B P International

International publishing organization that publishes textbooks, atlases, monographs, e-books, reference books in scientific, technical, and medical areas.  

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Observation of Air Quality in Iraq during March, 2026 | Chapter 8 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 6

Climate change in Iraq is exacerbating environmental, security, political, and economic challenges, with rising temperatures, prolonged drought, declining rainfall, desertification, salinisation, and increased dust storms significantly undermining the agricultural sector. This study investigates air quality in Iraq during March 2026 by analysing major air pollutants, including Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂), Ground-level Ozone (O₃), Particulate Matter (PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂). The study focuses on three Iraqi governorates: Duhok (north), Baghdad (central), and Basra (south), to compare spatial variations in air quality index (AQI) values.

Daily air quality data were recorded from March 1 to March 31, 2026. The collected data were analysed and presented graphically to compare pollutant levels among the three regions. Air quality levels were classified according to the AQI scale: Good (0–50), Moderate (51–100), Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (101–150), Unhealthy (151–200), Very Unhealthy (201–300), and Hazardous (>300).

The results indicate that pollution levels varied across regions and pollutants. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) reached a moderate level in Baghdad on March 19, while Ground-level Ozone (O₃) reached a moderate level in Duhok on March 2. Particulate matter showed the highest pollution levels in Basra, where PM₁₀ reached an unhealthy level on March 10, and PM₂.₅ reached a very unhealthy level on March 22. In contrast, Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂) levels in Baghdad remained within the good category. Overall, this study highlights the critical need for strengthened environmental policies and sustained monitoring efforts to reduce air pollution and safeguard public health in Iraq.

Author(s) Details

Saad M. Potrous Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basra, Iraq.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v6/7487

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Climate Change Impact Assessment and Mitigation Options in the Energy Sector of African Countries | Chapter 7 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 6

Access to reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy is vital for achieving several    SDGs, influencing health, climate, land use, and economic development. Modern energy services drive agricultural transformation, support productive enterprises, and foster revenue-generating activities. However, energy consumption leads to emissions of pollutants like CO, hydrocarbons, SOx, NOx, methane, and particulates, impacting climate and health. Many of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) require access to dependable, affordable, and sustainable energy, as it has a substantial impact on health, climate, land use, and other sectors. Modern energy services are also required for agricultural transformation, the creation of productive firms, and the support of revenue-generating activities. As a result of energy consumption, combustion, and greenhouse impacts from emissions of environmental pollutants such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon compounds, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, methane, and particulates are examined. Among the many pollutants that contribute to climate change, CO2 emissions have received a lot of attention as the primary cause of climate change. Special attention should be given to investments and policies that promote all three goals or, at the very least, those that improve one or both without worsening the other. This report provides a (non-exhaustive) synthesis and assessment of energy consumption rates, supply, and access challenges in Africa, focusing on the connections, synergies, and conflicts with climate mitigation and adaptation strategies. The energy supply rate of about 20 African nations has been reported in this review, including petrol, diesel, LPG, coal, and kerosene for the economic years between 2009 and 2019. As income levels rise, energy utilisation patterns shift, and access to cleaner energy sources like electricity improves, enhancing overall well-being. However, Africa's energy mix needs recalibration to balance supply, access, and climate goals.

Author(s) Details

Godsday Idanegbe Usiabulu World Bank, Africa Center of Excellence, Center for Oil Field Chemicals Research, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Eddy Ifeanyi Okoh FHN 26 Limited (First Hydrocarbon) Block W Shell Estate Edjeba, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria.

Lucia Ndidi Okoh Environmental management and toxicology, Southern Delta University, Delta State, Nigeria.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v6/7332

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Perceived Economic Empowerment through Self-Help Groups: A Statistical Study of Scheduled Caste Women in Ramgarh District, Jharkhand, India | Chapter 9 | Economics, Business and Management: Recent Advances Vol. 1

The issue of financial inclusion and economic upliftment among marginalised sections, particularly Scheduled Caste (SC) women, continues to pose a major challenge in India’s development process, including in Jharkhand. In this context, Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have emerged as a crucial mechanism for promoting socio-economic advancement and empowerment at the grassroots level. Participation in SHGs not only enables women to achieve financial independence but also helps them acquire essential skills and strengthens their collective voice within their communities.

This study aims to examine the transformative impact of SHGs on the economic empowerment of SC women in Ramgarh district, Jharkhand. A total of 100 women associated with SHGs across five blocks—Gola, Mandu, Chitarpur, Ramgarh, and Patratu—were selected for the study. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and interviews, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to assess changes in participants’ economic conditions before and after joining SHGs.

