Simplicity and Repetition
I once remarked to someone that I thought it might be nice to work on an assembly line. She'd spent decades of her life working in auto plants around Detroit and said nothing in reply, instead gave me a look filled with rage already tempered by a decision that I was not as asshole, just an idiot.
Of course that was a ridiculous thing to say, these jobs are a deep mark on unfreedom on our society, but what about the part of me that meant it, and what did I really mean?
When I noticed a busy coworker of mine who was a bartender cutting lemons on an especially busy day I offered to help. It was just the kind of simple repetitive task I could take off her plate and free her to do the harder stuff. But she said no, precisely because it was also the kind of simple repetitive task she could do to fill time between harder stuff, and more importantly, ease her nerves on a stressful day.
The pleasure in repetition and simplicity is precisely what made me think life on an assembly line wouldn't be so bad, I know it well from the repetitive tasks I embrace at my own job. Indeed, it's not different from the freely given time of those who practice repetitive crafts like knitting, weaving, or beading. It's a profound pleasure, one that Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick notes is founded on an embrace of non-being. Cutting lemons eases my coworker's nerves because it's “mindless” and so she can “zone out.” The soothing quality is derived from relieving the weight of presence, especially for a bartender whose “harder” work is indeed to be present. The simple tasks become automated in the body, and the repetition allows the mind's focus to not dwell on any given sense but lightly embrace a moving sensuous whole. This embrace allows one to become full with the world like the knitter who makes subtle finger motions, counts loops, and watches TV. Simplicity and repetition manifest a mode of being that might as well be non-being, or at least isn't particularly concerned with fighting to protect one's “being there.”
But I was wrong about assembly line work because I failed to recognize that part of the constitution of the assembly line beaks this pleasure in a way that could easily also happen for my bartender coworker. The break is founded not on duration or even speed of the task, but rather by the fact that the tasks in a job and more precisely a job where one neither owns nor controls ones labor.
Cutting lemons for my coworker was a choice, as was what to do with the lemons, and this is what allowed her the pleasure. It's one of the perks of food service with its varied tasks and basic structure that resists over Taylorization. Rather than dictating each motion, the boss gives broad instruction to “wait tables” or “tend bar.” But still the difference is clearly quantitative not qualitative. My coworker knows that when the manager explicitly directs her to (or not to) cut lemons, which can happen at any time, all the richness of non-being evaporates. The pleasure in cutting lemons is only accessible when one can do it, “mindlessly,” and “zone out.” The boss however doesn't want you to do it, “mindlessly,” they want you to do it carefully, precisely, and to be ready to be directed to do something else at any moment. If I actually did work on an assembly line, I might be able to find pleasure, but probably only for the first week or two. After that, as when the manager directs my coworker, it would become clear that I had no choice in the matter of doing this work, and the reality of it being a job would interject and force me back to reality, back to being.
It is when I am reminded that my work is only part of the machinations of generating profit, that I am forced to be present. To put this anther way: freedom is a necessary precondition for non-being.
Pleasure in simplicity and repetition is a pleasure taken freely or not at all. At work, it is stolen from the boss, directly against their will, and a mark on my unassailable and persistent freedom. It is not an act of passive resistance, it is an act of active resistance. It is an act of the primordial strength of my being that stands as a mockery to the absurd notion that I have “sold” my labor-power and thus that while I'm on the clock my boss “owns” anything besides my agreement not to disabuse them of this fantasy. It is only because I, as myself, can never become completely incorporated into the machine of profit generation that I can zone out at work.
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Historically, this situation marks out a new station in the history of freedom. Capitalism creeps into the daily rhythms of survival and picks tasks to make “valuable,” which is to say to inscribe them into a system of production founded on the worker who neither owns nor controls their work. Over the course of this creep, excluded and de-valued necessary labor become transformed into products that face us fully formed. Where once a portion of the day was needed to knit a scarf, Target's shelves now offer the attractive finished product without comment on its making. In buying a finished scarf from Target one is finally offered a choice of whether to knit, or not. Choosing to knit is now newly free and this opens new territory in the practices of non-being as the pleasure of “zoning-out” becomes something you do with your free time, which is to say as a hobby. This is the capitalist station of freedom, of choice, of imagining not “having to” do anything.
Capitalism's creep can however never be complete. The absolutization of the freedom to never have to knit if you don't want is hollow. This fact is the true lesson taught by the maintained existence of an imperial periphery and feminized home-front where unvalued work is still obligated to be done. There are always things that, “have to be done.” Moreover, knitting as a hobby is so often pleasurable precisely because it is a continuation of resistance on the job in that it offers a relief from the pressure for presence at work, and contrasts being on the clock so dramatically. This immediate freedom apparent in capitalism thus cannot be as absolute as it claims, and indeed is empty. The emptiness is also the significance of the worker's pleasure in simplicity and repetition. The freedom inscribed in this resistance is a negation of capitalism's immediate freedom from within. Specifically it takes the scenes that manifest that immediate freedom, but point in a different direction. The freedom to buy a finished scarf is not the freedom to never knit, but the freedom not have to spend all your time knitting scarves (one should take this line metaphorically). The freedom implicit in the worker's resistance is one that is agnostic to whether or not the work has to get done, it's instead of negation of being forced to do it. Moreover, it's a negation of the boss's drive for constant presence and capital's rejection of non-being. Pleasure in simplicity and repetition opens the possibility of freely moving from being to non-being. This freedom is determined not by the possibility of being liberated from production, but rather from finally being able to integrate into the productive process in a way radically different from the boss's desire for the worker to become machine.
The worker, meaning concretely myself, dreams of being able to work freely and move freely from being present, to “zoning out,” thus of ending a prioritization of presence and opening the conditions for radically reconsidering this conceptual terrain itself.
That this freedom only appears now in stolen form, whether on the clock of after when it is a hobby, means that the material preconditions for it becoming prevalent and universal are not there. On the assembly line the simple repetitive work takes up all of your time, at the bar the boss maintains control of your work. Thus two developments are needed for our dreams to become real: first a level of technological development sufficient to allow a sweater to be produced while also leaving enough time to move on to another task, one more or less “mindless,” one more or less simple and repetitive. And second, the absence of the coercive force from work and thus the abolition of private ownership over the means of production. While these seem far off today, they are necessary and possible steps in workers movement for freedom.













