[schreiend auf Deutsch] @glottalstart-blog - Tumblr Blog

rabbitglitter-deactivated201906

hi! so the mods here at qla have decided that since not all our readers are native english speakers, it would be in everyone’s best interests to start a collection of gender-neutral pronouns across all languages. if you don’t see your language or pronouns on the list (within reason, for accessibility purposes we can’t include every english variant of a pronoun), please let us know and include conjugations if possible! thank you!

for further expansions on grammar you can check the posts in the pronoun project tag:)

arabic ( عربي )

هما (they, originally dual, can work as a neutral singular third person)

انتما (second person dual)

bulgarian (български език)

те/тях/техен/им (generally used for a group of people, could be used as singular as in “they”)

то/него/негово/му (means “it”, informal)

chinese (中文)

mandarin/普通话: 他 or 她 (tā) - only the pronunciation is gender-neutral unfortunately, the characters are gendered

cantonese/广州话: 佢 (keoi5/keúih) - them/him/her/it

它 - also tā, but means “it”. ask before using as it could be derogatory

牠 - ta1, used for non-human animals

add 們 (men) to either for plural, add 的 (de) to make it possessive

那个人 (simplified) 那個人 (traditional) (na4ge4ren2- that person) and 这个人 (simplified) 這個人 (traditional) (zhe4ge4ren2- this person)

czech/čeština

onikání, which was used in the past as gender-neutral pronoun when refering to someone of lesser status. it’s oni/je/jejich/se they/them/their/themself and the use is: Oni jsou moc milým člověkem. - They are a very nice person.

danish/dansk

de/dem/deres

hen/hen/hens

dutch/nederlands

zij/hen/hun

ze/hun/ze - (note: literal translation of they, but ze is often used as “she”)

english

they/them/theirs

ze/zem/zeirs

xe/xem/xeirs (xyr)

hir/hirs/hirself

spivak: e/em/eir

esperanto

Ŝli - combination of he/she, generally used like “they” in english

estonian/eesti keel

tema/teda/tema (formal)

ta/teda/tema

farsi

او

finnish/suomen kieli

se/sen (means it, informal)

hän/hänen (formal)

french/le français

ol/mo - ex: ol s’appelle Bidule et c’est mo pote.

ille (referring to oneself), ceulle (referring to someone else)

eux (sometimes used as a subject-position instead of object-position)

georgian/kartuli/ქართული

ის / იმან / იმის (is / iman / imis) = they / them / their

german/deutsch

xier/xieser/dier

xier/xies/xiem/xien

sie_er

er_sie

sier

sie_r

si_er

sie*

er*

greek/ελληνικά

αυτοί / εκείνοι ( are these the ones that mean it?? let me know so i can take them down)

αυτ@, εκείν@ (singular) φίλ@ς (plural) - not pronounceable, good for writing though

hebrew/’lvrit/עִבְרִית

there aren’t actually any gender neutral pronouns in hebrew sadly. the first set is all male pronouns and the second one is all female. like the word ze (זה) is male for ‘it’ and it has a female form which is ‘zo’ (זו). atzmam (עצמם) is plural male (but it is used sometimes as neutral tbh). also the second set is only female pronouns for she, her, hers and herself

also about the plurals, you need to add either ם or ן to make these words plural either in a male or female form, like the plural words aren’t actual words it needs to be עצמם\שלהם\אותם\הם and it’s the male form you just need to replace it with ן to make it female but people use these as gender neutral pretty often because that’s the closest you would get

icelandic/islenska

hín/hín/híni/híns

hé/hé/hé/hés

það - equivalent of “it”, ask before using, could be derogatory

hán/hán/háni/háns - mix of binary pronouns

when referring to an individual of an unspecified gender, use viðkomandi instead of hann/hún

ilokano/Ti Pagsasao nga Iloko

isuna (singular they), na (singular their), kaniana/kenkuana (singular theirs), isuda (plural they), da (plural their), kaniada/kadakuwada (plural theirs)

indonesian/bahasa indonesia

dia (third person singular), mereka (third person plural)

irish/gaeilge

sibh/siad

italian

????

latvian/latviešu valoda/lettish

viņi/viņu/viņiem

lithuanian/lietuvių kalba

Jie/Jų/Jiems/Juos/Jais/Juose

malay/bahasa melayu/bahasa malaysia

dia

michif

wiya

norwegian/norsk

dem/dem/deres

hen/hen(henom)/hens(henoms)

hin/hin/hins

sir/sir/sirs

portuguese/lingua portuguesa/português

el@/del@

elx/delx

elæ/delæ

punjabi

all pronouns are neutral (he/she: “uha usa” or ਉਹ ਉਸ; him/her: “usa” or “usanū” which is ਉਸ or ਉਸਨੂੰ; his/hers: “usadā” or ਉਸਦਾ). also, the pronouns “he” & “she” in english both translate to “vah” (वह) in hindi. however, the rest of the pronouns are gendered. verbs are also generally gendered.

