially a girl has been assaulted, that’s dog poop in the icecream and no, the icecream doesn’t want to be unappetising, but it’s still become so.
This is abstinence only teaching, instead of any sort of education of consent and sex because that would somehow “taint” the childrens’ minds and make them sin (consent and sex can and is able to be taught very age appropriately i.e. “I don’t want a hug,” and despite the evidence that education is 1-protection and 2-it’s the educated who initiate sex later and have a reduction of sexual risk behaviors) which deprives people of very important health information and even partner interactions.
That abstinence glorification and framework—if I only take part in the Good Things, then I’ll be good and righteous and worthy of His love and others’ approval—not only forces a poor relationship with sex and one’s body, skewing one’s sense of themselves (as single adults, damned if they look for a partner, damned if they don’t, and jumping into marriage even if they’re terrified of how to engage in intimacy and sex), but the mentality can lead to conditions such as anorexia. Many after marriage, have a difficult time with that “switch” of what they’re suddenly now allowed to do, especially when it’s so ingrained in them that it affects their sexual ability or performance.
Un-Religiously’s video: Purity Culture: A Deep Dive into Fear, Control and Identity lays it out well. It’s an hour so of course it goes into further detail.
along with “antis,” “nazis,” “bookburners,” “censorists” and other appropriated terms are what a certain community of people on the internet, especially in fandom, call people who speak out against the normalization, sexualization, glorification, sensationalization, fetishization and romanticization of different abuses and rape (incest, rape, abuse, necrophilia, zoophilia, and pedophilia) that’s prominent in the community’s art, and to want those abuses to be represented respectfully in art.
They accuse people of “kidifying” fandom, being “anti kink” and “sex negative” for wanting the basic consent of being able to choose what to interact with which includes seeing nsfw fanwork (which is commonly posted without adequate warnings and in non-nsfw areas) and of course, the above. They tokenise victims that agree with them (a coping mechanism does not equate to healthy/productive nor acceptable to plaster accessibly online), weaponise victimhood, and victim blame and harass those that they don’t like and/or that disagree with them. They call themselves “proship” due to their rhetoric and recruitment that “they just don’t believe anyone should be harassed for what they ship :),” but due to their behavior, are called “proshit” and “prononcon” by those outside of and critical of the community. They also call themselves a “movement”… which inspires concern as to their intentions.
The prononcons are not being accused of thought crimes, as encouraging rape and abuse through romanticization, etc etc of it is action. As is attacking victims of that abuse who inform them that the way they chose to portray that abuse is abhorrent, harassing people who also speak up, and harboring self proclaimed pedophiles. Making art of things such as pedophilia is actually a crime in some countries, and it’s not “book burning” or “censorship” to keep grooming material and material that encourages those urges from availability.
But that community believes all art is inconsequential due to “no real people being involved” even if it’s Real Person Fiction because the depictions are all made up (despite that person(s) not consenting to the depiction which is often nsfw), and also despite visual valency (we are automatically impacted by what we take in through our senses) and that the most common csam image is the cartoon Coppertones logo (people escalate and porn sites seem to speed that).
Nor are they being told not to make nsfw art, just to be respectful about it which includes correct and accessible labelling, publishing it in areas designated for that pornographic content, and respecting victims eVeN iF tHeYrE nOt ReAl because representation matters (especially when we’re all stuck in rape culture anyway).