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INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF PH AND TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN T. aestivum and T. durum VARIETIES |  PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY.

Extreme temperature and pH have a negative impact on wheat productivity. In addition, the interaction of temperature and pH has a significant impact on plant growth and development. Seven days old wheat varieties of Triticum aestivum (HI1418, HI1500, HI1531, HI1544, HI1563, HD2932) and Triticum durum (HD4672, HI8381, HI8498, HI8627, HI8663, HI8737) were assessed for nine various pH (4.0, 5.0, 6.0) and temperature (10°, 20°, 30°C) combinations in this study. In a static hydroponic setting, seedlings were supplied with one-fourth strength hoag land nutrient solution. The effect of temperature on fresh tissue weight, length, and chlorophyll concentration was more pronounced. At 20°C and 30°C, the weight, length, and chlorophyll content of new shoot tissue increased for all T. aestivum and T. durum types. Both species' root weight and length were only slightly altered. The effect of pH on NR activity, protein, and proline content could be seen. At pH 6, NR activity declined as temperature increased, whereas at pH 4 and 5, activity increased up to 20°C in T. aestivum and T. durum types. Except for HI1544, protein content in T. aestivum shoot tissue was high at pH 4 temperature 10°C, but in root tissue it was pH 5 temperature 20°C. T. durum, on the other hand, had a high protein concentration at pH 6 and a temperature of 20°C. At 10°C, both species had high proline content, which declined as temperature increased, with the exception of HI1544, HI1563, and HD2932 at pH4. T. durum had high protein and low proline content when compared to T. aestivum. Furthermore, HD 4672, HI 8498, and HI 8737 cultivars had low proline and high protein content at pH 5, suggesting that they might be grown on non-arable land.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5853

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THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALS OF BIOSYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM Phyllanthus amarus LEAF AGAINST RESISTANT CLINICAL BACTERIAL ISOLATES |  Journal of International Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

The endurance of infectious agents to medications is a serious danger worldwide. This endurance to medications implies increase in number of death that can leads to decrease in human population. Antibiotic resistance mostly triggered by antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) is the most terrifying. The present therapeutic measures used on antibiotic enduring bacteria have a setback like its inability to kill the target bacteria. Both the search and interest for brand-new therapeutics that can overpower this setback has preceded to massive investigation on plants phytochemicals. Preparations from plants sources tend to be favourable with little or no side effects in comparison with synthetic drugs. Nevertheless curative attribute of preparations from plant sources becomes conceded as a result of their little bio-obtainability. Incorporation of the plants phytochemicals with innovative methods of delivery in form of nanocarriers can overpower this setback. The aim of the research is to verify the therapeutic and ethnopharmacological potentials of bio-synthesized AgNPs from Phyllanthus amarus plant leaf as an antibacterial agent against resistant bacterial isolates. Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides and triterpenoids. The in vitro antibacterial activity of biologically synthesized AgNPs from Phyllanthus amarus aqueous leaf extract was determined by agar disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. The results of the bioassay obtained showed that the biologically synthesized AgNPs had antibacterial potential against the clinical resistance bacterial isolates. Both the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the biologically synthesized AgNPs ranges from 125µg/ml-500 µg/ml.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/JIRMEPS/article/view/5851

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INFLUENCE OF Azadirachta indica L AS PHYTOGENIC FEED SUPPLEMENT ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNOMODULATORY RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS |  Journal of Biology and Nature,

