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use of platelet rich fibrin as an autogenous, cost effective and matrix prior nonvital immature permanent tooth with chronic periapical abcess

Snippet: Apexification of immature permanent tooth #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews DENTISTRY The combination of Platelet rich fibrin as a matrix and mineral trioxide aggregate as an apical barrier can be considered as a good option for one-step apexification procedure. http://doctorbond.in/apexification-of-immature-permanent-tooth/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

#platelet rich fibrin

Video in imparting oral health education can be an effective tool in improving oral health knowledge, which can impact the oral health behavior.

Snippet: Effectiveness of an educational video in improving oral health knowledge #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews DENTISTRY Incorporation of video in imparting oral health education can be an effective tool in improving oral health knowledge, which can impact the oral health behavior of people and community. http://doctorbond.in/educational-video-oral-health-knowledge/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

#oral health

Copeptin levels may reliably predict short-term stroke prognosis at its onset in patients with T2DM and stroke.

Snippet: Plasma copeptin in ischemic stroke and type 2 diabetes patients #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews CARDIOLOGY DIABETES Copeptin levels may reliably predict short-term stroke prognosis at its onset in patients with T2DM and stroke. http://doctorbond.in/ischemic-stroke-and-type-2-diabetes-patients/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

#type 2 diabetes

Administration of neuraxial analgesia significantly increases the success rate of external cephalic version among women with malpresentation.

Snippet: Neuraxial analgesia for external cephalic version #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY Administration of neuraxial analgesia significantly increases the success rate of external cephalic version among women with malpresentation at term or late preterm, which then significantly increases the incidence of vaginal delivery. http://doctorbond.in/neuraxial-analgesia/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

#neuraxial analgesia

Prof. Nava is a specialist in Respiratory Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine. He is also an internationally recognized authority on NIV ventilation.

Video: Clinical Case study presented by Prof. Nava on application of NIV #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews GENERAL PULMONOLOGY RESPIRATORY MEDICINE Hear Prof. Nava talk about the application of NIV. About Prof. Nava: Prof. Nava is a specialist in Respiratory Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine. He is also an internationally recognized authority on NIV ventilation with more than 130 published papers on peer-reviewed journals. Prof. Nava is the associate editor of Intensive Care Medicine and Breathe. He is also a previous member of the editorial board of Thorax. He reviews more than 10 international peer-reviewed journals including the Lancet, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical care Medicine . http://doctorbond.in/niv-ventilation/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

#niv ventilation

A new technique uses a glove on the unaffected hand to send electrical stimulation to nerves in the stroke-affected hand.

New electrical stimulation therapy may improve hand function after stroke #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews CARDIOLOGY GENERAL NEUROLOGY A new technique uses a glove on the unaffected hand to send electrical stimulation to nerves in the stroke-affected hand. Researchers report that the best improvement was noted in patients who had moderate hand impairment from their stroke less than two years earlier. The study also demonstrated that stroke survivors can effectively use technology for self-administered therapy at home. About 800,000 people in the United States have strokes each year, according to the American Heart Association. Stroke usually results in some degree of paralysis or partial paralysis on one side of the body, which can result in survivors having difficulty opening a hand. A common therapy in stroke rehabilitation uses low levels of electric current to stimulate the paralyzed muscles to open the hand, improve muscle strength and possibly restore hand function. Stimulation intensity, cycle timing, and repetitions are set by a therapist. In the new experimental therapy developed by researchers at the MetroHealth System, Case Western Reserve University and the Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, patients control the stimulation to their weak hand by wearing a glove with sensors on the opposite, unaffected hand. When the patient opens their unaffected hand, they receive a corresponding amount of stimulation that opens their weak stroke-affected hand. This puts the patient back in control of their hand and enables them to participate in therapy with the assistance of electrical stimulation. “Based on positive findings from our previous studies, we sought to determine if the new glove-controlled hand stimulation therapy could be more effective than the common therapy in improving hand dexterity in patients who are more than six months past their stroke,” said Jayme S. Knutson, Ph.D., senior author of the study and an assistant professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio. Researchers enrolled 80 stroke survivors. For 12 weeks, half the survivors received therapy using the new glove, and the remainder received the common therapy. Both groups used an electrical stimulator on their own at home for 10 hours a week, plus 3 hours per week practicing hand tasks with an occupational therapist in the lab. Hand function was measured before and after therapy with a standard dexterity test that measured the number of blocks participants can pick up, lift over a barrier and release in another area on a table within a 60 second period. They found: Patients who received the new therapy had greater improvement on the dexterity test (4.6 blocks) than the common group (1.8 blocks). Patients who had the greatest improvements in hand dexterity following the new therapy were less than two years post-stroke and had at least some finger movement when they started the study. These patients saw an improvement of 9.6 blocks on the dexterity test, compared to 4.1 blocks in the common group. Patients with no finger movement also saw improvements in arm movement after the new therapy. At treatment end, 97 percent of the participants who received the new therapy agreed that they could use their hand better than at the start of the study. Because the therapy is new and this was a single-site study, researchers don’t know if similar results will also be seen in other rehab centers. They plan to perform a multi-site study to confirm their results, as well as measure quality of life improvements for patients. And while the researchers speculate that the new therapy may be changing neural connections in the brain that control hand dexterity, additional studies are needed to determine what effects it may have on the central nervous system. The study also demonstrates that stroke patients can effectively use technology for self-administered therapy at home. “Home-based therapy is becoming increasingly important to offset increasing healthcare costs and to meet the need for high doses of therapy that are critical for attaining the best outcomes,” Knutson said. “The more therapy a patient can get the better potential outcome they will get.” http://doctorbond.in/electrical-stimulation/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

