Italian Amulets/Talismans and Hand Gestures
I think this can be a great info posts about amulets and hand gestures within Italian folk magic. But some of the gestures or amulets aren’t strictly just for Italians but also Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, and Greek people surely other groups I haven’t mention. These amulets and gestures are historically being part of the culture and identity for centuries pre Christian and modern day. Just a little mention Sicilian/Sicily isn’t considered to be Italian yes they are part of the peninsula and speak a variation of Italian or their own dialect Sicilian they see themselves sovereign from Italy, they have their own unique culture and folk traditions and Italians here in America Sicilians kind of blended in with Italians of America. So when I mention Sicily and Sicilian that is why they rather seem themselves separate from Italy so I am going to respect that.
Some Amulets/Talismans and Hand gestures are used interchangeably so for instance the fig hand is used as a amulet and gesture so I’ll obviously mention when it comes up these few. These gestures and amulets are common to protect from the evil eye or Malocchio a curse that is cast whether intentionally or unintentionally from someone by simply looking. I’ll leave some good book recommendations on it at the end, also I am part Italian American so it’s going to be slightly more around that specific tradition.
The Mano Corna or Horned Hands
This is a hand gesture and a amulet that is very prevalent among Italians, you may see it commonly as known as “Metal horns” or “The Devil Horns” which isn’t a coincidence; the famous metal singer (one of my favorites) Ronnie James Dio popularize it among the metal community as he did it on stage, he learned it from his Italian grandmother. But they’re not originally known as “The Devil horns” or even symbolizing evil. Rather it is a defensive, challenging, and protective gesture and amulet.
Rather than the devil it depicts a charging bull ready to strike but stands it’s ground as a warning, if you point your fingers downward or straightforward you’re making a stand, but also plucking out the eye of evil. Whether it be someone staring at you or a deflective gesture to avoid misfortunes. When you cast this gesture you would say several key phrases, “Corno!”, “Tieni!”, “Facchio le corna!” Translates as “I make the horns!” Offensive and defensive gesture as well, Corna or Tieni (tee-yah) is for the eye that is present and “I make the horns” as a warning.
But not just when someone giving you an odd and suspicious look and stare for long periods of time. Mano Corna works as a “knock on wood” gesture, say for instance someone says to you “Your Honda has dull tires and not great in snow, make sure you don’t get in a crash!” You would hold up your hand and say the phrase “I make the horns!” Deflecting the unwelcome fate that may befallen on you. But also when someone might be envious towards you, for example, “I love your look today, wow I wish I could be pretty as you.” This may seem as an innocent statement but whether person knowing it or not it can be lace with jealousy and envy towards the person they directed to. Think of those mean girls who pretend to be nice, the fake compliments, their condescending and they will compliment you but they will talk behind your back in the next. Another common gesture as well is to spit (doesn’t have to be actual spittle but mimicking the action) after a compliment to avoid getting the eye of envy I don’t recommend it doing it in front of people but when they walk away or do it none suspiciously same with casting the horns, do it behind your back, beneath the table, when the person isn’t looking.
The Mano Fico/Figa or The Fig Hand
This gesture and amulet is representation of the female genitalia, it protects and wards away the evil when female fertility, children, female reproductive health, relationships, etc. are threatened. It is quite offensive in Italy almost to that of the middle finger so be careful of casting it towards someone who may know what it entails. Using reproductive parts as symbols or gestures of protection isn’t uncommon in folk magic, it’s said the eye hates the sight of the genitals of either gender it gets offended when it is shown, men will grab their groin to ward it away or they just don’t like a person.
The fig hand was used by the Romans since fica is a woman’s genitalia they believe that her prowess and essence and all things feminine comes from there. The fig tree was scared to Bacchus but it was also sacred to Juno/Iuno, whom deals with all things womanhood, children, marriage, relationships, etc. it is said in ancient Roman custom all girls has a Iuno a spirit that like of a guardian spirit but it’s the girl’s likeness, consciousness, personality, yet is a companion to the child as she grows up and throughout her life. With boys they have one called Genius.
