Identity, lies and videotape
âThe deconstruction of identity is not the deconstruction of politics; rather, it establishes as political the very terms through which identity is articulated. This kind of critique brings into question the foundationalist frame in which feminism as an identity politics has been articulated. The internal paradox of this foundationalism is that it presumes, fixes, and constrains the very "subjects" that it hopes to represent and liberate.â1
A few days ago a video was released by the Berlin police. The police is looking for witnesses of a crime that took place in October. The video shows a woman being kicked down the stairs by a man in the Berlin underground station HermannstraĂe. The woman is walking down the stairs, when a group of men â drinking and smoking â comes downstairs. One of them follows her and  kicks her in the back. The woman falls down several stairs headfirst. The four guys watch. The one that kicked her down, takes a drag of his cigarette and walks away. One picks up a bottle that fell out of her bag, when she was kicked down. The other guys leave aswell.
The release of the video has led to much controversy. One question is: Why was it released only several months after the incident? The political right asserts that the video has been withheld due to a âgag orderâ implemented by the left with its âpolitical correctnessâ. The video seems to be perfect material for the promotion of identity politics, which is why the video is so hotly debated on Facebook. Due to the long distance and the bad quality of the CCTV footage, the video leaves much room for interpretation and speculation about the perpetrators' and the victim's identity, and thus it has been fueling the narratives of different interest groups. While the police has not yet released any details about the victim's or perpetrator's heritage â they did not catch him yet â, the FB communities seem to know better.
The depiction of the group of perpetrators has been undergoing quite a metamorphosis since their first introduction as âseveral menâ. The video shows four men with dark hair, wearing jeans and leather jackets, one wearing sweat pants and a baseball cap. The dark hair and beard of at least two of them has led many to conclude that they must be of middle eastern descent. They have meanwhile been titled âa group of afghansâ, ârefugeesâ, âmigrantsâ, âmuslimsâ and âneo-nazisâ, depending on the interpreter.
One of the reasons for the distribution of the many different interpretations is the fact that the woman's head is covered. When I first watched the video, I saw a woman with a black hooded coat. I know how cold Berlin can be in Winter. I figured she must have kept the hood on walking into the station. I read a different interpretation of her headdress in a comment to the video on the site of the âNew York Postâ. Suddenly the woman had turned into a muslim girl wearing a Hijab â some commenters even called it Burka â being kicked down by German Neo-Nazis. According to the commenter, it was most likely a hate crime. Another commenter asked why everyone was talking about race although it was impossible to see the race of the people in the video. An Afro-American woman countered âI do see race. The perpetrator is white.â When people claimed the guys were Muslim, Muslims on the thread pointed out they can't be Muslim because they were drinking. Â Other commenters claimed that what the guy was doing to the girl was based on passages of the Quran. In the end it turned into a propaganda war. The right wingers claimed the guys had been caught and were Muslim refugees attacking a German woman, while Muslims claimed they had been caught and were German neo-Nazis attacking a Muslim woman, turning events into an act of islamophobic aggression. Both interpretations were not verifiable. Neither had the guys been caught, nor did the police know who they were. Truth had become secondary, if not irrelevant. The important thing was to promote oneâs narrative and repeat it until it had become the dominating one.
The discussion about the CCTV footage reminds me of another incident in Germany this year: The Munich shooting. The fact that the shooter had been a German with Persian roots seemed impossible to grasp by the media. He was also a Neonazi, identified as Aryan and German, and he was a fan of Anders Breivik. In a video, which was released during the shooting, he could be heard arguing about his German identity with one of his potential victims. Still, right wingers tried to frame this incident as the deed of a Muslim extremist, ignoring the fact that his âWeltanschauungâ had probably more in common with theirs than with Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi's, the head of ISIS.
A few weeks ago âAfropunkâ, a platform for Afro-American alternative culture, posted an article on Facebook about a Muslim woman that was burned by a stranger in New York. In opposition to what the headline suggested, the woman had not been severely damaged. Her (âtraditionalâ) clothes had been set on fire, but she was able to pat out the flames. The unknown perpetrator ran away.
The discussion under the article was already lit, when I started reading the comments. Although there had been no hint of who the man was, that had commited the crime, there seemed to be no doubt that it was a white man who must have been encouraged by the rhetoric of Trump. A white male commenter pointed out that there was indeed no evidence that confirmed that the criminal was white and non-muslim, and this could also be an âattempted honor killingâ. Quickly, the commenter was critized for being ethnocentric and âclaiming our way of oppressing women is less terrible than their way of oppressing womenâ. The personal attacks went on for a few minutes with the commenter trying to counter them in a rational way. Then a commenter with an Indian name stepped in asking the original commenter why he even put so much effort into countering âthose idiotsâ. The Indian was immediately attacked by an Afro-American man who called him a âself-loathingâ Indian worshipping white men and hating Indian women.
Reducing people to their membership in one exclusive group will likely lead to social and political conflicts.2 This is what is wrong with identity politics today. Â It started with interest groups trying to better the lifes of minorities and reduce discrimination and turned into a battleground for highly differentiated lobby groups with exclusive memberships and hostile rhetoric. It forces people to take sides according to their assigned position in society. It forces people to decide one identity over many overlapping and intersecting identities. When people do not stick to their assigned roles, they become âunreadableâ. It is possible to drink alcohol and still identify as Muslim. It is possible to be a German with Turkish background and sympathize with AfD. I can identify with feminism and still enjoy âDie Hardâ. Identity is more complex than identity politics would ever admit.
1Butler, Judith (1990; Anniversary edition 1999) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, New York: Routledge. 148
2 Sen, Amartya (2007): Die IdentitĂ€tsfalle. Warum es keinen Krieg der Kulturen gibt. MĂŒnchen: C. H. Beck. 8