The findings reveal a statistically significant improvement in key economic indicators after participation in SHGs, highlighting their strong positive influence on economic empowerment. There has been a notable increase in members’ annual income and savings, along with improvements in employment duration. These results demonstrate the tangible benefits of SHG involvement in enhancing livelihood opportunities and financial stability.

The study further suggests that sustained efforts—particularly through targeted training and skill development programs aligned with local market demands—are essential to maintain and expand these gains. It also emphasises the need for further research and supportive policy initiatives to strengthen and extend SHG programs, ensuring continued positive impact on the lives of Scheduled Caste women.

Author(s) Details

Manisha Kumari Department of Commerce and Business Management, Ranchi University, Ranchi, India.

Shashi Shekhar Murmu Department of Commerce and Business Management, Ranchi University, Ranchi, India.

Rinki Kumari Department of Commerce and Business Management, Ranchi University, Ranchi, India.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ebmra/v1/7021

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Book of Innovation and Technology for Economic Growth | Book Publisher International

This book investigates the impact innovation and technology can have on digital advancements across multiple industries and sectors of the current economy. The evolution and expansion of the digital economy requires businesses and public sectors to incorporate new technologies in order to remain viable, competitive, and provide effective services.

This book examines and exemplifies the impact of digitalization on operational frameworks and customer interaction. The first chapter(s) focus on the impact of social media on consumer behaviour, in particular, how advertising on Instagram and the use of nano influencers affect the purchasing intentions of the digital natives of Generations Y and Z. The book also examines the omnipresence of retail mobile applications and how they position themselves to be customer-centric in the South African market.

The book also goes beyond consumer markets and critically examines other areas of significant change. It talks about and validates a conceptual framework for digital transformation of the South African public sector. The authors identify and discusses key components of the model, which include: transformational leadership, organizational culture, and adaptable governance. It also discusses and systematically examines the impact of digitalization on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SME), and how it enhances operational efficiency and productivity.

Integrating theoretical approaches such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), with practical perspectives, this book is a critical reference for policymakers, marketers, and researchers. It examines the possibilities and complexities of the digital age and articulates strategies for optimizing technology for sustainable value economic creation.

Editor(s) Details

Prof. Michael Twum-Darko

Faculty of Business and Management Sciences at Cape Peninsula University of Technology in Cape Town, South Africa.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-69006-58-3

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Sectoral Output and Employment Dynamics in Nigeria: Evidence from an ARDL Analysis (1981-2021)| Chapter 8 |Economics, Business and Management: Recent Advances Vol. 1

Background: In Nigeria, a country with a predominantly youthful population estimated at over 224 million, the capacity for growth to generate productive jobs is a pressing development concern.

Aim: This study examines the employment effects of sectoral contributions to Nigeria’s GDP and evaluates the relative labour‑absorption capacity of agriculture, industry and services over 1981–2021. It seeks to identify which sectors are growth‑led in employment generation and to inform policy that aligns growth with inclusive job creation. The core problem addressed in this study is the lack of clear, long-run, sectorally disaggregated evidence showing the employment contributions of the broad sectors of agriculture, industry, or services. Existing studies have either focused on aggregate relationships, examined single sectors in isolation, or limited their analysis to short‑run dynamics.

Theoretical Framework: The analysis is grounded in Keynesian demand theory and Okun’s law, which link aggregate output to employment, and extends these to a sectoral perspective. The framework recognises capital intensity, technology bias, and value chain linkages as mediating mechanisms that determine whether sectoral growth translates into net employment gains.

Methodology: Using annual data for 1981-2021 sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s statistical bulletin and Penn World Tables, the study proxies sectoral output by agricultural, industrial and services GDP and measures employment by total employed persons. After log transformation and unit root testing, an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach is employed to detect cointegration and estimate short-run dynamics and long-run elasticities. Estimated models control for inflation, public expenditure and lagged employment; diagnostic checks ensure robustness.

Results: Bounds tests indicate cointegration at both aggregate and disaggregated levels. Long-run elasticities indicate that agricultural GDP has the highest employment intensity, supporting a growth-led employment strategy. Industrial expansion displays characteristics of jobless growth, while service‑sector growth is associated with job‑loss dynamics, reflecting low labour absorption due to capital and technology intensity. Public expenditure shows a positive long‑run association with employment. In the aggregate analysis, a 1% rise in GDP is associated with a 0.27% increase in employment in the short run.