russian/ру́сский язы́к

ох/ех/ех/ем/их/ниx

slovak/slovenský jazyk

oni/nich/im/ich/nimi

slovenian/slovenščina

oni/z njimi/njim (they/with them/to them). Now if you want to say: I want to help them - you don’t use ‘njim’ but ‘jim’. (Želim jim pomagati; Pomagati jim želim.)

spanish/español/castilano/castellano

Pronouns that can be written and pronounced:

Ella/la/-a (binary feminine): “Ella es la niña linda”

Él/el/-o (binary masculine): “Él es el niño lindo”

Elle/le/-e (neutral): “Elle es le niñe linde”

Ello/lo/-o (neutral, similarly to the english ‘it’ can be very offensive so please be careful and don’t use it unless you are told to do so): “Ello es lo niño lindo”

Elli/li/-i (neutral, cacophonic and uncommon): “Elli es li niñi lindi”

Ellu/lu/-u (neutral, cacophonic and uncommon): “Ellu es lu niñu lindu”

Pronouns that can be written but not pronounced:

Ellx/lx/-x: “Ellx es lx chicx lindx” (I don’t know who told you otherwise, but this can be used by both poc and white folks)

Ell*/l*/-*: “Ell* es l* niñ* lind*”

Ell@/l@/-@: “Ell@ es l@ niñ@ lind@”

Ell_/l_/-_: “Ell_ es l_ niñ_ lind_”

Ellæ/læ/-æ: “Ellæ es læ niñæ lindæ”

swedish/svenska

hen/hen(henom)/hens(henoms) - variations are in parentheses, gender-neutral third person personal pronouns

den/den/dens (dess) (means ‘it’)

de/dem (dom)/deras

tagalog

Singular/Plural siya/sila (they) niya/nila (them/their) (sa) kanya/(sa) kanila (theirs/preposition them)

turkish/türkçe

o/onlar

welsh/cymraeg/y gymraeg

nhw/nhw/eu

trippy-hawk-deactivated20180107

THERE!!! ARE!!! GENDER!!! NEUTRAL!!! PRONOUNS!!! IN!!! SPANISH!!! i didn’t know this omg

thealmostpolyglot-blog

Something cool/weird about Chinese: second person is usually gender neutral in Simplified Chinese, but not in Traditional!

Simplified：你 - you (no gender distinction)

Traditional: 你 - you (male) 妳 - you (female)

Please note that 妳 can be used in Simplified and 你 (for both genders) can be used in Traditional. However, these are extremely rare cases. You rarely see 妳 in Simplified Chinese or 你 referring to a female in Traditional Chinese.

They are both pronounced the same so no distinction is made in spoken Chinese (at least not in Mandarin or Cantonese).

derdoktorsschnabel-deactivated2

I keep mistaking the German words “wirklich” and “wichtig” and the difference is really important

#AAAAH

when one of your flatmates is speaking polish and another is speaking tamil and you can't decide who to eavesdrop on

#langblr #language #langblr problems

what does a german snake say?

ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß

#im sorry dont look at me #langblr

lj-archive

duolingo should have an ‘i actually want to learn this language’ option where in addition to strengthening all of your week skills everyday, you have to do at least 20XP of new information plus review flashcards of the words you’ve learned

languageoclock

duolingo does actually already have flashcards, but you can’t access them until you’ve finished the whole tree

glottalstart-blog

i’m only partially through the tree and i can get flashcards through the “words” tab on the website?

i took my art history notes in german today for some reason? and the grammar is kind of a godawful mess and there were a bunch of neccessary words i didn’t really know but regardless.

it was fun and challenging and i thing i did pretty okay with it, all things considered.

who else is wildly passionate about reorganizing their phone layout

#studyblr #langblr

i was able to use a german article as a reference on this postmodernism essay and i’m so delighted about it!!

see, i’m not learning it for no reason, it’s helping with my degree.

#langblr

pick a (n essay planning card), any card

#studyblur #what's the arthistoryblur tag

languageoclock

How to trick natives into thinking German is your first language - stop talking like a textbook

this guide is intended for learners who already have a good grasp of standard written and spoken German and are familiar with basic linguistic terminology

contractions/reductions*

*apostrophes (’) are shown for explanatory purposes, they are usually optional

in sentences with a conjugated modal verb and one infinitive, the infinitive can be omitted if its meaning can be assumed by the relationship between the subject(s) and object(s) Sie will ein Glas Milch haben. > Sie will ein Glas Milch. Kann er Deutsch sprechen? > Kann er Deutsch? Wir wollen nach Deutschland reisen. > Wir wollen nach Deutschland. Ich will zu dir gehen. > Ich will zu dir. Das Kind muss ins Bett gehen. > Das Kind muss ins Bett. Das darf ich nicht machen. > Das darf ich nicht.

the verb infinitive ending -en can become -’n gehen > geh’n sehen > seh’n wollen > woll’n lecken > leck’n