#stroke

This case report describes a case of postoperative NPPE that occurred immediately after tracheal extubation, secondary to laryngospasm in an adult patient.

Case Report: Acute Postoperative Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema as Complication of Acute Airway Obstruction #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews ANESTHESIOLOGY GENERAL PULMONOLOGY RESPIRATORY MEDICINE This case report describes a case of postoperative negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) that occurred immediately after tracheal extubation, secondary to laryngospasm in an adult patient, who underwent a minor elective orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia and its management. Acute postoperative negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is a respiratory complication due to acute airway obstruction (UAO) that occurs shortly after extubation of patients who undergo general anesthesia. Usually, this complication develops in healthy young patients, capable of generating high negative intrathoracic pressures (NIP), which is the catalyst in the pathophysiological cascade of acute pulmonary edema. Commonly presents as acute respiratory distress that requires immediate intervention. Case presentation: A 48 years old male was scheduled for an open orthopedic surgery on the forearm and was brought to the operating room and monitored with standard electrocardiograph, blood pressure and pulse oximetry. After adequate preoxygenation anesthesia was induced with 150μg of Fentanyl, 500mg of sodium Thiopental, 8mg of Pancuronium intravenously and intubation was performed with cuffed endotracheal tube no. 7.5. Anesthesia was maintained with oxygen plus isoflurane and 100μg of Fentanyl. The tracheal intubation, anesthesia and surgical procedure were uneventful. The surgical procedures lasted 90 minutes and 800 ml of saline solution was infused to the patient. At the end of the surgery, his vital signs were stable and isoflurane was discontinued. Neuromuscular blockade was reversed with neostigmine 2.5 mg and atropine 1 mg. After recovery of motor function the patient was extubated. Approximately two minutes after extubation, the patient developed severe difficulty breathing, the airway became obstructed, consistent with laryngospasm and pulse oximetry continued to show low SpO2 level. Immediately, laryngospasm was treated by 80 mg Propofol and manual positive pressure mask ventilation with 100% inspired oxygen for a few minutes. Peripheral oxygen saturation decreased rapidly and the patient became cyanotic, so reintubatation was initiated. Intravenous Propofol 150 mg and 100 mg succinylcholine were administered to facilitate orotracheal intubation. After reintubation, pink frothy secretion was observed out of the endotracheal tube. Manual ventilation and tracheal suction were repeated. On auscultation of the lungs, there were bilateral crepitations in most of the lung zones. Diagnosis of NPPE secondary to post extubation laryngospasm was suspected and so 40mg of Furosemide and 8mg of Dexamethasone intravenously was administered. The patient was placed on mechanical ventilator on synchronized intermittent mechanical ventilation with tidal volume 540mL, respiratory rate 14/min, with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cm H2O and FiO2 100%. After PEEP was increased to 8 cm H2O, his SpO2 slowly increased to 92%. After the stabilization of respiratory status, patient was transferred to ICU and was connected to ventilato. Endotracheal suction was repeated. A portable chest radiograph in the ICU demonstrated bilateral alveolar infiltrates in both lungs consistent with the diagnosis of pulmonary edema. Patient was sedated with Propofol and 20mg of Furosemide was administered. Approximately 2 hours later, the secretions from the trachea began to decrease and SpO2 improved to 97%. Further, it was decided to decrease the PEPP to 5 cm H2O and FiO2 to 40%. About 4 hours later, his arterial blood gas analysis showed pH 7.45, PCO2 38 mmHg, PaO2 108 mmHg, and base excess -2 mmol/l. Within 6 hours the secretions from the trachea disappeared and the chest auscultation confirmed complete recovery from pulmonary edema. Gradually, he became conscious, the cardiovascular status was stable, the arterial blood gas analysis was normal and urine output was of 2800 ml. Patient was weaned off the ventilator and extubated due to intolerance to the endotracheal tube. Extubation was uneventful and a chest x-ray film after 2 hour later showed near complete resolution of the pulmonary edema. He continued to be closely monitored overnight in ICU with a simple facemask at 3-4 L/min of oxygen. Patient was then transferred to the orthopedic ward in stable condition next day. Highlights: In this case, it is believed that incomplete neuromuscular recovery or residual effect of pancuronium could have precipitated the UAO and clinical presentation of NPPE. NPPE secondary to UAO is an infrequent event that can complicate low morbidity surgery. Urgent diagnosis and treatment are necessary for a favorable outcome. It is very important that clinicians to keep in mind a high index of suspicion for NPPE as a complication of UAO, when a patient develops respiratory distress and hypoxia, especially in healthy patients after general anesthesia. http://doctorbond.in/pulmonary-edema/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

