Biology 2.24
Identify sources and describe functions of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats and oils), vitamins A, C and D and the mineral ions calcium and iron, water and dietary fibre as components of the diet.
carbohydrates give our bodies energy. good sources of carbohydrates are wheats, grains, and starch.
proteins make new cells in our bodies and replace those that are old or damaged. sources of proteins include nuts, beans, lentils, meat, eggs, dairy, and fish.
lipids are in charge of storing energy and keeping us warm. anything oily or greasy, such as dairy is a good source of lipids.
vitamin A maintains healthy skin, teeth, skeleton, soft tissue, mucus, and membranes. It promotes good vision, reproduction and breast feeding. Sources are bright yellow and orange fruits, such as carrots, pumpkin, sweet potato, or animal products.
vitamin C grows and repairs tissues in all parts of body, by helping it make collage. It heals wounds, and repairs and maintains bones and teeth. It is found in citrus fruits and juices, kiwi, broccoli, mangos, brussel sprouts, berries, spinach, papaya, fruit and vegetables.
vitamin D maintains normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus. It helps absorb calcium as well. It is found in the flesh of fatty fish, such as salmon or tuna.
calcium keeps bones and teeth strong, and supports the skeletal structure. It is in charge of cell signalling, blood clotting, muscle contraction, and nerve contraction. Sources include soy milk, dark leafy greens, fortified orange juice, breads, grains, almond milk, milk, and cheese.
iron makes oxygen carrying proteins like haemoglobin and myglobin. It makes up part of many proteins as well. Found in wholegrains, dried beans, dried fruit and red meat.
water in sweat cools us down and blood transports substances that are dissolved in water. waste chemicals are also passed out of body in water. Chemical reactions occur in cells, in water. Water is found in all edible liquids.
Dietary Fiber reduces chance of heart disease, absorbs poisonous waste and prevents constipation. It lowers cholesterol level in blood as well. Found in grains, fruit and vegetables, beans, nuts, seeds, and wheat.