DigiNerve

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Discover the best books for Biochemistry to ace your NEET PG exam. Explore top study resources that cover all essential topics.

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Discover the top anatomy books recommended for MBBS and NEET PG preparation in 2025. Enhance your learning with expert-recommended resources

Anatomy is a fundamental subject in both MBBS and NEET PG preparation. Whether you’re a first-year MBBS student or a graduate preparing for NEET PG, having the right anatomy books is essential for mastering this subject. Anatomy requires a combination of theoretical understanding and practical application, making it one of the most challenging yet interesting subjects in medical education.

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What is Pain Management? Its Types

Every day, many people suffer from pain, impacting their lifestyle.

It is one of the most common symptoms that people seek help for. However, many people with minor, regular pain often do not see a doctor. This is because pain is one of the most misunderstood and ineffectively treated conditions.

It is important to understand that pain can last a short time and go away when you heal (acute pain), or it can persist for months or years (chronic pain). This is why pain management is essential. We will discuss what pain management is, its types, and why it is crucial

What is Pain Management?

Pain management is a comprehensive process involving the diagnosis, treatment, and management of chronic pain to help people live more comfortably and fulfilling lives.

It goes beyond just addressing the physical symptoms of pain; it also considers the emotional and psychological aspects that accompany it.

Before beginning treatment, it is vital to understand all aspects of pain. Only then can you create the right pain management plan and improve the patient's overall well-being.

Types of Pain Management

Understanding the different types of pain management approaches is important before starting treatment. We have categorized pain management approaches into four main groups:

Medications for Pain Management: Depending on the type of pain, the healthcare provider may recommend the following medications to relieve pain:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Acetaminophen

Muscle relaxants

Corticosteroids

Opioids

Antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants and SNRIs. 2.Medical Procedure: This approach uses minimally invasive techniques to target and relieve pain at its source. Procedures and devices for pain management include

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

Nerve blocks

Epidural steroid injections

Radiofrequency ablation

Spinal cord stimulation

Peripheral nerve stimulation, which provides effective pain relief without extensive surgery, helping patients manage chronic pain with precision and reduced recovery time. 3. Alternative Pain Management: This focuses on non-pharmacological therapies such as:

 Massage therapy

 Chiropractic adjustments

 Acupuncture

 Biofeedback

 Breathwork

 Yoga

 Reflexology

 Meditation

 Aromatherapy

Understanding the different types of pain management is the first step in finding the most effective solution and creating a personalized plan that addresses patients' specific needs, helping them regain control over their lives.

Importance of Pain Management

The more you learn about pain management, the more you realize there is still much to understand. It's a fascinating topic, and students are eager to dive into its in-depth details.

If you are preparing for an MD, enroll in the Medicine MD course.

More Details About the Course

This Medicine MD course is special because it is conceptualized under the guidance of esteemed Chief Editors in collaboration with more than 200 experts in the field.

During this course, you will experience visual and interactive learning, regular chat shows, journal clubs, recent updates, MCQs, and well-illustrated lecture notes. You will also engage in patient interactions and examinations and understand essential diagnostic procedures and techniques.

To learn more about the course, visit DigiNerve!

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What is a Malignant Neoplasm? Causes & Symptoms

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. They grow, replicate, and then die automatically (the process called apoptosis).

Problems arise when cells do not die and grow abnormally. This abnormal growth of cells in tissues is known as a neoplasm, which can be classified into two types: noncancerous (benign) and cancerous (malignant).

Benign tumors grow very slowly and do not spread beyond their point of origin. In contrast, malignant neoplasms are cancerous tumors. This is an interesting topic to explore, so let’s delve into the details.

What is a Malignant Neoplasm?

A malignant neoplasm, also known as a cancerous tumor, is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and division. This abnormal growth can develop in any part of the body, including the breast, skin, prostate, bladder, cervix, endometrium (lining of the uterus), lung, colon, rectum, liver, bones, brain, and more.

Having gained a basic understanding of malignant neoplasms, it is essential to learn about the causes and symptoms associated with them. This knowledge will help you connect the dots and achieve a clearer understanding of the disease.

Causes of Malignant Neoplasm

Researchers are still uncertain about the exact causes of tumors. Generally, cancerous tumors develop as a result of DNA mutations within cells. Your DNA contains genes that direct how cells operate, grow, and divide. When DNA changes, it can lead to cancer.

Below are a few factors that can cause your genes to mutate, resulting in benign or malignant tumor growth:

Genetics

Immune disorders

Viruses

Overexposure to radiation

Chemical toxins

Age

Hormones

Smoking

Alcohol consumption

Obesity

Symptoms of Malignant Neoplasm

Symptoms of malignant neoplasms vary based on the affected area of the body. For instance, individuals with brain tumors may experience headaches, seizures, balance problems, and more. In contrast, those with colon cancer may suffer from abdominal pain or changes in stool.