In comparison, a 1% increase in GDP raises employment by about 0.53% in the long run, roughly double the short‑run elasticity, indicating that the employment response to growth strengthens over time. When GDP is disaggregated, short‑run dynamics reveal important heterogeneity across sectors. Agricultural output (AGRGDP) exerts a positive and significant short‑run effect on employment (approximately 0.15% per 1% AGRGDP increase), while industry and services coefficients are negative and statistically insignificant. Agricultural GDP displays a large and significant long‑run elasticity (≈0.52), implying that sustained agricultural expansion is strongly employment‑intensive. By contrast, industry and services show small negative long‑run coefficients (statistically insignificant).

Conclusion: Policy should prioritise targeted support for agriculture and labour‑intensive industrialisation, strengthen value‑chain investments, and align fiscal allocations to maximise employment outcomes. Reorienting sectoral growth toward labour‑absorbing activities is essential to mitigate Nigeria’s persistent unemployment challenge. Future research should disaggregate services and industry to identify sub‑sectoral employment potentials.

Author(s) Details

Ololade J. Olaniyan Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD) Business School - Ibadan, Nigeria.

Rosemary Bukola Ajala The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ebmra/v1/7319

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Investment and Economic Growth in West Africa: Panel Data Evidence from Selected Countries | Chapter 7 | Economics, Business and Management: Recent Advances Vol. 1

Economic growth constitutes one of the fundamental macroeconomic objectives, which most nations, especially the developing economies, strive to achieve. Investment plays a critical role in a country’s economic growth by allowing for the use of modern production methods, stimulating innovation, technology transfer and expanding countries’ production efficiency. Both domestic and foreign generally promote economic growth in developing countries. This study examined the impact of investment on economic growth using panel data from selected West African countries over the period 1990–2024. The dependent variable was gross domestic product, while domestic investment, inward foreign direct investment, outward foreign direct investment and insecurity index were the independent variables. The data were sourced from the World Development Indicator and Central Banks of the respective countries. The selected West African countries in focus included Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, The Gambia and Sierra Leone. A panel random effect model was used in analysing the data. The result obtained revealed that domestic investment had a significant and positive effect on the economic growth of the selected countries, while FDI inflow and the insecurity index exerted negative effects on economic growth. Ghana had the most positive effect as the country recorded positive trends in their domestic investment and inward foreign investment, which exerted positive effects on the country’s economic growth. The study concluded that domestic investments in the selected countries have been appreciable and have increased the economy of the countries, but foreign direct investment inflow and outflow have not had the desired effect on the growth of the countries’ economies. Security challenges continued to pose significant constraints on both inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) flows within the region. It is therefore recommended that governments in the West African region enhance the attractiveness of their domestic economies to foreign investors by strengthening infrastructure development, accelerating industrialisation efforts, and leveraging regional trade agreements to promote and facilitate cross-border investments.

Author(s) Details

A. A. Igwemma Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.

U. Eronini Nnamdi Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.

A. Mbadugha Onyebuchi Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.

C. Ike Chigozie Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ebmra/v1/7194

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Superior Sagittal Sinus: Normal and Varied Anatomy and Associated Clinical Implications |Chapter 13 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 7

The superior sagittal sinus is the largest venous sinus enclosed in two layers of the dura mater and situated in the midline in the groove in the parietal bone. The superior sagittal sinus drains blood from the cerebral hemisphere of the brain. It begins at the foramen cecum anteriorly and ends at the confluence of sinuses posteriorly. The superior sagittal sinus is divided into three types, namely, the anterior part extending from the foramen cecum to bregma, the middle part extending from bregma to lambda and the posterior part spanning from lambda to confluence of venous sinuses.

The anatomical variations of the superior sagittal sinus are common and may involve any of the three parts mentioned, but most commonly involve the cranial part of the superior sagittal sinus. Various variations observed in the cranial part of the superior sagittal sinus include hypoplasia, which may be unilateral or complete and duplication. These variations are important for neurologists and radiologists as they may be mistaken for venous sinus thrombosis, leading to misdiagnosis and mismanagement. The chapter throws light on the normal configurations, variations in its configuration, embryological aspect along with the repercussions of the varied configuration of the superior sagittal sinus. Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the dural venous sinuses is clinically significant during neurosurgical procedures involving the cranial cavity. For surgical resection of the petroclival meningiomas, the information regarding the patterns of drainage of the confluence of sinuses is of paramount importance. Lack of awareness of the detailed anatomy of the dural venous sinuses may lead to misinterpretation of radiographs of the posterior cranial fossa and subsequent mismanagement. Therefore, comprehensive knowledge of the anatomical variations of the superior sagittal sinus is essential for accurate radiological interpretation and safe neurosurgical intervention.