#tracheal extubation

Researchers have restored arm and hand function to a paralyzed man with injections of an agent called AST-OPC1.The procedure involved the injection

Stem cell therapy restores arm, hand movement for paralyzed man #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews ORTHOPEDICS Researchers have restored arm and hand function to a paralyzed man with injections of an agent called AST-OPC1. A 21-year-old man left paralyzed after a spinal cord injury has regained the use of his arms and hands, thanks to an experimental stem cell treatment performed by researchers from the Keck Medical Center at the University of Southern California. In March of this year, Kristopher (Kris) Boesen, from Bakersfield, CA, was involved in a car accident, in which he suffered severe trauma to his cervical spine that left him paralyzed from the neck down and unable to breathe without assistance. Doctors told Kris that he might never regain the use of his limbs; current surgical procedures for spinal cord injury focus on stabilizing the spine to prevent further damage, but they rarely improve movement and sensation. Kris then learned of a clinical trial – led by Dr. Edward D. Wirth III, chief medical director of Asterias Biotherapeutics – looking to enroll patients with spinal cord injury. The ongoing trial is testing a novel therapy involving injections of AST-OPC1 – an agent consisting of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) that derive from embryonic stem cells. OPCs are the myelin-forming cells of the brain and spinal cord that help nerve cells to function. According to Asterias Biotherapeutics – the developer of AST-OPC1 – preclinical trials of the agent in models of spinal cord injury have shown it leads to “reduction of the size of the injury cavity, restoration of the protective ‘myelin’ coating on nerve cells, production of factors that stimulate nerve cell growth, and recruitment of blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the site.” In order to take part in the trial – named “SCiStar” – patients need to be able to breathe without the help of a ventilator. Though it normally takes 3 weeks to wean a patient off assisted breathing, with the help of a dedicated respiratory team, Kris managed it in 5 days. After further tests, he was confirmed as being eligible to take part in the trial. Improvements in motor function seen within 2 weeks of treatment In April of this year, Kris underwent the injection procedure, overseen by Dr. Charles Liu, director of the Neurorestoration Center at the University of Southern California (USC). The procedure involved the injection of 10 million AST-OPC1 cells directly into the cervical spinal cord. Within 2 weeks of the treatment, Kris began to achieve some movement in his arms and hands. Within 3 months, he regained the ability to engage in a number of everyday tasks, such as writing his name, feeding himself, operating a motorized wheelchair, and hugging his family. “As of 90 days post-treatment, Kris has gained significant improvement in his motor function, up to two spinal cord levels,” says Dr. Liu. “In Kris’ case, two spinal cord levels means the difference between using your hands to brush your teeth, operate a computer or do other things you wouldn’t otherwise be able to do, so having this level of functional independence cannot be overstated.” According to the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, each year, there are approximately 17,000 new cases of spinal cord injury in the United States, with vehicle accidents being the leading cause. While the researchers are unable to say whether Kris will regain the use of his legs, they are encouraged by his case and hope AST-OPC1 will continue to improve quality of life for patients with spinal cord injury. “With this study, we are testing a procedure that may improve neurological function, which could mean the difference between being permanently paralyzed and being able to use one’s arms and hands. Restoring that level of function could significantly improve the daily lives of patients with severe spinal injuries.”Dr. Charles Liu To take part in the SCiStar trial, patients must be aged 18-69, and they must be in a condition that is stable enough to receive AST-OPC1 injections 14-30 days after spinal cord injury. http://doctorbond.in/stem-cell-therapy-restores-arm-hand-movement-for-paralyzed-man/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