Here are some general signs and symptoms associated with, but not specific to, cancer:

Fatigue

Lumps

Weight changes, including unintended loss or gain

Changes in the skin, such as yellowing, darkening, or redness; sores that do not heal

Changes to moles

Changes in bowel or bladder habits

Persistent cough or difficulty breathing

Difficulty swallowing

Persistent indigestion or discomfort after eating

Unexplained muscle or joint pain

Unexplained fevers or night sweats

Unexplained bleeding or bruising

While the above are visible symptoms, some patients may not experience any symptoms at all, or they may not realize their condition until it reaches an advanced stage.

For students preparing for an MD in Medicine, basic information is insufficient; they need to be aware of every aspect of the topic. To gain a deep understanding of malignant neoplasms, including reasons for asymptomatic cases and the diagnostic methods used to detect abnormal cell growth, enrolling in an MD course in Medicine is crucial.

Details About the Course

Understanding a complex subject is not easy, and to achieve a comprehensive knowledge of malignant neoplasms, one needs to learn it in an engaging and accessible way. That’s why this course is considered one of the most reliable resources for students.

The course includes detailed MD Medicine video lectures that cover procedures, enabling students to understand practical skills through a case-based approach. Are you eager to discover what more the course has to offer? Visit DigiNerve now!

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Top Institutes for DNB Dermatology in India

In recent years, you may have observed the popularity of Dermatology. More people are discussing dermatology treatments because they are more concerned about their appearance and skin health than ever.

But do you know that the study of the dermatology field is even more interesting than its popularity?

For those planning to pursue an MD in dermatology, obtaining a top-tier education under the guidance of the country’s leading faculty at reputed institutes is a dream goal. That’s why they must know the top institutes for DNB Dermatology in India.

Now, ask yourself if you are aware of the top institute's list; if yes, it's good. But if not, there is no need to worry about it; we have listed top institutes for dermatology, so keep reading!

List of Top Institutes

Several esteemed DNB institutes are there for those looking to specialize in dermatology, including government and private. However, among all of these, we have listed the top 5 institutes in India below.

Remember: The above list features the top five institutes known for their strong reputations, esteemed faculty, and abundant opportunities, placing them at the top. However, there are other institutions that, while not in the top five, still offer excellent opportunities for admission:

CARE Institute of Medical Sciences, Telangana

Indira Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute,Puducherry

Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore

Sai Sudha Hospital, Est Godavri

Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Bandra, Mumbai

Balabhai Nanavati Hospital S.V. Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai

Lisie Hospital, Ernakulam, Kerala

Lourde Hospital Road, Ernakulam, Kerala

Narayana Hrudayalaya of Bangalore

Hinduja, Mumbai

Madurai Meenakshi Mission Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu

Having information about the best institutes in the country is important for students who plan to pursue dermatology MD. However, what is even more critical is exam preparation so that you can score good marks and be admitted to the desired college.

We are all aware that scoring well on the entrance exam is possible because of the hard work of students and professional assistance.

To receive the best assistance, enroll in a dermatology E-lectures series created by professionals with years of teaching experience in premier medical institutes in the country.

More Details About Dermatology MD

This E-lectures series compiles topics under modules that are important from an academic, clinical, and surgical point of view.

The lectures are richly illustrated with clinical, histopathological, and surgical images to help students understand each topic better.

Also, the course covers the recent evidence-based recommendations on various conditions so that students are aware of the latest developments.

In short, this course is a complete package containing topics that are important from an academic, clinical, and surgical point of view. So, we advise you to save time searching for resources from different sites and get everything necessary for exam preparation in one place. Visit DigiNerve and enjoy the advanced learning method!

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NEET UG 2024 Counselling Schedule

Medical Counselling Committee is conducting neet ug counselling 2024 for candidates who qualified for National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test 2024.

The conducting authority will host four rounds of counselling, and MCC has already declared the neet ug counselling Round 1 seat allotment result on August 25, 2024.

And on September 5, 2024, the MCC began the NEET UG 2024 Counselling Round 2 registration. Here are the important dates of NEET 2024 Round 2 Counselling.

3rd Round Counselling (Mop up Round)

State quota vs All India Quota: With more competition at the All India Level, the chances of getting a seat are higher from the state quota. However, in some states, there is more competition at the state level, so students need to calculate things wisely.

For more in-depth counselling tips, visit DigiNerve now!

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The Latest Innovations in Spine Surgery: What You Need to Know

The field of medical science is experiencing a technological revolution. These new technologies enable doctors to treat patients with unmatched precision and control.

Spine surgery has advanced significantly thanks to the latest innovations, allowing surgeons to perform complex procedures with minimal invasiveness.

Below, we will explore a few of the latest innovations in spine surgery, so stay connected!

Latest Advancements in Spine Surgery

Technological developments in spine surgery are transforming the way physicians treat spinal conditions and, most significantly, providing safer, less intrusive, and more successful options for patients. The following are the latest advancements you need to be aware of:

Robotics: You may have heard of the popularity of robotics in other industries like automobiles, but medical science has also adopted it perfectly. Robotic-assisted spine surgery has gained popularity due to its increased accuracy and safety. Surgeons can execute intricate operations more precisely with the aid of robots.

There are several ways that robots can assist in spine surgery, from planning to guiding intraoperatively.