Cornciello or Corno “Little Horn”
The one of the oldest known symbol of pre Christian Italy, the cornicello dates back to the Neolithic period of Italy, many Wiccans use this symbol as “the horned god” which isn’t true but rather probably relating to the moon goddess most likely Diana who is traditionally was associated with bull horns and the crescent moon which if turn upwards looks like horns if not Luna or Lala the Sabine moon goddess. Diana and her moon aspects came later on but identified with Luna/Selene when she was Hellenized. So certainly not linked with the horned god but Cornicello is linked with the phallus, phallic symbols are also common to ward away from the eye but to be less obvious Cornciello is often seen as the phallus and if the Fig Hand is more attune with femininity than the Cornciello is more masculine and protects against infertility and male impotency.
Typically you’ll see it as red resembling a red hot chili pepper but the red means victory against enemies relating to St Michael or Mars, usually made twisted and tough but it’s also made with different interpretations like natural curve horn and the Corno is made from numerous different materials to cheap to expensive but common is silver, gold, and coral. Traditionally you be given one by a family member or in some Italian customs someone who isn’t blood related, to be honest with you some Italians are relaxed about it but in my case I didn’t know nor did I have anyone to give me one. But when I got mine I put it on my ancestral altar and have my Italian ancestors bless it as a gift to me even though I did buy it for myself I wanted to make a connection and the purchase as a reminder and bond between me and my ancestors rather it’s just a symbol to put around my neck because “I need to” it’s more of a I want to because what it represents more than just a symbol of protection but a cultural identity and remembrance and connection to my family and community and heritage. I do recommend people by from actual Italian handmade jewelry craftsmanship it can be from Italy but also other subcultures and diasporic cultures of Italian communities like Italian American, Canada, Argentina, etc where a lot of Italian people reside not just from Italy or Sicily or Sardinia. Also I have heard that Cornicello does last longer when it follows the traditional custom of someone giving one to you than buying it yourself but I have mine for awhile now it seems doing okay, a notion of when something breaks it has done its purpose so if a amulet breaks it’s good to get a new one. Plus another superstition is that if one does buy for themself the must not pay for the whole thing unless they get bad luck, again do whatever suits you best just giving you the information that was provided to me :)
Other relations to the Corno, It has a connection between the Cornucopia or “Horn of Plenty” which represents abundance and wealth and fortune, you may see this with the goddess Fortune as well but also Ceres/Demeter who is the goddess of fertility which harkens back to the Corno protecting fertility for man and even woman. Another example is when Zeus/Jupiter broke off a horn from a goat filling it with fruit and flowers and offering it to humanity.
I’ve mention materials like red color but with specific materials can have meanings what the Cornciello can be used for
Coral: Often represents Venus, sexuality and love and relationships and ensured fidelity
Gold: Wealth, abundance, Prosperity and luck
Silver: Associated with Luna and Diana
Any material: is said to be blessed by Priapus the Roman God of Fertility and gives many blessings to the wearer.
This amulet was also placed on domestic animals and livestock protection from the evil eye as well and hanging in a doorway which is evident of a pre Christian custom as it was seen in Pompeii from the eye to get in or evil spirits which is linked with the eye as well. The Cornciello is also seen in other cultures like Hispanic and Portuguese.
The Cimaruta “top of rue”
A sprig of the plant which is Rue which is a extremely powerful plant in Italian folk magic to cleanse and banish negative energies the Rue plant is associated with Diana. The amulet like the cornicello can be strongly associated with Diana, origins is unclear but most certainly pre Christian whether it originated in Etruria or Mezzogiorno (Southern Italy). But like it’s also called portafortuna (luck-bringer) so it’s used as a good luck charm. The little symbols are amulets into amulet to ward away Malocchio, also connected to several goddesses like Hekate and Proserpina with the key and serpent commonly to hanging it over a baby’s crib typically newborns. It’s common to see it with association with Catholic saints and sacred heart of Christ due to the heart symbol but the heart charm is pre Christian as well.