#stem cell

Physical activities such as aerobic controlled exercises and age specific sports may be helpful in improvement of the brain development in autistic kids.

Snippet: Physical activity in autistic children #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews GENERAL NEUROLOGY PEDIATRICS PSYCHIATRY Physical activities such as aerobic controlled exercises and age specific sports may be helpful in order to increase mitochondrial activity that can lead to improvement in the brain development and therefore reduce the symptoms of autistic children. http://doctorbond.in/physical-activity-in-autistic-children/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

#physical activity

Gastroschisis is a birth defect that develops in a baby while a woman is pregnant. This condition occurs when an opening forms in the baby's abdominal wall.

Video: Gastroschisis: The most finest and delicated management #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews Gastroenterology: watch #video:https://youtu.be/86oMGrH8PY0 #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

#medical news

Cardiovascular diseases account for around 30% of adult deaths in the 30-70 year age group, which is greater than the combined deaths.

Scientists develop revolutionary heart attack sensor #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews CARDIOLOGY Cardiovascular diseases account for around 30% of adult deaths in the 30-70 year age group, which is greater than the combined deaths from all types of cancer. An international collaboration of scientists involving a team of researchers at Manchester led by Dr David J. Lewis has developed a tiny electric sensor, which could potentially improve patient survival rates by telling doctors if a person has had a heart attack. The ability to diagnose cardiac disease is therefore of utmost concern to doctors. When someone has a heart attack, certain chemicals are released into their bloodstream in elevated amounts, and blood tests are therefore the key to diagnosis. Dr Lewis, from Manchester’s School of Materials, has worked with his colleagues and a team at India’s Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) since 2014 to develop a nanoscale sensor made from ‘few-layer black phosphorus’, a new 2D material, which was coated in DNA. The immobilised DNA binds to a chemical called myoglobin, which increases in blood plasma after a heart attack and can be detected and measured by a simple electrical test. This could have a major impact, as it is potentially the most rapid, sensitive, selective and accurate method currently available to detect if someone has elevated levels of myoglobin – the measurement of which is one of the methods used in hospitals to check if someone has suffered a heart attack. The researchers predict that its eventual introduction into the clinic could potentially improve patient survival rates after an attack. This work is the first example of 2D few-layer black phosphorus being used as a biological sensing platform. The test could eventually be used at the patient bedside, and does not require the use of centralised laboratories that may slow down their diagnosis. As the DNA used is developed using chemical information imparted to it by the biological target, it is potentially a universal system that could be applied to other targets beyond myoglobin. http://doctorbond.in/scientists-develop-revolutionary-heart-attack-sensor/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

#medical news

The US Food and Drug Administration banned antibacterial soaps because they’re not better, cleaner, or safer than regular soap.

