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F321 Moles
Key Definitions
Amount of Substance (n) = measured in moles (mol), a quantity used by chemists to count atoms.
Molar Mass (gmol-1) = mass per mole of a substance.
Empirical Formula = simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
Molecular Formula = actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
F321 Atoms
Key Definitions
Isotope = an atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons and a different mass.
Relative Isotopic Mass = weighted mean mass of the isotopes of an element compared to 1/12 of Carbon-12
Relative Atomic Mass (Ar) = weighted mean mass of atoms of an element compared to 1/12 of Carbon-12
*Relative Molecular Mass (Mr) = e.g use for Cl2, CO2 (simple molecules) - mean mass of a molecule compared to 1/12 of Carbon-12
*Relative Formula Mass (Mr) = e.g use for NaCl (compounds with giant structures) - relative mass of an ion or an ionic compound compared to 1/12 of Carbon-12
*to calculate Mr you add together all the relative atomic masses (Ar) for all the atoms in a molecule/ion/ionic compound.
Key Notes: > The mass of an electron is 1/2000 and it has a negative charge.
> The mass of a proton is 1 and it has a positive charge.
> The mass of a neutron is 1 and it has a neutral or no charge.