Hi! Today we want to share with you some information about Relative Clauses. Do you know something about it? Well, Relative clauses are use to connect two ideas and to provide extra information. This information can either define something (defining clause), or provide unnecessary, but interesting, added information (non-defining clause).
The relative clauses provide essential information about the antecedent so without this, the meaning of the phrase would be incomplete. Also this kind of clause used tree relative pronoun: that (for things), who (for people) and where (for places). Let see an example:
-The woman who lives in the blue house has gone to the beach.
Non-defining relative clauses
On the other hand, Non-defining relative clauses give additional information on something, but do not define it. Also, they always are put in commas and do not use that, only who and which in accorded to people and things. Let see an example:
-John F. Kennedy, who was the President of USA in 1961, led foreign policy of this contry to a greater involvement in international affairs
We choose to diferents articles from the New York Time, in order to find some examples of defining and non-defining relative clauses.
Syria Blames Israel for Fiery Attack in Damascus
BEIRUT, Lebanon — The Syrian government publicly condemned Israel for a powerful air assault on military targets near Damascus early Sunday, saying it “opened the door to all possibilities,” as fear spread throughout the region that the country’s civil war could expand beyond its borders.
The attack, which sent brightly lighted columns of smoke and ash high into the night sky above the Syrian capital, struck several critical military facilities in some of the country’s most tightly secured and strategic areas, killing dozens of elite troops stationed near the presidential palace, a high-ranking Syrian military official said in an interview.
*Non-defining relative clause: The attack, which sent brightly lighted columns of smoke and ash high into the night sky above the Syrian capital, struck several...
This is an Non-defining clases because is giving an extra information, put in commas and used the relative pronoun which.
Israel refused to confirm the attacks, the second in three days, and Israeli analysts said it was unlikely that Israel was seeking to intervene in the Syrian conflict. They said the attacks in all likelihood expanded and continued Israel’s campaign to prevent the Syrian government from transferring weapons to Hezbollah, the Shiite militia and political party in neighboring Lebanon that is one of Israel’s most dangerous foes.
Rebels, opposition activists and residents said the strikes hit bases of the elite Republican Guard and storehouses of long-range missiles, in addition to a military research center that American officials have called the country’s main chemical weapons facility.
An American official said a more limited strike early Friday at Damascus International Airport was also meant to destroy weapons being sent from Iran to Hezbollah.
Concerns flared about whether Hezbollah might attack Israel in retaliation, possibly drawing Lebanon into the conflict. Israel deployed two of its Iron Dome missile-defense batteries in its northern cities. Iran’s IRNA news agency said Israel could expect a “crushing” retaliation from Syria or “the resistance,” meaning Hezbollah.
Analysts said Syria, weakened by the conflict, and Hezbollah, overstretched as it commits more forces to support the Syrian government, were unlikely to act, but they cautioned that a miscalculation by either side that set off an escalation could not be ruled out. And PresidentBashar al-Assadcould choose to mount covert attacks on Israeli targets abroad, rather than engage its military directly.
One senior Israeli official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, said he did not think that Israel was entering a war with Syria and suggested that Syria was unlikely to respond. Mr. Assad “has his own problems,” the official noted. “He doesn’t need Israel in the mess.”
*Non-defining relative clause: One senior Israeli official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, said he did not...
This is an Non-defining clauses because is giving an extra information, put in commas and used the relative pronoun who.
In Washington, the reported Israeli attacks stoked debate about whether American-led airstrikes were the logical next step to cripple the ability of the Syrian president to counter the rebel forces or use chemical weapons. That was already being discussed in secret by the United States, Britain and France in the days leading to the Israeli strikes, according to American and foreign officials involved in the discussions, with a model being the opening days of the attacks on Libya that ultimately drove Col.Muammar el-Qaddafi from power.
Lawmakers from both parties urged President Obamato move toward arming the rebels. “The idea of getting weapons in — if we know the right people to get them — my guess is we will give them to them,” Senator Patrick J. Leahy, Democrat of Vermont, said on NBC’s “Meet the Press.”
The White House declined to say whether it believed Israel was responsible for the Damascus explosions, though other American officials said there was no plausible alternative, given the size and precision of the strikes. Josh Earnest, the deputy press secretary, echoed statements by Mr. Obama last week, saying “the Israelis are justifiably concerned about the threat posed by Hezbollah obtaining these advanced weapon systems.”
The Syrian deputy foreign minister, speaking on CNN, called the strikes “an act of war.” But the decision to blame Israel so publicly presented Mr. Assad with a difficult choice. He could retaliate against Israel and risk conflict with the region’s strongest military — an option analysts called unlikely. Or he could refrain, in which case he risks appearing further weakened and hypocritical to supporters and opponents alike, many of whom are united in their antipathy for Israel.