This research looks at Azadirachta indica (neem leaf) as a phytobiotic feed addition to synthetic antibiotics in broiler chicken production. A total of 300 Arbor-Acre day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six different food treatments, each with fifty birds. Each treatment was repeated five times, with each replicate including ten birds. There were six isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets created. Diet 1 (0 percent NLM; +ve control), diet 2 (0 percent NLM; -ve control), diet 3 (0.50 percent NLM), diet 4 (1.00 percent NLM), diet 5 (1.50 percent NLM), and diet 6 (1.50 percent NLM) were the basal diets supplemented with neem leaf meal (NLM) (2.00 percent NLM). When compared to those on diet 1 (+ve control), NLM supplementation boosted body weight gain by 2.29-5.41 percent at 1-3 weeks of age and 2.51-4.98 percent at 1-6 weeks of age (P = 0.05). Broiler chicken slaughter, dressed weights, white blood cell (WBC) counts, heterophil, monocytes, and platelets all improved (P = 0.05), while aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alanine phosphatase (ALP), glucose, low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, and triglycerides all decreased significantly (P = 0.05). In conclusion, Azadirachta indica leaf meal revealed to be a viable alternative to synthetic antibiotics in broiler hens, improving weight gain, immune system function, and overall health.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/JOBAN/article/view/5848

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ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF SOME STANDARD ANTIBIOTICS DISCS COATED WITH BIOLOGICALLY SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM Cassia occidentalis LEAVES |   ournal of Medicine and Health Research

In the field of medicine, biologically generated silver nanoparticles are widely used. Cassia occidentalis leaf extracts were used to reduce aqueous silver ions in the brief phase of extracellular production of silver nanoparticles. The goal of this study is to see how effective typical antibiotic discs coated with biologically produced silver nanoparticles from Cassia occidentalis leaves are against bacteria. Tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, and triterpenoids were discovered in preliminary phytochemical investigation of aqueous extracts. The colour change of plant extracts from yellow to dark brown confirmed the creation of silver nanoparticles. Antibacterial activity was examined using the disc diffusion method after standard antibiotic discs were coated with phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles at varied doses. S. typhi, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli are among the test cultures. The zone of inhibition was used to assess the antibacterial activity of conventional antibiotic discs coated with phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles. The results indicated that S. typhi, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli are sensitive; similarly, the MIC result indicates that S. typhi and E. coli are sensitive at 250 g/ml concentration, whereas K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa are sensitive at 500 g/ml; the MBC result indicated that E. coli, S. typhi, and K. pneumoniae are sensitive When compared to ordinary antibiotics alone, antibiotic discs coated with phytosynthesized AgNPs had better antibacterial activity against the bacterial isolates.

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ANTISNAKE VENOM POTENTIAL OF PLANTS AND THEIR BIOACTIVES: PEARLS FROM LITERATURE |   PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Envenomation caused by a snake bite is a substantial public health threat in many parts of the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. The World Health Organization's (WHO) list of forgotten tropical diseases includes a snake bite. Snake bite is a common word-related risk among ranch labourers, ranchers, snake-handlers, and others, resulting in deaths and, in many cases, long-term physical debilitation in active young people. The lack of availability of anti-serum in India's or other developing countries' medical services warrants immediate attention. The toxin's polyvalent adversary of serum accessible connections to poison, which prevents further effects but does not reverse the toxin's existing effects. The methodical approval of plants for toxin poisonousness is defended in light of the drawbacks associated with existing adversary of serum treatment. Plant extracts contain a plethora of phytoconstituents that can neutralise snake toxin proteins or venoms. Numerous phytocompounds have been discovered to exhibit a preference for the toxin's peptides, proteins, chemicals, toxic components, and metal particles. The current study demonstrated a step-by-step robotic methodology for determining the serum toxin capacity of restorative herbs and their bioactive venomous snake species.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5842

Keywords :- Snakes, venom, proteases, etc.  