Author(s) Details

Rajani Singh Department of Anatomy, Graphic Era of Medical Sciences, Dhulkot 248007, Dehradun, UK, India.

K. C. Thakur Department of Anatomy, Graphic Era of Medical Sciences, Dhulkot 248007, Dehradun, UK, India.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v7/7312

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Hypereosinophilia as a Presentation of IGH-Rearranged B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: A Comprehensive Review | Chapter 12 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 7

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) harbouring immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene rearrangements encompasses a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous group of haematological malignancies. Among these, the subset presenting with hypereosinophilia represents a particularly underrecognised diagnostic challenge, frequently resulting in significant delays to appropriate treatment. The paradigmatic example is B-ALL with t(5;14)(q31.1;q32.3)/IGH::IL3, in which dysregulated interleukin-3 (IL-3) expression driven by the IGH enhancer leads to pronounced reactive eosinophilia that may entirely dominate the clinical picture. The leukaemic blast burden at presentation may be deceptively low, and the eosinophilia—reactive rather than clonal—can divert clinical attention towards primary eosinophilic disorders, myeloid neoplasms with eosinophilia, or common reactive causes including parasitic infection and atopy. Beyond the IGH::IL3 fusion, other IGH partner genes, including CRLF2, EPOR, and DUX4, create signalling environments that may further potentiate eosinophil recruitment and bone marrow expansion. Accurate diagnosis requires the integration of peripheral blood film morphology, multiparameter flow cytometric immunophenotyping, conventional cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), and, increasingly, next-generation sequencing (NGS) or transcriptomic profiling. Treatment of the underlying leukaemia with standard multi-agent B-ALL chemotherapy regimens remains the definitive approach, resolving the associated eosinophilia as the leukaemic clone is suppressed. Emerging immunotherapeutic agents and targeted kinase inhibitors are reshaping the treatment landscape for molecularly defined B-ALL subtypes. This comprehensive review synthesises current knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic strategies for this underrecognised entity, with the dual aim of heightening clinical awareness and reducing diagnostic delay.

Author(s) Details

Sonagara Nikhilkumar Mavjibhai Military Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Rushang Mukeshbhai Dave Shantabaa Medical College and General Hospital, Amreli, Gujarat, India.

Chinmay Shrikrishna Pendharkar 181 Military Hospital, Tenga, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v7/7288

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Dieulafoy’s Lesion as An Important Cause of Obscure GI Bleeding: A Case Report | Chapter 11 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 7

Dieulafoy's lesion is a rare but serious cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, typically affecting older adults. It involves an aberrant arteriole eroding the gastric mucosa, resulting in severe, recurrent bleeding that poses diagnostic and management challenges. A review of the literature revealed that, since the original description of Dieulafoy’s lesion over 100 years ago, only 280 cases had been reported worldwide up to 2010. From Bangladesh, only two cases have been reported, both described recently. This study reported the case of a female in her mid-sixties who presented with melena. She had coexisting left heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Initial and repeat upper GI endoscopies were negative, but a subsequent emergency endoscopy revealed bleeding from two sites near the gastroesophageal junction. Hemostasis was achieved with argon plasma coagulation, and Dieulafoy’s lesion was identified as the cause of her recurrent GI bleeding. This case highlights the importance of considering Dieulafoy’s lesion (DL) in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal haemorrhage, as it can cause significant morbidity, weight loss, and may be missed during initial investigations. Therefore, DL should be emphasised in postgraduate medical curricula and always considered in patients presenting with GI bleeding.

Author(s) Details

Mamun Al Mahtab Department of Hepatology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar Oita University, Oita / Miyakawa Memorial Research Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.

Musarrat Mahtab Clinical Research Organization, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v7/7281

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Future-Proofing the Zimbabwe Prisons and Correctional Service: Strategic Foresight and Institutional Resilience in Correctional Systems | Chapter 8 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 9

Contemporary correctional institutions are increasingly embedded within complex sociotechnical, environmental, and security systems that expose them to systemic shocks and deep uncertainty, including climate-linked disruptions and resource constraints. In Zimbabwe, the Zimbabwe Prisons and Correctional Service (ZPCS) exemplifies these systemic pressures, reflecting the broader structural and operational constraints characteristic of correctional institutions in resource-limited contexts.