There is different variations of the charms on the sprig there is wands, dolphins, roses, an owl etc. usually the charm is made of silver.
This symbol is depicting the evil eye itself, a common symbol within Mediterranean mostly associated with Greeks and Turkish culture who refer it to as “Nazar”. It’s blue because of an ancient superstition that people with blues being not so common in the Mediterranean region can cast the eye easier the amulet itself is mirroring the eye to deflect it, like how Medusa saw herself in Perseus shield which she turn herself frozen in fear of her own terror gaze, gorgons especially their faces can deflect the evil eye as well. The Mati is not just a random and simple symbol it represents a identity of a people like Greeks who sell them at gift shops and vendors in many different places and interpretations. Though commonly among the Greeks Italians also wear the Mati if the Mati amulet breaks it means it’s done it’s purpose and it’s time to get rid of it. Different colors and ways you can use them like bracelets, necklace, sun catcher, you can paint them or draw them, etc.
Red: Enchances strength and courage but also love and fertility
Dark Blue: Tranquility, comfort, and protection
White: New Beginnings and Wealth
Yellow: Health and cognitive abilities
Green: Abundance and Fertility
Black: Against jealousy, wrath, and baneful magic.
Sacrilegious amulets and gestures
of course as Italy became Christianized their culture adapt around the these new beliefs and traditions they kept their pre Christian beliefs and evolved and adapt it into this new religion. Rosaries, Saint cards and medals, prayers, etc so much engrain it be wrong to not mention these important beliefs.
Many of the charms stated above you’ll find on a necklace with a crucifix to prevent affliction of Malocchio but also in banishing and healing. Using the Crucifix as a talisman and rosary as both an amulet and talisman.
Saint cards or Saint Medals
Commonly when you go to a Catholic store or someone’s car you’ll see a Saint card like on the right these are common in Roman Catholicism not just strictly Italian Hispanic communities and traditions also very popular among their own traditions. It’s the picture of the Saint and a prayer on the back. The medals are similar both instances the saints are petitioned to protect the person of evil not just the evil eye but it includes it, medals can be used in Santucci “saint charm bags” where you sew a piece of fabric as a small bag with Saint medal inside for blessings and protection and never to be open and made by hand. There is different Saint cards and medals certainly you can buy them just is or get the Saint relics which is basically the card or medal touched the human saint’s remains.
Mano Pantea “two fingers”
This is a common gesture throughout Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity a sign of benediction but also used for warding the evil eye away. But it’s also pre Christian probably In ancient Egypt may have represented Isis and Osiris the thumb represents Horus the Child.
Other common amulets/talismans you might see
Key: protection from the evil eye seen in the Cimaruta
Iron horseshoe: Iron in general against bad luck
Nails: in amulets or just themselves, to curse or ward it away draw an eye and hammer the nail straight into the pupil
Coral: used in jewelry like the corno
Sea Shells: for Venus and luck of love and love amulets
Soil: common use in Saint charm bags against baneful magic
Peperoncini: Long red hot peppers strung up as a lucky charm and protection against evil eye and misfortune not to be mistaken with Cornicello red horn.
Garlic: in general this herb is extremely protective against evil spirits, braided garlic stung up can be used as a ward. Link with St Michael, in ancient times taken a bite from raw garlic expels any evil spirits nearby. Associated with Hekate as well.
Salt: Extremely potent weapon against malocchio used in basically any ritual of curing and warding away the evil eye used as a talisman like a jar of salt or with the amulet itself.
These are the books I used mainly for this post which I highly suggest reading them and following them on their respective platforms!
Italian folk magic by Mary Grace Fahurn
The Evil Eye by Antonio Pagliauro
Grand voyage Italy (website)
Italian American community center (website)