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DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI OF Argania spinosa TREE AND MYCORRHIZAL INFECTIOUS POTENTIAL OF RHIZOSPHERIC SOIL OF 15 ARGANIA GROVES IN SOUTHWESTERN MOROCCO |   PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Despite the fact that several studies have identified endomycorrhizal fungal populations in the rhizosphere soils of argan trees planted in the southwest of Morocco, many sites in this region remain undiscovered. There is a need to investigate additional soil samples from other argan tree stands. As a result, we investigated endomycorrhizae diversity and mycorrhizogenic infectious potential (MIP) in rhizosphere soils taken from 15 argan forest stands (Lakhssas, Smimou, Ait Baha, Tamanar, Essaouira, Taroudante (Elkoudia), Ighrm, Guelmim, Immsouane, Anzi, Tiznit, Tag The findings demonstrated the presence of various AMF structures such as vesicles and arbuscules in the root cortex of the argan tree, with a mycorrhization frequency ranging between 90% and 100%. The total quantity of AMF spores isolated from the rhizosphere ranged from 561 spores/100g of soil (Smimou) to 69 spores/100g of soil (Smimou) (Tiznit). Glomus (15 species), Scutellospora (3 species), Entrophospora (4 species), Pacispora (2 species), Gigaspora (4 species), Acaulospora (10 species), and Ambispora were among the 39 morphotypes of endomycorrhizal fungal spores found (1 species). Glomus macrocarpum was the most common species in this AMF community, with an occurrence frequency of 12.64 percent. Under bioassay settings, 3g of rhizosphere soil from argan trees from several locations in southwestern Morocco stimulated mycorrhization of sorghum plants at a rate of 50%, indicating a strong infectious potential. This capability opens up the possibility of producing robust argan seedlings that can withstand environmental restrictions.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5841

Keywords :- Argania spinosa, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), MIP, diversity.

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ECOFRIENDLY GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM ROOT EXTRACT OF Echinops kebericho AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENIC BACTERIA |   PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The goal of this work was to create silver nanoparticles from the aqueous root extract of Echinops kebericho in a quick and easy way. Both lowering and capping abilities were demonstrated by the root extract. FTIR was used to examine the key chemicals involved in the manufacture of silver nanoparticles. The UV–Visible spectrometer and TEM were used to characterise the nanoparticles that were produced. Nanoparticles with an average size of 34 nm were discovered using TEM. A peak in the range of 420–435 nm was observed using a UV–Visible spectrometer. Antibacterial activity was observed against both Escherichia coli (gramme negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gramme positive) bacteria in antimicrobial experiments using silver nanoparticles. An increase in the plant extract resulted in a considerable increase in flavonoid and phenolic components. Antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH showed that plant extract reduced DPPH. The total finding implies that silver nanoparticles may be synthesised in less than 15 minutes. Furthermore, the absence of any chemical in the nanoparticles' creation makes them non–toxic, environmentally benign, and a viable alternative to traditional physical/chemical procedures.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5840

Keywords :- Antimicrobial, Echinops kebericho, green synthesis, nanoparticles, silver nitrate.

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REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF ONION DOWNY MILDEW DISEASE USING BIO-FORMULATION OF Pseudomonas fluorescens, LIMONENE AND ACETYL SALICYLIC ACID |   PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Under greenhouse and open field circumstances, the potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate JY8, limonene (L), and acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) to reduce onion downy mildew disease severity was tested individually and in combination. At 0.25 percent, 0.5 percent, and 4 mM, foliar sprays of formulated P. fluorescens JY8, limonene, and acetyl salicylic acid were utilised, respectively. The prescribed fungicide, Acrobat MZ 69 percent WP, was used at a rate of 0.25 percent, on the other hand. In addition, two genes encoding enzymes in the flavonoids biosynthesis pathway in Allium cepa, chalcone synthase and chalcone isomarease (CHS and CHI), were discovered at the functional and transcriptional levels (mRNA level) in onion tissues under diverse treatments. Under greenhouse and open field circumstances, the foliar spray with prescribed fungicide was the most effective therapy for reducing onion downy mildew disease severity, followed by limonene and acetyl salicylic acid (L+ASA) and limonene (L) alone. Except for the treatment with the combination (JY8+L+ASA), which was the least successful, all treatments including P. fluorescens JY8 produced a high yield of onion bulbs. The electrophoretic pattern of PCR products used to detect CHS and CHI encoding genes revealed that CHS gene expression was induced at a primary transcriptional band of 420 bp, however CHI gene expression was detected at the main two transcriptional bands of 340 and 970 bp. In comparison to other treatments and the untreated control, increased expression of the CHS gene was discovered in the ASA treatment, whereas higher expression of the CHI gene was detected in the JY8, ASA, JY8+ASA, and L+ASA treatments. Finally, JY8 and ASA treatments induced encoded polyphenol synthesis genes in onion tissues, and these genes may play a significant role in the defence response to downy mildew disease infection. However, using limonene (L) as an antifungal substance reduced the severity of onion downy mildew illness.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5839