This study examines the growing vulnerability of contemporary correctional systems to intersecting technological, environmental, security and governance disruptions, with particular reference to the Zimbabwe Prisons and Correctional Service. Although Zimbabwe has not yet experienced widespread radicalisation or organised gang violence within correctional institutions, regional developments and the increasing mobility of incarcerated populations highlight the need for anticipatory preparedness. These emerging risks are compounded by structural challenges within the correctional system, including dependence on firewood-based energy, climate-sensitive agricultural production and limited digital infrastructure, which collectively heighten institutional exposure to climate variability, resource insecurity and operational disruption. Adopting a qualitative and conceptual research design grounded in strategic foresight analysis, the study examines how correctional leadership can strengthen institutional resilience, anticipate future shocks and enhance long-term adaptability. The analysis draws on strategic foresight methodologies including contextual analysis and scenario-based reflections to examine emerging risks facing correctional governance. This chapter advances a strategic foresight perspective on correctional governance by proposing a resilience-oriented framework for anticipating and managing emerging disruptions in correctional systems. Guided by systems theory, organisational resilience theory and strategic foresight perspectives, the analysis integrates global governance priorities with the contextual realities of Zimbabwe’s correctional environment.

The study proposes an integrated resilience framework structured around five mutually reinforcing pillars: digital integration, climate-smart sustainability, energy transition, ideological threat preparedness and rehabilitative innovation. Through scenario-based reflection, the framework illustrates how these pillars can enhance adaptive capacity, mitigate emerging risks and balance custodial security with rehabilitative effectiveness. The chapter contributes to emerging debates on correctional governance by advancing a forward-looking model that shifts institutional responses from reactive crisis management toward proactive and adaptive transformation. Through emphasising foresight-driven leadership, strategic partnerships and cross-sector collaboration, the study positions correctional systems as critical actors in national security, social rehabilitation and sustainable development within an increasingly complex and uncertain global environment.

Author(s) Details

Moses Cyril Ngawaite Chihobvu CUT Graduate Business School, School of Entrepreneurship & Business Sciences, Chinhoyi, University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe.

Dennis Nikisi CUT Graduate Business School, School of Entrepreneurship & Business Sciences, Chinhoyi, University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe.

Tsitsi Mufudza CUT Graduate Business School, School of Entrepreneurship & Business Sciences, Chinhoyi, University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v9/7294

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Urinary Electrolyte Patterns among Populations of Grand Sido and Kouh-Est: A Comparative Study | Chapter 7 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 9

Background: Urinary electrolytes play a key role in assessing hydration status, metabolism and renal function. The term “urinary electrolytes” generally refers to the urinary concentrations of sodium, potassium, and chloride. In many parts of the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, data on the composition and concentration of urinary electrolytes remain limited, especially in rural areas.

Aims: This study aimed to characterise and quantify the major urinary electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻) in two rural areas of southern Chad: Grand Sido and Kouh-Est.

Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted among 783 volunteer participants aged 5–90 years residing in Grand Sido (n = 430) and Kouh-Est (n = 353). Morning urine samples were collected under aseptic conditions and transported to the laboratory in accordance with storage conditions. Urinary concentrations of sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), and chloride (Cl⁻) were determined using standardised biochemical methods (colourimetric methods). Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test to compare electrolyte profiles between the two areas and across age groups, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05.

Findings: This study highlights significant differences in urinary electrolyte profiles between Grand Sido and Kouh-Est, reflecting the influence of nutritional factors, access to drinking water, and local environmental conditions. The observed prevalence of electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyponatraemia and hypocalcaemia, suggests a state of nutritional and metabolic vulnerability within the studied populations. These disturbances may be associated with inadequate dietary intake, increased hydroelectrolytic losses, or the presence of chronic and endemic parasitic diseases, including renal disorders and schistosomiasis.

Conclusion: These findings provide a useful reference for assessing hydration status and renal function in these rural populations. They also offer an important basis for developing targeted nutrition, prevention, and public health strategies adapted to the specific context of southern Chad. Despite certain limitations, including the absence of systematic measurement of urinary creatinine and acid–base parameters and limited information on participants’ dietary habits, this study provides important preliminary data and a regional baseline that may guide future research in southern Chad.

Author(s) Details

Abdelsalam Hassan Gogo Laboratoire d’expertise, de Diagnostic et de Recherche (LaboRedes), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Humaine, Université de N'Djamena, BP 1117, Chad.