-e can be removed from the end of conjugated verbs habe > hab’ hätte > hätt’ trage > trag’ wäre > wär’

es can be reduced to -’s on the end of the preceding word du es > du’s ich es > ich’s los geht es > los geht’s was gibt es? > was gibt’s?

the ei- is lost from the beginning of the indefinite article ein > ’n eine > ’ne einen > ’nen einem > ’nem einer > ’ner irgendeine > irgend’ne etc.

if du proceeds its conjugated verb, it can be reduced to -e on the end of the preceding verb bist du > biste hast du > haste kannst du > kannste warst du > warste

unofficial prepositional contractions (ein/den/einen becomes -’n, dem becomes -’m, das becomes -’s) auf dem > auf’m durch das > durch’s für das > für’s für ein/den/einen > für’n hinter dem > hinter’m mit dem > mit’m (> mim) unter das > unter’s etc.

reduction of prepositional compounds (dar- becomes dr- and her- becomes r-) darin > drin darauf > drauf heraus > raus herein > rein etc.

in questions with a second or third person singular conjugated verb, “denn” can be moved to directly proceed the verb, where it is reduced to -’n, causing the t sound to be reduced to a glottal stop when pronounced was ist das denn? > was is(t)’n das? wie heißt du denn? > wie heißt’n du? it is common to see more than one of the above contractions/reductions used together das wäre es > das wär’s ich bin es > ich bin’s ich habe es > ich hab’s

some other words that can be reduced/contracted andere > andre besondere > besondre gerade > grade > grad irgendetwas > irgendwas/etwas > was irgendwelche > welche ist > is’ ist so > isso nicht > nich (north) or net/nit (south) nichts > nix mal > ma schonmal > schoma so ist es > so isses

other

corresponding relative pronouns instead of third person pronouns sie > die, ihr > der er > der, ihn > den, ihm > dem sie > die, ihnen > denen

instead of “ja” jap jepp jo joa ju jupp

instead of “nein” nee/ne nöö/nö

instead of “oder?” at the end of a sentence to make it a question ne? (north) gell? (south) nicht wahr? stimmt’s?

make sure you know how to use these words, they will help make you sound less sharp and robotic aber auch bloß doch eben eh einmal erst etwa gerade halt ja mal na naja nun nur ohnehin schon sowieso vielleicht wohl

fillers/expressions of surprise ach/achso - aha/I see/oh okay Alter/Digga/Mann - dude/man/bro/mate ah/äh/eh/oh - ah/oh ahm/ähm/ehm/öhm - um/erm au/aua/autsch - ow/ouch bäh/igitt/pfui - ew/ugh/yuck boah - wow ey - hey/jeez hä? - huh? oha - wow (oh mein) Gott - (oh my) god was zur Hölle/was zum Teufel - what the hell/what the fuck

texting/informal online usage

abbreviations bis bald > bb bis dann > bd bisschen/bisserl/bissle > bissn/bissl eigentlich > eig einfach > einf (gute) Nacht > (g)n8 hab dich (ganz doll) lieb > hd(gd)l ich dich auch > ida ich liebe dich > ild irgendwie > iwie, irgendwann > iwann, irgendwo > iwo, etc. jetzt > jz keine Ahnung > ka kein Bock > kb kein Plan/Problem > kp kein Ding > kd vielleicht > vllt was machst (du so)? > wm(ds)

laughing haha - normal laugh hihi - giggle hehe - cute/evil/annoying laugh höhö/hühü - cute/annoying/sarcastic/satirical/stupid laugh

use this emoji 🙈 (monkey covering eyes with hands) if you are nervous/embarrassed to say something you are talking to or about your crush/boyfriend/girlfriend/etc. something is cute/adorable someone has given you a compliment

pronunciation^

^these apply to the spoken language, written examples are only given for explanatory purposes

-en, -em and -el become syllabic n m and l respectively heißen > heißn diesem > diesm Vogel > Vogl

short i can sound like an unstressed ü or like it has been omitted altogether schwimmen > schwimmn sind > sünt ich habe es > chaps

the combinations ls and ns can sound like there is a t before the s als > alts ich will es > chwüllts eins > eints übrigens > übrigents

d and t before -en are pronounced as a glottal stop with the lips apart and the tip of the tongue touching just behind the top front teeth braten > bra'n retten > re'n Duden > Du’n finden > fin'n

g and k before -en are pronounced as a glottal stop with the lips apart and the back/middle of the tongue touching the roof of the mouth, the en is pronounced as syllabic ng because of the tongue position packen > pa'ng zocken > zo'ng Magen > Ma'ng Flaggen > Fla'ng

b and p before -en are pronounced as a glottal stop with the lips together, the en is pronounced as syllabic m because the lips are together Waschlappen > Waschla’m Krabben > Kra’m mobben > mo’m klappen > kla’m in the case of haben, the glottal stop is sometimes omitted altogether haben > ha’m > ham

▶ FAQ ▶ more German resources

currently watching Germany's next top model and having the time of my life

#langblr

here's the thing if I just keep working, putting the hours in, I will know more, I will get better it's impossible not to

#studyblr #langblr