It is impressive that robotic systems can use CT and MRI scan data to generate extremely precise, patient-specific surgical plans. These surgical robots offer instant feedback and direction, guaranteeing that every maneuver is performed with exactitude.

O-arm navigation in spine surgery: It is a computerized 3D navigation system that scans the spine during surgery and produces images of the spine in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional formats. This allows surgeons to see the spine at every angle during surgery in real-time. This will assist in complex spine surgeries needing extreme precision, as well as in the insertion of pedicle screws and disc spacers for lumbar interbody fusion in minimally invasive spine surgery.

Augmented Reality: A notable development in spine surgery is augmented reality (AR). The AR technology provides vital real-time data without requiring the surgeon to take their eyes off the operating table by superimposing digital information onto their field of vision.

As a result, it enables more precise implant placement and reduces the risk of complications.

In addition to the innovations mentioned above, other technologies include:

 Endoscopic spine surgery

 Intraoperative neuromonitoring

Minimally invasive spinal fusion surgery

These technologies are undoubtedly changing surgical procedures.

These technologies spark curiosity among medical students and motivate them to learn more.

If you’re eager to learn more about these technologies, we recommend enrolling in a spine surgery course designed by experienced professionals.

More Details About the Course

This course is like a personal guide, giving you the key insights you’ve missed. Once you join, you’ll see how valuable it is for your growth.

The course will help students and professionals learn about the most recent methods and procedures in spine surgery by including the Ganga Videos on Spine Surgery.

You will learn about the fifty distinct spine surgeries performed by renowned and skilled surgeons.

That’s not all

The course comprises videos, lecture notes, and self-assessment questions. This course offers even more—visit DigiNerve today for full details!

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Botulinum Toxin: Overview & Mechanism of Action

Botulinum toxin is an injectable substance produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. While it was originally developed for medical use, it has become one of the most potent and widely used treatments for facial rejuvenation in the form of BOTOX.

As it is one of the safest methods to improve facial texture, cosmetic botulinum toxin is highly effective in reducing fine lines and wrinkles by relaxing the facial muscles that cause them. BOTOX makes the skin look smoother and more youthful.

Mechanism of Action

In recent years, botulinum toxin has proven beneficial in both medical and cosmetic fields. When discussing the mechanism of action, especially in cosmetics, we see how it works to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.

In the cosmetic field, botulinum toxin is injected into specific facial muscles. The toxin works by blocking nerve signals that trigger muscle contractions.

Our facial muscles often contract when we make expressions like smiling or frowning, which leads to the formation of wrinkles. This is where botulinum toxin is used. When injected by a professional, it prevents the release of acetylcholine, a chemical messenger responsible for muscle contractions.

As a result, the muscles in the targeted area relax, and the skin becomes smoother. The effect lasts for about 3 to 6 months and is not a permanent solution for making wrinkles disappear.

Nevertheless, this muscle relaxation mechanism is one of the most popular non-surgical cosmetic procedures.

If you want to dive deeper into BOTOX, DigiNerve offers an online educational platform where you can learn the technical and soft skills necessary to perform neuromodulator injections safely and effectively. Visit their website and enroll in the course today!

Enroll in the BOTOX Course

DigiNerve’s course, Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin Simplified, is a well-crafted course designed for students who want to learn about the mechanism of action, indications, and contraindications of neuromodulators for cosmetic uses.

Developed under the guidance of Dr. Rasya Dixit, Dr. Urmila Nischal, and Dr. K.C. Nischal, the course provides candidates with a thorough understanding of the subject.

Here’s what you will get when you enroll in the course:

Online video lectures: Hours of BOTOX video lectures that provide candidates with practical knowledge on developing the necessary skills.

Notes: The course provides well-illustrated notes to give students a thorough understanding of the material.

Self-assessment questions: Multiple-choice questions for self-assessment, helping students analyze their progress.

Benchmark trials: Evidence-based studies and benchmark trials keep students updated with the latest trends.

Hands-on training: This e-course is not limited to theoretical knowledge; students will also experience an 8-hour training program at Nirmal Skin and Hair Clinic, Bangalore.

Thus, choosing this e-course allows students to learn about BOTOX and its real-life applications at their own pace and convenience. So, when you enroll in this course, you know you've made the right choice. Join DigiNerve now!

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The Role of a Pediatrician: What to Expect in Your First Year of Practice

There are different specializations in the medical field, and pediatrician is one of them. Doctors specialized in this field treat newborns, children, adolescents, and young adults.

Here, we have listed the role of pediatricians for students planning to pursue an MD in pediatrics.

The Role of a Pediatrician

Children have unique medical needs that might fall outside the expertise of doctors who primarily treat adults. This is where pediatric doctors come in; they are trained to treat children, particularly during years of residency training, so they are aware of how to examine and treat children while making them feel comfortable.

Below, we have listed a few roles of a pediatrician:

Perform regular health and wellness checkups;

Conduct physical examinations;

Observe the physical, emotional, and social development of the child;

Diagnose and treat illnesses;

Offer health advice to parents;

Give vaccines;

Prescribe medication.

Things to Expect in Your First Year of Practice

After understanding the basic role of pediatricians, students preparing for or doing an MD in pediatrics might be more curious about how they will start their work after completing their studies.