Antibacterial Soaps Are Not Better, Cleaner, or Safer #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews GENERAL The US Food and Drug Administration banned antibacterial soaps because they’re not better, cleaner, or safer than regular soap. “Consumers may think antibacterial washes are more effective at preventing the spread of germs, but we have no scientific evidence that they are any better than plain soap and water,” said Dr. Janet Woodcock, director of the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research said in the agency’s press release. “In fact, some data suggest that antibacterial ingredients may do more harm than good over the long-term.” The ban applies to products with 19 active ingredients, including triclosan and triclocarban — two widely used antibacterial agents. There’s “extensive literature suggesting that triclosan does not provide a benefit when used in a ‘real world’ setting compared to plain soap,” Allison Aiello, an epidemiologist from the University of North Carolina who has published a review on several studies of triclosan tests, told Chemistry World. One study, published in the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy in September 2015, compared soap containing triclosan with regular soap both in lab tests and on people’s hands. The researchers exposed people to a type of common bacteria than can infect those with weakened immune systems, then had them wash their hands with triclosan and regular soap. They found no difference between the two soaps. In lab tests, the researchers also exposed 20 different kinds of bacteria to triclosan soap to see if it could do any damage there. It took nine hours to show any antibacterial effects. While that was in test tubes, not on actual humans, that’s much longer than the 20 seconds the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends you take to wash your hands. Multiple other studies have found that handwashing with antibacterial soap does not remove more bacteria or prevent more illnesses than washing with regular soap. They just work a little differently. While regular soap works by mechanically removing germs from your hands, antibacterial soap contains chemicals that can kill bacteria or inhibit their growth. And apparently that old wash-off-the-germs method works just as well as kill-them-on-contact. More harm than good The US Food and Drug Administration first registered triclosan in 1969, and the chemical has been added to countless soaps, cosmetics and cleaning products since then. But it turns out that triclosan soap is not just an equally effective replacement for ordinary soap — it may actually be worse than non-antibacterial varieties. Studies have found that triclosan can increase bacterial antibiotic resistance, affect hormone regulation in animalsand kill algae. Triclosan is now in so many products that research has found it was washing down drains and building up in lakes and streams. That’s part of what prompted Minnesota to become the first state to ban the ingredient in 2014. While more research is needed to determine triclosan’s safety in small doses, studies so far have shown that there’s no real advantage. Now that the FDA has banned triclosan and antibacterial ingredients like it, the hope is that the chemicals will stop building up in the environment. Plus,regular soap is just as good — so lather up. http://doctorbond.in/antibacterial-soaps-not-better-cleaner-safer/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

Taking vitamin D supplements alongside asthma medication helps cut the risk of severe asthma attacks, according to a review of scientific studies.

Vitamin D May Cut Risk of Severe Asthma Attacks #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews GENERAL Taking vitamin D supplements alongside asthma medication helps cut the risk of severe asthma attacks, according to a review of scientific studies. But it isn’t yet clear whether the benefits are only seen in people who are low in vitamin D, and the benefit to people with severe asthma is unclear. More than 17 million U.S. adults and 6 million U.S. children have asthma, according to the CDC. About 3,600 people died of asthma in 2013, the most recent data available. Most people get vitamin D from safe exposure to sunlight or through their diet, but some people have low levels. Low levels of vitamin D in the blood have already been linked to an increased risk of having asthma attacks. Researchers from the Cochrane Review team reviewed the evidence in clinical trials that looked at whether asthma control improved with vitamin D supplements. They examined results of studies of 435 children and 658 adults from the U.K., Canada, India, Japan, Poland, and the U.S. They were an ethnically diverse group, reflecting a range of geographic settings. Most people taking part had mild to moderate asthma with a smaller number having severe asthma. Studies lasted 6-12 months and usually involved vitamin D being taken alongside usual asthma medication. Taking vitamin D supplements was associated with fewer hospitalizations or emergency room visits for severe asthma attacks — from 6% to around 3%. Taking vitamin D supplements also reduced the number of asthma attacks needing steroid treatment. There was no increase in side effects with the vitamin D doses given. But vitamin D didn’t improve the strength of the lungs or asthma symptoms day-to-day. “This is an exciting result, but some caution is warranted,” study researcher Professor Adrian Martineau from the Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, says in a statement. “First, the findings relating to severe asthma attacks come from just three trials: most of the patients enrolled in these studies were adults with mild or moderate asthma. Further vitamin D trials in children and in adults with severe asthma are needed to find out whether these patient groups will also benefit. “Second, it is not yet clear whether vitamin D supplements can reduce risk of severe asthma attacks in all patients, or whether this effect is just seen in those who have low vitamin D levels to start with. Further analyses to investigate this question are ongoing, and results should be available in the next few months.” Commenting on the findings in a statement, Dr. Erika Kennington, Asthma UK’s head of research, says: “While this research shows promise, more evidence is needed to conclusively show whether vitamin D can reduce asthma attacks and symptoms. With so many different types of asthma it could be that vitamin D may benefit some people with the condition but not others. Asthma UK’s research centres are working hard to discover how and why vitamin D affects asthma symptoms and if it could be a potential treatment in the future.” http://doctorbond.in/vitamin-d/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