Mahamat Alhadj Moussa Ibrahim Laboratoire d’expertise, de Diagnostic et de Recherche (LaboRedes), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Humaine, Université de N'Djamena, BP 1117, Chad.

Brahim Adoum Ahmat Laboratoire d’expertise, de Diagnostic et de Recherche (LaboRedes), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Humaine, Université de N'Djamena, BP 1117, Chad.

Abdelsalam Tidjani Laboratoire d’expertise, de Diagnostic et de Recherche (LaboRedes), Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Humaine, Université de N'Djamena, BP 1117, Chad.

Aly Savadogo Laboratoire de Biochimie et Immunologie Appliquées (LaBIA), Université Joseph KI-Zerbo, BP 7131Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v9/7285

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Active Phase Stabilisation in a Plasma Resonator Using Feedback Control and Auxiliary Scalar-like Coupling | Chapter 6 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 9

Maintaining coherence in resonant plasma and hybrid quantum systems remains a central challenge due to phase drift, environmental coupling, and entropy production. In this work, we investigate an active coherence locking framework for a plasma-based resonator using feedback-mediated phase control, auxiliary scalar field coupling, and entropy-aware regulation. The present study focuses explicitly on classical phase coherence, defined here as sustained phase synchronisation between coupled oscillatory degrees of freedom, while treating quantum coherence as a long-term target rather than a demonstrated property of the modelled system.

A phenomenological scalar field is introduced as an auxiliary control channel that mediates phase alignment between resonant plasma modes, while entropy flow is monitored and regulated to suppress destabilising fluctuations. Using time-resolved numerical simulations, we demonstrate that active feedback can rapidly drive the system into a stable phase-locked regime and maintain coherence within defined operational bounds. A critical instability threshold (“tearing threshold”) is identified, beyond which feedback control fails, and coherence degrades.

While the underlying plasma dynamics are treated in a classical or semiclassical regime, the control architecture is motivated by concepts from quantum feedback and coherence preservation. The results establish a classical coherence-stabilisation platform that may serve as a precursor to experimentally testable strategies for coherence preservation in more explicitly quantum systems. This work, therefore, provides a controlled bridge between classical resonant stabilisation and future quantum-coherent implementations.

Author(s) Details

Derrick Covington Department of Veterans Affairs, United States.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v9/6896

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A Customised LSTM-Based Deep Learning Framework for Transformer Predictive Maintenance: Performance Analysis | Chapter 5 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 9

Transformers are critical and costly components of power systems whose health deteriorates over time due to factors such as poor cooling and heavy loading. Consequently, predictive maintenance is emerging as an effective alternative to conventional corrective maintenance, enabling continuous monitoring and early fault detection.

To enhance the effectiveness of predictive maintenance for power transformers under limited Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) data conditions, this study proposes a customised Long Short-Term Memory (C-LSTM) deep learning model. The developed C-LSTM architecture is specifically designed to address the limitations of conventional LSTM networks, which often exhibit higher classification error rates when trained on small datasets and may underperform compared to traditional machine learning approaches.

A comprehensive performance evaluation was conducted by comparing the proposed C-LSTM model with several well-established traditional machine learning algorithms using multiple metrics, including validation accuracy, test accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Additionally, the diagnostic capability of the model was rigorously assessed across seven transformer fault categories, including low- and high-energy discharges, partial discharge, electrical and thermal faults, and low-, medium-, and high-temperature thermal faults.

The experimental results demonstrate the superior classification and diagnostic performance of the proposed C-LSTM model, achieving a validation accuracy of 100% and a test accuracy of 98.57%, significantly outperforming conventional machine learning techniques. These findings confirm that the proposed C-LSTM framework offers a robust and reliable solution for transformer fault diagnosis and predictive maintenance, particularly in scenarios characterised by scarce DGA datasets.

Author(s) Details

G.V.S.S.N. Srirama Sarma Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Matrusri Engineering College, Saidabad, Hyderabad, India.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v9/6804

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Geographic Information System to Study the Spatial Distribution of Pigeonpea Flower Webber, Maruca vitrata (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Leaf Webber, Grapholita critica (Meyr.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Kalaburagi District, India |Chapter 7 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 7