So, here we are with basic information on what the “First Year of Practice” looks like for pediatricians:

After completing a bachelor's degree and an advanced degree in medicine, the first step is to complete a pediatrics residency program.

Once you finish the residency, you can start general care practice.

Another option is to enter fellowship programs where you receive additional training in pediatric subspecialties.

If you choose to start practicing as a pediatrician, it is necessary to get a relevant license that gives you legal authorization and the right to work.

During the First Year of Practice

The first year of practice for a pediatrician can be challenging. With a sense of responsibility, new pediatricians are eager to make a positive impact on the lives of their young patients. Here's what a pediatrician can expect during their first year:

Communicate with the parents and guardians of every child to discuss and share their medical history, medication, and treatment plan;

Conduct diagnostic tests;

Observe patients;

Handle acute medical situations and emergencies, such as infections, injuries, or allergic reactions;

Attend conferences to network with colleagues and learn about new research and treatment methods.

The list of tasks goes beyond the above. However, if you feel nervous after reading about the basic details of the work, don’t stress out.

Get guidance from Dr. Piyush Gupta, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, and enroll in an online pediatrics course.

Details About the Online Pediatrics Course

The course will prepare you to clear the examination and deeply understand every topic so that you won't feel nervous during your practice days.

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Managing Sepsis: Current Guidelines and Best Practices

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body’s immune system responds erratically to an infection. Timely treatment is required, or it can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, or even death in severe cases.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared sepsis a global health priority because it is so life-threatening.

Managing sepsis requires prompt identification and intervention, as the risk of death increases with every hour of delayed treatment.

Now, let's explore the essential guidelines and the best practices for managing sepsis.

Recognizing the early signs: According to the latest guidelines, early detection of the symptoms of sepsis is a must. Several symptoms indicate this deadly condition, including fever, rapid breathing, confusion, and low blood pressure.

 Anyone who experiences these signs, especially after detecting an infection, must seek medical attention immediately.

Timely treatment: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign’s guidelines emphasize timely detection and early management of the condition. Anyone who experiences the symptoms must report them to a healthcare professional and should seek medical assistance immediately.

Source control: It is crucial to identify the source of the infection. This fundamental principle involves draining an abscess, removing infected tissue, or treating a urinary tract or lung infection. It is also recommended to perform source control within 6-12 hours, as it prevents bacteria from further spreading in the body.

Continuous monitoring and care: Sepsis can cause unpredictable changes in a patient’s condition, so healthcare professionals must closely monitor the patient. Intensive care is also beneficial, especially when blood pressure is dangerously low.

For students who wish to delve deeper into the details of sepsis management, the next section is a must-read.

Join the Critical Care Simplified Course

Developed and crafted by three chief editors, Dr. Yatin Mehta, Dr. Subhal Dixit and Dr. Kapil G Zirpe, in collaboration with India’s eminent faculty, this online Critical  Care Simplified course is a great help to healthcare professionals and students.

It offers a comprehensive understanding of the critical care required to manage sepsis.

The course further includes:

Video lectures: The course covers critical care video lectures to foster a deeper understanding of the subject among students.

Notes: With well-illustrated notes, students can more easily learn about topics not covered in their textbooks.

Benchmark Trials: It also includes evidence-based recommendations to keep students up to date with recent trends.

Certification: As the course is endorsed by the Sepsis Forum, students who complete it will receive a course completion certificate.

Engagement activities: Activities like regular chat shows, journal clubs, and recent updates make learning even more fun.

To know more about this course, visit this page.

Conclusion

Now that we have discussed managing sepsis and the Critical Care Simplified Course, which can guide you in assisting affected patients, we urge you to enroll in the course now. DigiNerve has taken the initiative to develop participants' knowledge and skills to provide optimal care to critically ill patients through this course.

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Understanding the MRCOG Exam: A Guide for Aspiring Obstetricians and Gynecologists

Do you imagine yourself working in the field of Obstetrics and Gynecology? 

If so, you may be familiar with MRCOG.

The MRCOG exam is a critical one that helps you get closer to fulfilling your dream of becoming a Gynecologist. MRCOG (Member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) is an RCOG exam test that you must pass to make your future bright.

In this blog post, we’ll explain everything you need to know about how you can crack this gold-standard qualification and excel in your chosen medical speciality. 

Important tips and tricks to prepare yourself for MRCOG exams

Now before we tell you about an interesting e-course that can help you clear your MRCOG, first let us talk about some tips & tricks for MRCOG exams. These are:

You must understand the exam format for your MRCOG Part 1 and Part 2.

Practice and study either with a buddy or alone.

Don’t forget that time management is an essential skill.

Take care of yourself by eating healthy food and staying hydrated.

Get yourself enrolled in the MRCOG preparation course.

Believe in yourself and know that you can easily crack your MRCOG exam.

About DigiNerve’s MRCOG Course

Do you want to top your MRCOG examination? Of course you want that! That’s why you are here! 

But the question arises of how you can do so.

Now, what if I told you that DigiNerve offers a carefully designed online course for each part of the MRCOG exam, making it easy for students working hard to earn this degree? 