Keywords :- Pseudomonas fluorescens, formulation, limonene, acetyl salicylic acid, onion downy mildew, disease severity, chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase.

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EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE AND SPRAYING WITH IBA IN SOME GROWTH PARAMETERS OF LUPINNS PLANT (Lupinus albus L.) |   PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The culture of Lupinus albus L on clay mix soil Mud, with plants exposed to three degrees of field capacity, was conducted in the greenhouse of the Department of Biology / College of Science / University Mosul (35, 55, and 75 percent ). To see the effect of those elements on Lupine development and several physiological features, researchers treated plants with three dosages of the growth regulator Indole Butyric acid IBA (0.0, 25, 50) mg / L. The results of the greenhouse experiment were examined using a completely randomised design (.C.R.D) as a factorial experiment. As the humidity was reduced from 75 to 55 and 35 percent of the field capacity, there was a substantial drop in plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, leaves number Per plant, and relative water content when compared to plants without treatment (18.4,14.3, 36.5, and 37.5 percent).

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5838

Keywords :- Lupinus albus L., lupinns plant, soil moisture, growth parameters.

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PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY OF A NATURAL POPULATION OF Colletotrichum SPP. ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES IN MOROCCO |   PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Because of the high physical similarity within the Colletotrichum genus and the inaccuracy of traditional identification methods, genetic methods have become indispensable. Despite the genus Colletotrichum's tremendous variety, only a few morphological features are exhibited. The morphological investigation of Colletotrichum lupini and Colletotrichum acutatum isolates from olive trees and strawberries revealed colonies with the same look and colour, cylindrical conidia, and spindle-shaped conidia of various sizes. The ITS region, which contains the ITS1, ITS2 sections, and the 5,8S gene, was sequenced to identify the Colletotrichum isolates investigated. The OCol1, OCol2, OCol3, OCol4, and FCollu3 isolates had more than 95% similarity to Colletotrichum lupini while the OColA isolate had more than 95% similarity to Colletotrichum acutatum, according to a BLAST analysis of the acquired sequences with other sequences from GenBank. The phylogeny of the five isolates identified in this study allowed them to be divided into two groups: one containing four Moroccan isolates and another containing other isolates from various countries with a Moroccan isolate (accession number: MN064849), the latter's phylogenetic proximity to other isolates in GenBank being explained by.

Please see the link :- https://ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5837

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EFFICACY OF NANOEMULSIONS OF PEPPERMINT AND CARAWAY OILS ON QUALITY OF "CANINO" APRICOT FRUITS UNDER COLD STORAGE |   PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca, L.) is a low chilling cultivar that may be found in a variety of tropical and subtropical climates. During storage, a pathogenic fungus exposes "Canino" Apricot fruits to various levels of microbial deterioration. Because of their biodegradability, natural plant extracts as essential oils are attracting the interest of researchers all over the world. In order to test the efficiency of nanoemulsions of essential oils extracted from peppermint and caraway fruits on increasing quality and extending storage life of "Canino" Apricot fruits under cold storage in the 2018 and 2019 seasons, this study was carried out in the lab. The fruits were submerged in water (control treatment), peppermint oil (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1%), and caraway oil (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1%), all of which contained Tween-80 0.05 percent (v/v). Fruits were air dried for half an hour at room temperature after being immersed in treatments for 2 minutes, then stored for 28 days at 0°C and 90–95 percent R.H. and examined weekly to determine changes in fruit quality characteristics during cold storage. The results showed that all of the essential oil nanoemulsions examined reduced weight loss, extended fruit storage time, and lowered decay %. Furthermore, essential oils had a positive effect on fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C, total soluble sugars, total phenols, and respiration rate after harvest. When compared to control, nanoemulsions of peppermint essential oil had the best efficacy on weight loss, decay, and firmness, while nanoemulsions of caraway essential oil had the best efficacy on total soluble solids, total sugars, total acidity, vitamin C, total phenols, and respiration rate of treated fruits during cold storage.