#vitamin d

Using nanoscale technology, researchers have, for the first time, produced detailed 3-D maps of the composition and structure of mature human tooth enamel.

Tooth enamel structure and composition revealed in 3-D nanoscale maps #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews DENTISTRY Using nanoscale technology, researchers have, for the first time, produced detailed 3-D maps of the composition and structure of mature human tooth enamel. The maps show the position of atoms critical to the process of tooth decay. The team of material and structure engineers and dentists – from the University of Sydney in Australia – produced the 3-D maps using a relatively new microscopy technique called atom probe tomography. The researchers describe their work in a paper published in the journal Science Advances and suggest it should help improve oral hygiene and to prevent caries or tooth decay. According to the WHO, 60-90% of schoolchildren and nearly 100 percent of adults worldwide have dental cavities, which occur via the progressive dissolution of dental enamel. Human dental enamel is the hardest tissue in the body. It protects teeth from the wear and tear of daily grinding and chewing as well as from chemical attack. Scientists have already established that the mechanical strength and resistance to fatigue of dental enamel comes from its complex hierarchical structure of periodically arranged bundles of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowires. Potential for new treatments to protect tooth enamel The new study gives detailed information about important trace ions in the tough structure of tooth enamel. The structure of human tooth enamel is extremely intricate and while we have known that magnesium, carbonate, and fluoride ions influence enamel properties scientists have never been able to capture its structure at a high enough resolution or definition. One of the team’s key findings surrounds the magnesium-rich regions between the hydroxyapatite nanorods that make up the structure of tooth enamel. This is the first direct evidence that an amorphous magnesium-rich calcium phosphate phase plays an essential role in governing the behavior of teeth. The mapping has the potential for new treatments designed around protecting against the dissolution of this specific amorphous phase. Another important discovery was that the team could also see “nanoscale clumps” of organic material in the 3-D structure. The presence of organic clumps suggests proteins and peptides occur in disparate patterns throughout the enamel, rather than all along the nanorod interfaces, as was previously thought. http://doctorbond.in/tooth-enamel-structure-and-composition-revealed-in-3-d-nanoscale-maps/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

#tooth enamel

A subset of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on anti-hyperglycemic medication is appropriate for intensive lifestyle

Research Article: Diabetes Remission after Nonsurgical Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in Obese Diabetics #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews DIABETES A subset of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on anti-hyperglycemic medication is appropriate for intensive lifestyle intervention that aims at inducing diabetes remission and stopping the use of anti-hyperglycemic medications. Study included 126 obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Before Treatment with Anti-Hyperglycemics Baseline body weight – 230.9 pounds BMI – 35.6 kg/m2 After Treatment with Anti-Hyperglycemics Lost an average weight of 25.2 lbs (10.9%) and maintained a mean weight loss of 15.9 lbs (6.9%) at 1 year. Oral anti-hyperglycemic medications are needed after failure of lifestyle intervention in controlling hyperglycemia. From this study it was understood that major improvement in glycemic control can be achieved and maintained for 1 year after nonsurgical intensive lifestyle intervention. Remission was more likely to occur in patients with shorter duration of diabetes (7% after 12 weeks), on few oral anti-hyperglycemic medications and with A1C less than 8% at start of intervention. http://doctorbond.in/diabetes-remission-after-nonsurgical-intensive-lifestyle-intervention/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