Their experts work hard to ensure your learning experience is as practical and enjoyable as possible. This is why this MRCOG–Part 1 comprehensive course is designed to enable you to pass the exam in one go. 

Here’s what else this course contains:

Topic-wise assessment questions: More than 2750+ practice assessment questions are based on multiple topics to clarify doubts. The more you practice, the more confident you will become on the day of your exam.

Facebook group membership: Those students who enrol in this course get access to the private Facebook group where they have resources to prepare for all their MRCOG parts exams.

Mock exams: There are seven sets of practice exams with 14 papers, each containing 1400 questions to help students learn every type of question that can appear in the exam. 

Lecture notes: The course also contains lecture notes of 13 well-illustrated notes for students as a way of providing them with some additional information. 

Video lectures: There are 40+ hours of concept-based video lectures supported by RCOG and UK guidelines. 

Besides these features, there’s even more that comes when you enrol in this course. 

Last Thoughts

To conclude, you need to know that DigiNerve is there for you if you are looking to prepare for the MRCOG exam in the future. To begin your journey, simply go to their website and select the course and the time frame that works for you. Now, enjoy your learning journey through this course, which Dr. Richa Saxena crafted.

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What is Ventilator? What are some common Types of Ventilators

Ventilator: Medical equipment that most people have heard about. It is one of the most common tools in critical care, often seen in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Healthcare professionals use ventilators for patients who have difficulty breathing on their own.

So, for students who aim to head into the critical care environment, learning about ventilators and taking care of patients with artificial airways is crucial.

Let’s learn about ventilators in detail.

What Do Ventilators Do?

A ventilator is a device that supports or recreates the process of breathing by pumping air into the lungs.  Additionally, a ventilator: 

Helps remove carbon dioxide from your lungs.

Provides pressure to keep the small air sacs in your lungs (alveoli) from collapsing.

The ventilator is used in scenarios where patients experience respiratory failure. When this occurs, a person cannot get enough oxygen, which can be life-threatening.

The following are the injuries that cause respiratory failure:

Sudden cardiac arrest

Lung disease

Spinal cord injury

Head injury

Stroke

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Sepsis and more.

Remember: Patients with different causes of respiratory failure require different ventilators. So, it is also essential to know about its various types.

Some Common Types of Ventilators

Pressure-limited assist control (PAC) ventilation

PAC ventilation is a type of mechanical ventilation mode that delivers a breath to the patient based on a pre-set inspiratory pressure (IP) limit. The ventilator will continue to deliver gas until a set pressure is reached, ensuring a breath is delivered regardless of the patient's lung resistance or compliance.

How it works:

The patient initiates a breath effort, triggering the ventilator.

The ventilator delivers gas flow until the set inspiratory pressure limit is reached.

The ventilator then cycles off to allow for exhalation.

The patient can breathe spontaneously between ventilator breaths.

 Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)

SIMV ventilation is a mode that combines mandatory breaths delivered by the ventilator at a set rate with the patient's spontaneous breathing efforts.

How it works:

The ventilator delivers a set number of breaths per minute (rate) regardless of whether the patient initiates a breath or not (mandatory breaths).

The ventilator synchronizes the delivery of mandatory breaths with the patient's spontaneous breaths whenever possible.

The patient can also breathe spontaneously between mandatory breaths.

Volume-limited assist control (VAC) ventilation

VAC ventilation is a mode that delivers a pre-set tidal volume (VT) to the patient with each breath. The ventilator will cycle off to exhalation once the set VT is delivered, regardless of the pressure reached.

How it works:

The patient initiates a breath effort, triggering the ventilator.

The ventilator delivers a set volume of gas (VT) into the lungs.

The ventilator then cycles off to allow for exhalation, even if the set pressure limit is not reached.

The patient can breathe spontaneously between ventilator breaths.

Above, we tried to give a basic idea about ventilators and their types; if you want to get more detailed information, including the resources, enrol in the Online Critical Care Course created by DigiNerve.

About  Critical Care Training Program

The course is designed for students and healthcare professionals to make Critical Care Medicine practices easy to understand. 

Learners will get a chance to dive into a range of critical care topics, including resuscitation, trauma management, hemodynamic instability, neurological emergencies, and sepsis management.

Though understanding the basics of such critical topics is challenging, but esteemed Chief Editors Dr. Yatin Mehta, Dr. Subhal Dixit, and Dr. Kapil G Zirpe at DigiNerve have put their best efforts into compiling all the resources that can make complex topics easy to understand.

The  Critical Care Training Program combines theoretical knowledge, case studies, and interactive learning activities that help participants enhance their skills and competencies in managing critically ill patients.

The best part is that candidates will receive Critical Care Certification Online after completing the course.

So, don’t wait anymore; visit DigiNerve Now to get more details about the course to start early.

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What is Hydrocephalus? What is the Main Cause of Hydrocephalus

Medical science is complex, it includes studying topics like diseases, causes, and treatments to help people live healthy lives. One such topic that is crucial to understand in detail is Hydrocephalus. 

