TDOV: historical trans men
For literal CENTURIES there have been records of men who had jobs, property, and wives–and then who were discovered upon death to be “biologically female.” Despite the fact that most of them lived full-time as men, historians tend to assume they were simply lesbians who wanted to safely be with women.
Trans women throughout history are simply easier to spot. A “man” wanting to present as feminine has always been much more against the status quo, meanwhile there have always been plenty of objectively useful things about “pretending” to be a man in most societies. So trans men slip under the radar, assumed to either be lesbians or just women who wanted to be respected like men, and many cis people today ONLY know that trans women exist. But we’ve always existed, too.
So here are five trans men, all born no later than 1900–as proof that not only have we existed, but we’ve thrived in the background long before we even had a community–whom you may have never heard of.
1. Alan Hart (1890 - 1962)
Alan likely knew that he was, in fact, a man, as early as 5 years old. While his mother believed his “desire to be a boy” was foolish, his grandparents were both extremely supportive and in fact referred to him as their grandson around the time that they died in 1921. He attended the Stanford school of Medicine and went on to become a doctor, at the time being forced to present as female. However, in 1917 he became the first transgender man in the U.S. to undergo SRS–which at the time was a mere hysterectomy and gonadectomy–and legally changed his name.
Alan spent the following decades in research and postgraduate work, obtaining masters degrees in radiology and public health, even becoming Directors at multiple hospitals and a medical adviser in WWII. Much of his career was dedicated to tuberculosis research, and he helped pioneer the use of x-rays in screening for TB. He was an extremely notable doctor in the field. Alongside his medical journals, he also published a number of fictional short stories and novels.
He died of heart failure, and his ashes were spread over Puget Sound as per his will.
2. Karl M. Baer (1885 - 1956)
Coincidentally a precedent to Alan Hart’s transition surgeries in Germany, Karl was one of the first trans people to ever undergo SRS and even gain full legal recognition of his true gender. As a Jewish man he was also part of the Zionist movement, and before officially transitioning in 1906 he was a social worker and sufragette, campaigning heavily for women’s rights.
Karl became well known as a reformist author and in the Jewish community. He also co-wrote a semi-autobiographical novel about the struggles of growing up transgender and/or intersex in a binarist society called “Memoirs of a Man’s Maiden Years.” While originally published in 1907 in German, an English translation exists today, having been published in 2005.
Karl spent one of the last decades of his life as an accountant until going blind, and nothing is documented for about the last 6 years of his life. He was buried in the Kiryat-Shaul cemetery in Tel Aviv.
3. Albert Cashier (1843 - 1915)
Born in Ireland, Albert began presenting as male at a relatively young age under encouragement of his step-father in order to find work. Around 1862, he had moved to the U.S. and joined the Union army for the Civil War. His regiment, the 95th Illinois, fought in about 40 battles before being mustered out.
He of couse continued to live as a man after the war, spending over 40 years living in the same house in Saunemin, Illinois, and working several jobs. In 1910 he was hit by a car that broke his leg, and was soon moved to a Soldier and Sailors home. He lived there for 3 years before his mind deteriorated and was then moved to a hospital, where he died two years later at the ripe old age of 71. He was buried wearing his uniform from the Civil War.
4. Victor Barker (1895 - 1960)
Victor began presenting as a man around age 28, after already having had 2 husbands and 2 children. Beforehand he’d also joined the Women’s Royal Air Force in Britain. He left his second husband and began a relationship with a woman named Elfrida Haward, whom he married in Brixton.
Later while living in London, he was accidentally invited to join the National Fasciti (the letter was meant to reach a different Colonel Barker), and joined because of its macho reputation. He stayed for a year before facing a trial on the charge of a forged firearms certificate, and then owned a restaurant under the name Leslie Ivor Victor Gauntlett Bligh Barker. Another year later, he went bankrupt, and was then arrested for failing to appear in court.
After spending time in a women’s prison and eventually being released, Victor went under the alias John Hill. In 1934 he was arrested again, this time for theft. And again in 1937. The name Colonel Barker seems to be recurring throughout his life of crime and pseudonyms, so it’s evident that’s his chosen identity.
However, he died while using the alias Geoffrey Norton, and was buried in an unmarked grave in a Kessingland churchyard.
5. Charley Parkhurst (1812 - 1879)
Charley lived in an orphanage almost from infancy, and ran away at age 12, already taking his chosen name and presenting as a boy. He soon began working as a stable hand and stayed there for several years, and in that time learned how to drive a stagecoach as well.
Soon after the Gold Rush, Charley traveled to California by boat to seek wealth. He began working for the California Stage Company and became known as one of the finest stagecoach drivers on the West Coast–and with that, along with having been kicked in the eye by a horse, gained the nicknames “One-eyed Charley” and “Six-Horse Charley.”
When railroads started cutting into the stagecoach business, Charley retired and spent the next 15 years doing farmwork. Not very much is known about his personal/romantic life other than that he gave birth at some point. Only after he died of tongue cancer was this–or even his biological sex–discovered by anyone in his community.