#medical news

Air pollution a risk factor for diabetes, say researchers #DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews DIABETES Exposure to air pollution at the place of residence increases the risk of developing insulin resistance as a pre-diabetic state of type 2 diabetes. Scientists of Helmholtz Zentrum München, in collaboration with colleagues of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), reported these results in the journal Diabetes. Whether the disease becomes manifest and when this occurs is not only due to lifestyle or genetic factors, but also due to traffic-related air pollution,” said Professor Annette Peters, director of the Institute of Epidemiology II at Helmholtz Zentrum München and head of the research area of epidemiology of the DZD. For the current study, she and her colleagues in collaboration with German Diabetes Center Düsseldorf and the German Heart Centre analyzed the data of nearly 3,000 participants of the KORA study who live in the city of Augsburg and two adjacent rural counties. All individuals were interviewed and physically examined. Furthermore, the researchers took fasting blood samples, in which they determined various markers for insulin resistance and inflammation. In addition, leptin was examined as adipokine which has been suggested to be associated with insulin resistance. Non-diabetic individuals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test to detect whether their glucose metabolism was impaired. The researchers compared these data with the concentrations of air pollutants at the place of residence of the participants, which they estimated using predictive models based on repeated measurements at 20 sites (for particle measurements) and at 40 sites (for nitrogen dioxide measurements) in the city and in the rural counties. “The results revealed that people who already have an impaired glucose metabolism, so-called pre-diabetic individuals, are particularly vulnerable to the effects of air pollution,” said Dr. Kathrin Wolf, lead author of the study. “In these individuals, the association between increases in their blood marker levels and increases in air pollutant concentrations is particularly significant! Thus, over the long term — especially for people with impaired glucose metabolism — air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.” Dirtier than the WHO allows The authors are also concerned that the concentrations of air pollutants, though below EU threshold values, are still above the proposed guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). As a consequence, they demand changes in government policy: “Lowering the threshold for acceptable air pollution levels would be a prudent step,” said Dr. Alexandra Schneider, who was also involved in the study. “We are all exposed to air pollution. An individual reduction by moving away from highly polluted areas is rarely an option.” Moreover, the association between increased exposure to air pollution and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases has now been clearly established. Next, the scientists want to investigate the influence of ultrafine particles. “Diabetes will be a main focus of our research, also in this context. A precise knowledge of the risk factors is crucial for counteracting the increasing incidence of diabetes,” said Peters, looking to the future. http://doctorbond.in/air-pollution-a-risk-factor-for-diabetes/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

Case Report: An Unusual Dermatological Presentation after a Trauma in a Twenty Four Months Old Girl

#DrBondApp #DrBond #MedicalNews GENERAL Traumatic asphyxia is a rare condition that is caused when there is a sudden trauma to the thorax area and this could present with facial and dermatological manifestation. The study presented a case report of a twenty four months old girl who was involved in a motor vehicle accident and despite not sustaining any organ injury, she presented with multiple facial petechiae mainly on the face and the neck and bilateral conjunctival haemorrhage and subconjunctival oedema. She was treated conservatively with mainly adequate oxygen supply to maintain good perfusion and increased oral fluid intake. The dermatological manifestation such as skin petechiae as well as conjunctival bleeding and oedema persisted for 48 hours post trauma. Fifteen days after discharge the skin petechiae and conjunctival haemorrhage had disappeared. Predicted Causes: Sever traumatic asphyxia. The mechanism is thought to be caused as a sudden increase of thorax pressure. The increase in the pressure of the mediastinum is transmitted to the superior vena cava. This back pressure causes blood stasis in the neck vein and capillaries and ultimately their rupture producing petechial and haemorrhage under the skin, mucosal layer and conjunctiva. The majority of the patients with traumatic asphyxia have good prognosis and the dermatological manifestations usually disappear within few days. http://doctorbond.in/case-report-an-unusual-dermatological-presentation-after-a-trauma-in-a-twenty-four-months-old-girl/ #AppForDoctors #drbondnews #DoctorsApp

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