So, let’s understand the basics about the subject and then we will discuss how you can grab in-depth information and study resources about the subject.

What is Hydrocephalus? 

Hydrocephalus is a chronic neurological disorder where the fluid (Cerebrospinal fluid) builds inside the brain.

Though the Cerebrospinal fluid is already present inside the brain and acts as a caution, the excess can permanently damage the brain. It puts pressure on the skull and squashes surrounding brain tissue, which causes problems with physical and mental development. If untreated, it is usually fatal. 

The condition is primarily common in infants or people older than 60. The common symptoms of hydrocephalus in infants include:

Increase in the size of an infant's head

A bulge or tense soft spot on the top of the head

Nausea and vomiting

Sleepiness or sluggishness

Poor eating

Seizures

Eyes fixed downward

Problems with muscle tone and strength.

The following are the more common symptoms of hydrocephalus among adults 60 and older:

Loss of bladder control

Memory loss

Progressive loss of reasoning skills.

Trouble walking

Poor coordination or balance.

Remember: The systems among toddlers, children, and middle-aged adults can differ.

Types of Hydrocephalus 

The following are the different types of Hydrocephalus:

Congenital hydrocephalus: It is caused by a brain malformation or birth defect that causes excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to accumulate in brain cavities, called subarachnoid space.

Acquired hydrocephalus: Usually resulting from a stroke, brain tumour, meningitis, or a severe head injury.

Communicating hydrocephalus: A condition when the flow of CSF is blocked after leaving the ventricles. Because CSF can still flow between the brain’s ventricles, it is also called “communicating.”

Non-communicating hydrocephalus: Also known as obstructive hydrocephalus, this type occurs when the narrow pathways connecting the ventricles become blocked.

Normal pressure hydrocephalus: NPH affects primarily those aged 60 and up. It can arise following a stroke, injury, infection, surgery, or hemorrhage. 

Hydrocephalus ex-vacuo: Occurs after a stroke, traumatic brain injury, or degenerative disease. In this type, as brain tissue shrinks, the brain's ventricles become larger.

Now that we know the symptoms and types of hydrocephalus, let's dive in to learn about the causes so we can understand the problem better.

What is the Main Cause of Hydrocephalus

There are two distinct cause categories into which hydrocephalus can be classified:

Congenital

Acquired

Congenital hydrocephalus is the result of both genetic and environmental factors working together during foetal development. The following are the main reasons for congenital hydrocephalus:

Spina bifida and other brain and spinal cord (neural tube) defects.

A narrowing of the small passage between the third and fourth ventricles of the brain (aqueductal stenosis).

Complications of premature birth, such as bleeding within ventricles.

Mom has an infection during pregnancy.

On the other hand, Acquired hydrocephalus develops after birth and can affect people of all ages. Below, we have listed the most common causes of acquired hydrocephalus:

Brain or spinal cord tumours

Head trauma

Stroke

Meningitis or other infections of your brain or spinal cord.

After gaining a basic understanding of the subject, let us give you a solution that will help you get more details of the topic: Pediatrics MD Course!

Enroll in an online pediatrics course.

Without the assistance of a professional, it can be challenging to find the study material and understand the basics of the subject. 

That is why Dr. Piyush Gupta designed this course for students preparing for an MD in pediatrics.

The course includes pediatrics video lectures along with other crucial resources. 

So start your journey toward a good hold on the subject, and enroll in the course now!

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Vitiligo: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

Many postgraduate students preparing for their final examinations often struggle to get the right information on a particular topic at the right time and place. For instance, there may be many different sources on different topics that many students need help gathering. 

What if a single course can provide you with complete information on every skin condition of dermatology, including Vitiligo?

Let's talk about everything you need to know about this skin condition. After that we can discuss an online course that allows students better to understand the required concepts and topics in Dermatology.

Vitiligo and its Types

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease or skin disorder that causes the skin to lose color. People of any age, caste, or color can develop this skin disorder in the form of patches, and besides that, it can also affect hair, eyes, and inner ear.

Vitiligo is divided into various types, such as:

Acrofacial Vitiligo

Focal Vitiligo

Generalized Vitiligo

Universal Vitiligo

Mucosal Vitiligo

Symptoms of Vitiligo

Do you often see people with white patches on their hands or face? Well, this is a sign that they have developed this skin disorder. But what are its symptoms? How can someone know they are having this disease? Let's find out its signs and symptoms

Loss of skin color

Hearing loss

Itching

Premature white or gray hair

Spots of patches of white skin on different parts of the body

Causes of Vitiligo

Some people have different patches of white skin, and some have a lot of white skin all over their bodies. What causes Vitiligo to spread? Well, there can be many reasons why this happens, such as:

Genetic changes

Stress

Environmental triggers

Autoimmune condition

How to treat Vitiligo?

To diagnose Vitiligo, the medical practitioner will first ask about the patient’s history and perform various diagnostic tests like skin biopsy to treat this condition. Doctors may also use a special light called a Wood’s lamp to tell the difference between Vitiligo and other skin problems. After that, the doctor might recommend treatments like medication, light therapy, surgery, medications, etc.