Please see the link :- https://ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5836

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EFFECT OF MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM TOXICITY ON GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS OF MAIZE |   PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The majority of the wastes come from industry, and they comprise heavy metals, organic, and nonmetallic ions. Because of anthropogenic activities, soil contamination has become a coMon concern. In regions where anthropogenic pressure is high, heavy metals such as lead, chromium, manganese, and cadmium are coMon environmental contaminants. Heavy metal accumulation in agricultural settings has an impact on crop growth and soil organism activity. Heavy metals have an impact on plant metabolism and are distributed by contamination of the air, water, and soil. The primary goal of this research is to determine the effects of Mn and Cr toxicity on growth-related variables in maize genotype white corn, as well as to determine whether one maize genotype is more resistant to metal stress than another. During the suMer season, the study was conducted in the physiology lab at IMBB, University of Lahore. Mn and Cr (0, 0.25M, 0.50M) were applied alone and in combination to white corn, and data was collected at various growth phases. For all parameters except fresh stem weight and fresh root weight, analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between 9 different treatments, and tukey's test revealed that treatment 0.5M MnCl2+0.5M CrCl3 had a high toxic effect, while treatment 0.25M MnCl2 + 0.5M CrCl3 had a lower toxic effect. However, when it came to photosynthetic pigments, treatments 0.5M CrCl3 and 0.25M MnCl2+0.25M CrCl3 were the most affected, while treatments 0.25M MnCl2 and 0.25M CrCl3 were the least affected. As a result of its resistance to Cr and Mn stress, maize genotype may be used for phytoremediation in the future.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5835

Keywords :- Heavy metal, toxicity, analysis of variance, effect on plants; soil pollution.

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CHANGES IN GROWTH CHARACTERS OF TWO CUCURBITS INOCULATED WITH MYCORRHIZA AND AUGMENTED WITH POULTRY MANURE UNDER SEA SALT STRESS |   PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The effects of inoculating Cucurbita maxima and Telfairia occidentalis with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus geosporum on growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments in saline soil enriched with poultry dung were investigated (PM). Ibeno provided saline soil and salt water, while Etinan, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, provided non-saline soil. A complete block design was used to set up the experiment in triplicates (CBD). The electrical conductivity (EC) of the saline soil was 6.70 dS/m, while the EC of the garden soil was 0.29 dS/m. The saline soil treatment reduced percentage germination, shoot length, petiole length, internode length, and leaf area considerably (p=0.05). The total photosynthetic pigments of the test plants were significantly reduced (p=0.05) when the soil was saline. In both saline and non-saline treatments, inoculation with AMF alone or in combination with PM enhanced growth metrics in the two test plants. The findings reveal that AMF and PM synergy can improve the test plants' ability to tolerate salt stress by causing morphological and physiological changes, as well as increased vigour due to the large network of mycorrhizal roots that promotes nutrient intake.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5834