The flower webber Maruca vitrata (Geyer)leaf webber, Grapholitacritica (Meyr.) are lepidopteran pests of pigeonpea, which results in heavy crop loss by webbing leaves and floral parts. The study was conducted using a GIS tool to assess the spatial distribution of pests and their incidence with weather parameters (temperature and rainfall) to develop risk assessment maps for precise pest management. It was employed to know the spatial distribution of pests across the Kalaburagi district from 2013 to 2016. A total of 2752 survey points were generated through the e-SAP (Electronic Solutions against Agricultural Pests) application. From these data points, spatio-temporal analysis was carried out using ArcGIS software to determine the distribution of pests across space and time.  Kalaburagi district is more prone to pest attack, especially in Chincholi, Sedam, and Kalaburagitalukas. The rainfall and maximum temperature are the most influential factors on the population of M. vitrata. Overlay analysis indicated that the incidence level of M. vitrata attained ETL status in the eastern part of Kalaburagi, which recorded the highest rainfall, ranging between 423 and 501 mm and with maximum temperature in the range of 31.11 to 32.84 °C. Whereas, in the other regions, the district with less than 403 mm rainfall and less than 31°C recorded pest incidence at less than ETL. In the case of leaf webber, the rainfall and maximum temperature are the most influential factors on its population. Overlay analysis indicated that rainfall of more than 400 mm with a one-month lag time and maximum temperature above 32°C with 10 days lag time favoured the higher incidence of pest.

Author(s) Details

A. Prabhuraj Department of Agriculture Entomology, College of Agriculture, Raichur University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India.

R. S. Patil Department of Agriculture Entomology, College of Agriculture, Raichur University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India.

N. L. Rajesh Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Raichur University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India.

S. G. Hanchinal Department of Agriculture Entomology, College of Agriculture, Raichur University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v7/7186

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Marine Biopolymers in Advanced Wound Care: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications | Chapter 10 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 10

Wound healing is a complex physiological process that can be disrupted by pathological conditions, causing chronic wounds when they represent a significant burden on health systems. Marine-based biopolymers, particularly chitosan and alginate, have attracted attention as wound care biomaterials due to their properties, such as being biocompatible and biodegradable with intrinsic bioactivities. Nutritional interventions are also predominantly carried out to promote the wound-healing process, and this chapter provides a detailed panorama on the clinical uses of chitosan and alginate, which are already utilised in wound healing amidst nutritional interventions as observed. The present study describes mechanisms of action along with haemostatic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. The chapter summarises the experimental and clinical evidence, including randomised controlled trials, showing that chitosan-based dressings are effective in promoting healing of chronic ulcers such as diabetic foot ulcers. Instead, with clinical experience, alginate dressings used in high-exudate wounds are shown as beneficial; yet, systematic reviews revealed that this type of dressing did not promote healing rates better than other alternative modern dressings. It also addresses the synergetic effects of a composite dressing that consists of chitosan and alginate, as they demonstrate superior mechanical and therapeutic features in preclinical models. Oral chitosan and alginate are nutritional supplements that are generally believed to promote wound healing (although this is speculative without clear clinical evidence). Future studies could enable the development of “smart” dressings, and larger, more definitive clinical trials are required to realise the true potential of these marine-derived biomaterials in advanced wound care.

Author(s) Details

A. A. Zubair PG and Research Department of Aquaculture and Fishery Microbiology, MES Ponnani College, Ponnani South, Malappuram, India.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v10/7253

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Histopathological Assessment of Intestinal Morphology in Japanese Quails Following Essential Oil Supplementation | Chapter 9 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 10

Among livestock sub-sectors, the poultry industry is the most organised and scientifically advanced, and has emerged as the fastest-growing segment of Indian agriculture. Essential oils, derived from herbs and medicinal plants, have gained considerable attention as potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters due to their antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and digestive stimulant properties. Despite the documented benefits of essential oils in broilers, limited information is available on their effects on growth performance and nutrient utilisation in Japanese quails under Indian conditions. The present study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation of cinnamon and peppermint essential oils on intestinal histomorphology in Japanese quails. Two hundred day-old chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: basal diet (control), cinnamon oil (500 ppm), peppermint oil (500 ppm), a combination of both oils (250 ppm each), and a higher-level combination (500 ppm each) for 35 days. Jejunal samples were collected at the end of the trial for histological examination. Villus height, crypt depth, and villus height to crypt depth ratio were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by essential oil supplementation. Treated groups showed increased villus height and improved villus–crypt ratio compared to control, indicating enhanced intestinal structural development. The combined supplementation, particularly at higher inclusion levels, produced superior morphometric responses. These findings suggest that cinnamon and peppermint essential oils beneficially modulate intestinal architecture in Japanese quails.

Author(s) Details

Abhishek Tiwari Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR–National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal–132001, Haryana, India.