Now, if you are a PG student and want to learn about it in depth and gain practical knowledge, you can enroll in an online dermatology course, which would be of great help. 

About the Dermatology MD Course

Dermatology MD is a course curated by the top chief editors, Dr. Rashmi Sarkar and Dr. S. Sachhidanand, collaborating with India’s 78 eminent faculties. This e-course further includes the following:

Online video lectures on dermatology supported by benchmark/evidence-based studies.

110+ well-illustrated notes to help the students gain a thorough understanding of the concepts.

590+ self-assessment MCQ questions that can help in self-evaluation.

Different types of engagement activities to keep the students interested in the e-course

Dr. Wise's AI chatbot includes both practical and theoretical concepts. 

Thus, if you want to make your career in this branch of medicine that deals with skin-related diseases, then this course is the right one for you!

Final Thoughts

Isn't it amazing that you have the best dermatology series to help you perform exceptionally well in exams? Then what’s taking you any longer? Enroll now in DigiNerve’s MD in Dermatology course!

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What is Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV)? Symptoms & Causes

If you do not know what Choroidal Neovascularization is, this blog post will provide all your answers. Besides that, if you are a PG student, you must stay tuned until the end because we have something exciting to share with you.

So let's start!

Choroidal Neovascularization occurs when new and abnormal blood cells emerge from a layer of blood vessels (the choriocapillaris) via a thin barrier, the Bruch's membrane and enter into areas under the retina.

In other words, when any person gets diagnosed with Choroidal Neovascularization, they experience extreme vision loss as the new blood vessels that are growing are unlike the normal ones. 

The reason behind the loss of vision is that when these damaging blood vessels grow in the macula, the core region of the retina that allows us to see the world and its light, they can cause discomfort to the patient and cause painless loss of vision. 

Causes of Choroidal Neovascularization

CNV can happen due to many factors such as:

Extreme nearsightedness

Certain eye injuries

Damaged brunch membrane

Any kind of physical injury or trauma

Inflammatory diseases

Genetic or hereditary disorders

Symptoms of CNV

You may not notice at first, but many signs point you towards CNV. Its symptoms include the following:

Blurred vision

Distorted images

Flickering of lights

A blind or dark spot in the center

Change of color vision

Quick vision loss

Experiencing these symptoms might be concerning for the patients. This is why a doctor with advanced skills and knowledge must diagnose and treat them. 

Therefore, postgraduate students pursuing their final examinations should select a course that will allow them to score well, and that’s where DigiNerve’s Ophthalmology course comes in!

Why choose the DigiNerve’s Opthalmology course?

It is impossible to fully understand any topic or subject matter related to reality only on the basis of theoretical concepts. The expert Dr N. Venkatesh Prajna, the chief editor of Ophthalmology MD completely agrees with this statement, and this is why, with the assistance of India’s 55 eminent faculty, he has crafted an Ophthalmology MD online course for postgraduate students who want to excel in their examinations.

This course is great for PG ophthalmology students who want to gain knowledge of surgical, clinical, and academic skills. 

The course further includes:

Ophthalmology online video lectures, which contain over 210+ hours of videos supported by benchmark/evidence-based research.

It contains 385+ lecture notes, which are very helpful to students who are about to take their PG examinations.

You can also self-assess yourself with the help of 3550+ MCQs

What else do you get? An amazing tool that covers 130+ topics for quick learning about various diseases, their features, and their treatments.

Apart from these, the course also includes:

Dr Wise AI Chatbot

Printed Notes

Engagement activities

Examination corner section

Overall, this online course is a must for any PG student who is interested in learning about ophthalmology and the top in their field. 

The Takeaway

You already know that to become an Ophthalmologist, you need to pursue your postgraduate exams and excel well in them. However, the experts of DigiNerve are here for you to provide you guidance wherever you think you need help understanding any topic. By enrolling in this DigiNerve course, you prepare yourself for the required knowledge you need to top your final examinations.

So hurry up and join the course now! 

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Cosmetic Surgery: Its Types and Scope

Reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery are two distinct branches of plastic surgery. Reconstructive surgery focuses on repairing and restoring function and appearance due to congenital defects, trauma, or medical conditions. Cosmetic surgery focuses on enhancing appearance.

On the other hand, there are postgraduate students who want to excel in their MS final examinations. Yet, they are unable to do so because they have limited knowledge of theoretical concepts. 

This is why these students enroll in an online surgery course where they can understand the clinical context in detail. But before we talk about this course, let's have a more detailed look at cosmetic surgery and its types.

Cosmetic Surgery and its types

Cosmetic surgery is done to improve the appearance of a person’s body using surgical and nonsurgical procedures. It is completely the choice of a person who wants to do this surgery to change their appearance and reshape their body parts, which makes them unable to feel confident. 

Various types of cosmetic surgeries are happening at a worldwide level, such as:

Breast augmentation

Buttock lift

Botox

Brow lift

Cheek lift

Chin surgery

Male breast reduction

Face lift

Face contouring

Dermabrasion

Hair transplantation

Eyelid lift

Facial contouring

Facial hair removal

Forehead lift

Thigh lift

Wrinkle treatment

Rhinoplasty

Otoplasty

Upper arm lift

Vaginoplasty

These aesthetic restoration procedures have only one motive: to create aesthetic and dramatic changes to the body part where you feel underconfident. So, these individuals highly prefer a skilled surgeon with all the required knowledge and experience.