One Year Into Hollande Presidency in France, ‘a Sense of Drift
PARIS — The former French president Nicolas Sarkozy recently gave a speech to a telecommunications conference in Montreal. “I feel good,” he said, grinning. “And when I look at those who succeeded me, I even feel very good.”
For François Hollande, the man who took the presidency away from Mr. Sarkozy last May, it has been a “terrible year,” or so says even the center-left newspaper Le Monde. The paper devoted an entire section to the president’s troubles, sweeping in the ailing economy, record unpopularity in the polls, open strains with Germany and divisions within his own Socialist Party.
*Non-defining relative clause: For François Hollande, the man who took the presidency away from Mr. Sarkozy last May...
This is an Non-defining clauses because is giving an extra information, put in commas and used the relative pronoun who.
The bold military intervention in Mali was called “the exception” for a president who is seen as pleasant, uncharismatic and unauthoritative — read “unpresidential” — by many who supported him a year ago. In opinion polls, only a quarter of the French view him favorably.
*Defining relative clause: The bold military intervention in Mali was called “the exception” for a president who is seen as pleasant, uncharismatic and unauthoritative...
This is an Defining relative clauses because is giving an important information about the antecedent (the president) and used the relative pronoun who.
*Defining relative clause: by many who supported him a year ago.
Mr. Hollande “hasn’t kept his campaign promises, to relaunch growth, create jobs,” said Shami Bashir, 26, in an unemployment office in the Paris suburbs where he was seeking work in catering. “You have the impression things can’t go more badly, and then, bam, you hear it’s getting worse.”
Amélie Donnini, 29, said that Mr. Sarkozy “would be much better at managing the situation,” adding: “He, at least, had broad shoulders. Hollande? Pfff.”
A year into the Hollande presidency, France seems to be stumbling along, with critics speaking of an amiable aimlessness, lack of direction and discipline, of small steps in the direction of economic reform. The Socialist Party, and even some of the president’s ministers, seem to work against him and his policies, and yet there is no obvious sanctioning of the dissenters.
Even the president of the National Assembly, Claude Bartolone, a Socialist, has called for a “second wind” in the government and for a possible confrontation with Germany over austerity policies that prioritize debt reduction over stimulus for growth. Mr. Hollande “calls this ‘friendly tension’ ” with Germany, Mr. Bartolone told Le Monde. “For me, it’s tension, period, and, if needed, a confrontation.”
The open strains with Germany and Chancellor Angela Merkel, who is engaged in an election campaign that the French government clearly hopes she will lose to the Social Democrats, has been a good example of Mr. Hollande’s difficulties — and his style. He has allowed some ministers to criticize Germany sharply; he has allowed the Socialist Party to draft a paper citing Ms. Merkel’s “selfish intransigence”; he has allowed other ministers to attack the party document, which was then revised. But he has not made his own position clear.
*Non-defining relative clause: The open strains with Germany and Chancellor Angela Merkel, who is engaged in an election campaign that the French government clearly hopes she will lose to the Social Democrats, has been a good example of Mr. Hollande’s difficulties.
This is an Non-defining clauses because is giving an extra information, put in commas and used the relative pronoun who.
The “kerfuffle over Germany speaks volumes,” said François Heisbourg, of the Foundation for Strategic Research. “But one would think the president would find an opportunity to state his own position clearly.” Instead, Mr. Heisbourg said, “there is a sense of drift.”
There are rumors of a coming shake-up, which the Élysée Palace will deny until it happens. For now, a senior Hollande aide describes the president as “calm” and “Zen,” conscious that he has four more years to change France and careful not to move too quickly.
*Defining relative clause: There are rumors of a coming shake-up, which the Élysée Palace will deny until it happens.
This is an Defining relative clauses because is giving an important information about the antecedent and used the relative pronoun which.
But the French seem to want action in a crisis, and a president who better fits the semi-monarchical model of the Fifth Republic, not the “normal president” Mr. Hollande promised. They liked Mr. Sarkozy’s activism, even if they came to dislike his personality and style enough to dethrone him.
Mr. Hollande won a year ago because he promised “change is now” and was the “anti-Sarkozy,” said Pascal Perrineau, director of the Center for Political Research at the Institut d’Études Politiques. “But the French are not at all convinced by this normal president. He seems more like a prime minister; he does not seem to incarnate the state.”
Mr. Hollande “acts like the head of the Socialist Party, always looking for compromise at the price of a certain ambiguity,” Mr. Perrineau said.
It is one thing not to be a “hyper-president,” Mr. Perrineau said. “But what is he? A ‘hypo-president,’ a minor one.”
Mr. Heisbourg said that the problem “goes beyond the lack of authority to a widespread lack of professionalism in the government and at the Élysée.”
“The net result is extremely chaotic decision preparation and decision-making,” he added. “For the first three or four months, you expect this, but not after a year.”
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