The City of God - by St. Augustine - Introduction - Lesson 1 Augustine's City of God: A Journey Through Western Thought The Crisis That Sparked a Masterpiece In 410 AD, the unthinkable happened: Rome, the eternal city, was sacked. Christians became the scapegoats, accused of weakening the empire with their new religion. Augustine's response wasn't a simple rebuttal—it was a monumental 15-year undertaking that would reshape how we understand human history. A Work of Staggering Scale City of God stands as the largest single work with one coherent theme to survive from the ancient world. Augustine organized his response into 22 distinct books (think massive sections, not chapters), ultimately producing over 1,000 pages of sustained philosophical and theological argument. The dedication required—15 years of focused work on one project—is remarkable by any standard. Understanding the Structure Augustine provides us with a roadmap. The work divides into two major parts: Books 1-10: The Defense - Augustine cleverly uses Roman history and philosophy against itself, demonstrating that Rome's problems existed long before Christianity arrived. Books 11-22: The Vision - Augustine shifts from defense to offense, presenting his grand narrative of human history as the story of two cities: the earthly city built on love of self, and the heavenly city built on love of God. More Than Just a Debate Despite being called "Against the Pagans," the word "pagan" appears only seven times in nearly 300,000 Latin words. This reveals Augustine's true purpose: he wasn't writing against people but for them. His goal wasn't to win arguments but to transform readers.