If you, too, want to make your career and learn clinical skills, it is important to equip yourself with a course that gives you a better understanding of what is and isn’t required when dealing with patients in reality. 

DigiNerve’s MS Surgery Course

Those students who want to thrive in an amazing career with a degree for cosmetic surgery must enroll in DigiNerve’s e-learning course. The course is designed under the guidance of the chief editor, Prof. Dr. Nilay Mandal, for post-grads preparing for their final examinations. 

It is a comprehensive course divided into four modules to offer a great learning experience to the students. Besides that, it involves,

Video lectures: The surgery MS video lectures involve 110+ long-case and short-case discussion videos required for MS-level examinations.  

Lecture notes: The course also includes 205+ topic lecture notes to help students easily absorb information. 

Self-assessment questions: There are 1000+ self-assessment MCQs, which can be helpful in practice assessments.

Dr Wise AI chatbot: The chatbot can clear your doubts while learning about this field. 

This course gives you all the comprehensive details required to pass your MS final examinations. 

The Last Thoughts

To conclude, any post-grad student who wishes to gain knowledge on patient management and practical students should consider DigiNerve’s MS Surgery course.

Doing so will prepare you to take your career to the next level. Isn’t that exciting? So, if you are planning to take an e-course, DigiNerve is the right choice for you. 

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What is Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Disorder? Causes & Its Treatment

Abnormal uterine bleeding disorder is a condition where a woman experiences heavy or unusual bleeding from the uterus. The event can take place at any time during the month. 

The following are a few scenarios where bleeding is considered abnormal:

When menstruation lasts more than 35 days or less than 21 days (normal menstruation lasts five to seven days and occurs every 21 to 35 days)

Bleeding lasts more than 7 days

No period for 3 to 6 months

Bleeding after menopause

It is one of the most common gynecologic problems among women. However, it is important to remember not everyone who experiences abnormal uterine bleeding reports their symptoms. 

Now after gaining the basic understanding of the issue, it is also crucial to understand the causes behind the vaginal bleeding or spotting.

So, let’s start with the causes.

What Causes Abnormal Uterine Bleeding?

 Hormonal imbalance is often the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding. In addition to this reason, there are several other reasons for the problem, which are as follows:

Fibroids or polyps (Lumps in the lining of the uterus)

Polycystic ovary syndrome ( A condition when cysts grow on the ovaries)

Miscarriage

Ovulatory dysfunction

Ectopic pregnancy

Blood clotting disorders

Use of contraceptives 

Remember, this list is not exhaustive. The specific cause of AUB can vary depending on individual factors. This is why the importance of a gynecologist cannot be overstated. They can perform a comprehensive examination, analyze patients' medical history, and potentially recommend tests to pinpoint the exact cause of AUB.

Treatment of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding 

Medication

The treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding depends on the cause and the patient's situation. However, drugs are usually the first thing your doctor will try.

For instance, if the cause behind the bleeding is hormonal imbalance, a gynecologist may suggest taking birth control pills.  It is a common option for those not trying to conceive or in perimenopause.

But for women trying to conceive or avoid hormone side effects, the following medications are used instead of hormones:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Tranexamic acid

Procedure

Intrauterine device (IUD): This is a common practice where a device is inserted inside the woman's uterus to prevent pregnancy. And there is one such type of it that releases hormones and is used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding.

Remember: Sometimes, IUDs can be the cause of abnormal bleeding. So, consult with your gynecologist if you experience something like this.

Dilation and curettage (D&C): This procedure involves stretching the cervix to allow the surgeon to place a surgical instrument inside the uterus and scrape away the lining. Its best part is that it stops heavy bleeding and helps identify and treat the bleeding's cause.

Endometrial ablation:  If bleeding continues after a D and C, this procedure that destroys or removes the lining of the uterus through the use of a laser, heat, electricity, microwave energy, or freezing can often help control bleeding. 

Remember: In some women, it causes scarring of the endometrium (Asherman syndrome); scarring can cause menstrual bleeding to stop (amenorrhea) and make biopsy of the endometrium difficult later.

If the problem persists, uterus removal is the next option.

After reading the above information, you might get an idea about the subject's complexity. That is why it is important for students preparing for university examinations to have an in-depth knowledge of each method and the best clinical practices.

However, sometimes, it can be tough for students to access the resources and understand the topics in detail. 

But here’s the solution, enroll in an obgyn md course created by Dr. Aswath Kumar Raghu, the Chief Editor of OBGYN MD. 

About the OBG course Offered by DigiNerve

If you aim to become an MD in obstetrics and gynecology, this course is best for you. During the course, students are encouraged to learn based on concepts and approaches that cater to their individual learning needs.

Over the course, you will access a variety of materials including online video lectures on OBGYN, lecture notes, MCQs for self-assessment, and more.

So, visit DigiNerve now and register for the OBGYN MD course.