Debashis Roy Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVPUAT, Meerut - 250110, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Ajit Kumar Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVPUAT, Meerut - 250110,Uttar Pradesh, India.

Ram Kumar Singh Department of Livestock Farm Complex (Animal Nutrition), College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVPUAT, Meerut - 250110, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Vikas Jaiswal Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVPUAT, Meerut-250110, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Manoj Kumar Singh Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVPUAT, Meerut-250110, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Harshit Verma Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVPUAT, Meerut-250110, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Shubham Nayak Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal-132001, Haryana, India.

Kaushlendra Narayan Dwivedi Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVPUAT, Meerut - 250110, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Priyanka Rani Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVPUAT, Meerut-250110, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Rahul Tiwari Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal-132001, Haryana, India.

Vaidehi Mishra Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVPUAT, Meerut-250110, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Gagan Chawla Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal-132001, Haryana, India.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v10/7254

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Haemato-Biochemical Changes Following Ketamine Anaesthesia Combined with Diazepam, Butorphanol, and Xylazine in Buffalo Calves |Chapter 8 |  Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 10

Intravenous general anaesthesia in large ruminants is simple and easy to administer as it requires no sophisticated instruments like inhalation anaesthesia. General anaesthesia, such as ketamine, is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist and induces a state called dissociative anaesthesia, producing profound analgesia without muscle relaxation. Surgical conditions like laparotomy, repair of diaphragmatic hernia, prepubic tendon rupture, thoraco pericardiotomy, repair of ventral hernia, etc., requiring general anaesthesia are frequently encountered in buffaloes. This study was designed to evaluate the effect on various haematological and biochemical parameters following administration of ketamine anaesthesia along with glycopyrrolate-diazepam, glycopyrrolate-butorphanol and glycopyrrolate-xylazine as preanaesthetics in 18 non-descript buffalo calves and were divided into three groups (A, B and C) with six animals in each. All the calves were administered glycopyrrolate @ 0.01 mg/ kg body weight through the intramuscular route prior to anaesthetic administration. Then the calves in all groups A, B and C were administered diazepam @ 0.5 mg/kg body weight, butorphanol @ 0.075 mg/kg body weight and xylazine @ 0.16 mg/kg body weight, respectively, through the intravenous route. Further, general anaesthesia was induced with ketamine @ 4 mg/kg body weight intravenously. Haematological parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC), differential leucocyte count (DLC) and biochemical parameters such as serum glucose, serum total protein, serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were estimated before sedation (0) and at 30, 60,120 min. and 6 hrs post ketamine anaesthesia. Statistical analysis was performed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple range tests (DMRT).  Haematological investigations indicated a non-significant (P>0.05) reduction in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, and DLC after ketamine anaesthesia across all groups. Hyperglycemia was observed in animals from all groups following ketamine anaesthesia. There was significant (P<0.05) increase in Serum Glucose (mg/dl) value in group A and C at 30 min and 60 min following diazepam-ketamine and xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia respectively, while in group B, there was non-significant (P>0.05) increase in Serum Glucose value at 15 min after butorphanol-ketamine anaesthesia   Other biochemical indicators such as total serum protein, serum urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels exhibited non-significant (P>0.05) variations at different time points but stayed within the normal physiological limits. Thus, it can be concluded that the combinations of glycopyrrolate-diazepam-ketamine, glycopyrrolate-butorphanol-ketamine, and glycopyrrolate-xylazine-ketamine do not have any harmful effects on vital organs, and the changes stayed within physiological limits. Therefore, ketamine can be used safely and effectively as an induction agent in buffalo calves for general anaesthesia.

Author(s) Details

Khichar Sangram Singh Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anjora, Durg (C.G.), Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalya (DSVCKV), Chhattisgarh, India.

Rukmani Dewangan Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anjora, Durg (C.G.), Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalya (DSVCKV), Chhattisgarh, India.

Raju Sharda Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anjora, Durg (C.G.), Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalya (DSVCKV), Chhattisgarh, India.

Jasmeet Singh Wildlife Health and Forensic Centre, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anjora, Durg (C.G.), Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalya (DSVCKV), Chhattisgarh, India.

Muskan Sengar Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anjora, Durg (C.G.), Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalya (DSVCKV), Chhattisgarh, India.

Ishant Kumar Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anjora, Durg (C.G.), Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalya (DSVCKV), Chhattisgarh, India.

Likchavi Kurrey Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anjora, Durg (C.G.), Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalya (DSVCKV), Chhattisgarh, India.

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v10/7168