(Almost) Everything About the Albanian Language
Albanian (In Albanian: Shqip) is a language spoken in Albania, Kosovo, Western Macedonia, Southern Montenegro, Northwestern and parts of Southeast Greece, parts of Southeastern Italy, and the Preševo Valley in Serbia.
There are two dialects of Albanian, Gheg and Tosk, which are broken down in much smaller subdialects. Gheg is spoken in places north of the Shkumbin River. Tosk is spoken in places south of the Shkumbin River. There are also smaller dialects such as Arbëresh and Arvanitika. Arbëresh is spoken in parts of Southeastern Italy. Arvanitika is spoken in parts of Southeastern Greece. The Gheg dialect was the official dialect of Albania, until Enver Hoxha’s communist regime.
Albanian is an Indo-European language, however, it has its own branch on the Indo-European family tree. Most linguists think Albanian came from the Illyrian language a long time ago. Albanian is also considered a very old language. Overtime, Albanian has been majorly affected by Latin and Ancient Greek (since they were dominant languages for a long time), so Albanian shares many words with the Romance languages, and a few with Modern Greek. Also, since Albania was under the Ottoman Empire for awhile, you will encounter MANY words that Albanian and Turkish have in common. Now here are some features of Albanian that might stress you out if you decide to learn it, but don’t worry! These are pretty easy to master once you know how to use them.
Albanian has 36 letters, as opposed to English’s 26. The Albanian alphabet is:
A B C Ç D Dh E Ë F G Gj H I J K L Ll M N Nj O P Q R Rr S Sh T Th U V X Xh Y Z Zh
Yes, some letters look like two letters, but actually they are one letter. So, një has two letters, nj and ë. Rruga has 4 letters, not 5. Gjashtë has 5 letters, not 7. (I know, weird, right?)
Albanian is a seriously clitic language. You will hear clitics in almost every single sentence. Even in the smallest sentences such as E di, which means I know. The di is conjugated to the singular first-person form, so there’s no need to include unë in the sentence, but you can if you want to. The clitic e is added in there, to literally mean I know it or I know that. So saying Unë di or just di would be grammatically incorrect. You would have to use e to make it Unë e di or E di. Also, the clitic a is usually used in yes/no questions. Such as A shkove? (Did you go?) However, when that same clitic a is added to the end of the sentence, it usually marks surprise and usually used when the speaker told the listener not to do the action. So for example, Shkove në rrugë a? would mean *So you went onto the street after all [even though I told you not to]?
Apparently, Albanian has verb forms that are called miratives or admiratives. They show surprise most of the time, but can also show doubt or irony sometimes. They can be translated by using the word apparently. For example, Rruga është e mbyllur. (The road is closed. [with no surprise/informative]) and Rruga qenka e mbyllur.Apparently, the road is closed. [with surprise]
Albanian is a case language, there are 6 cases in Albanian, but only 4 are used in everyday speech. Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, and Dative. These aren’t so hard, because the Accusative is basically just the Nominative except you add an -n to the end of the definite form of the word. (Oh yes, Albanian does not have a word for a/an or the. They use different forms of the word to symbolize number and definite forms. Just like the Scandinavian languages.) Genitive is also made by just adding the correct clitic (based on the word whether its masculine or feminine) to the beginning and using the Dative form of the word. So you just have to learn the Nominative and Dative forms! :D
Since Albanian has an accusative form, word order is flexible. The official word order is SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) but it could be any word order as long as you use the Accusative form. (If you’re talking about someone eating apples, you don’t want to say that the apples are eating that person!)
So, I hope I interested you in the Albanian language after this! Thank you for your time! (x)