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VARIABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR SOME MORPHO-YIELD TRAITS AMONG ELITECHICKPEA (Cicer arientinum L.) GERMPLASM |   PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Intensity of selection, accidental domestication, and natural changes increase the frequency of harmful alleles, cause genetic drift, and limit plant genetic diversity. The existence of genetic variety for various physical features among genetic material is extremely important for a species' survival. During rabi 2019-20, we investigated elite chickpea germplasm under the agro-climatic conditions of Gram Breeding Research Station, Kallurkot, Punjab, Pakistan, to meet this demand in chickpea, an important pulse legume. A tri-replicate randomised complete block strategy was used to study fifty elite chickpea germplasm entries and two standard check varieties. D2 statistics, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were used to analyse the data. The results demonstrated a broad range of data dispersion for range, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation, showing that the germplasm entries had high variability. The first two components extracted larger Eigen values and made major contributions to the formation of genetic variation, according to principal component analysis. In the construction of PC1 and PC2, PCA demonstrated that the number of pods, root length, 100 seed weight, and yield kg ha-1 had larger positive loadings. The germplasm entries were divided into four distinct clusters using cluster analysis. Ward's dendrogram, based on Euclidean distance, revealed that members of clusters III and IV were the most diverse in terms of performance on the many qualities tested. Cluster-III had higher values for number of pods, root length, 100 seed weight, and yield kg ha-1 in the mean performance of multiple traits in cluster analysis. As a result, members of cluster-III (GP-01937, GP-17215, GP-16929, and Punjab-2008) have the best genetic constitution for yield-related variables and should be chosen when selecting chickpeas for genetic improvement.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5833

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A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND VISUALISATION OF RESEARCH TRENDS IN CITRUS PSOROSIS VIRUS |   PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Psorosis is a viral ailment that affects citrus plants and is caused by the CPsV virus (Citrus Psorosis Virus). CPsV infects the leaves and bark of citrus trees, unlike other severe citrus viruses. The grafting technique is the main mode of transmission for this plant disease. This bibliometric analysis was carried out to determine the number of active authors, organisations, journals, and countries involved in research on “Psorosis CPsV.” The VOS viewer was used to evaluate all published papers connected to "Psorosis" from "Scopus" in order to create analysis tables and visualisation maps. The goal of this article was to compile the literature on Psorosis and to discover trends in the field. The most productive journals in this field are Journal of Plant Pathology, Plant Pathology, Journal of General Virology, and Journal of Biotechnology. Argentina and the Netherlands are the most active countries. The most active organisation with the most publications is the Institut De Biologie Moléculaire Des Plantes Du Cnrs. With the most citations and the highest average citation, the University of Florida, IFAS Citrus Research and Education Center is the most productive organisation in this research subject. Garcia M.L., Grau o, Barthe G., Brlansky R.H., and Fayad A. are the most active authors.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5832

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MODERATING EFFECT OF BOARD INDEPENDENCE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND PROFITABILITY OF LISTED INDUSRIAL GOODS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA  |  Journal of Economics and Trade

Due to the lack of consensus on the relationship between capital structure and profitability around the world, a moderating component must be considered to strengthen the association. As a result, this study uses board independence as a moderator to look at how it affects the relationship between capital structure and profitability in Nigerian listed industrial goods businesses from 2006 to 2018. The study's population consists of all twenty-one (21) industrial products companies registered on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) as of December 2018. The sample for the study is made up of ten (10) companies. The study used recorded data from the sampled companies' annual reports and accounts. The data was first analysed using descriptive statistics to get summary statistics for the variables. Following that, a correlation study was performed utilising the Pearson correlation approach to determine the correlation between the dependent and independent variables, as well as the OLS regression technique. The findings revealed that debt to equity ratio, a capital structure proxy, has a significant positive impact on profitability, whereas board independence has a significant negative impact on the relationship between capital structure and profitability of listed industrial goods companies in Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study recommends that policymakers and management of industrial goods companies determine the optimal capital structure while also adhering to the code of corporate governance to ensure a perfect mix of board independence, as some companies do not adhere to the 50 percent mix of executive and non-executive directors in the governing board.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/JET/article/view/5764

Keywords :- Board independence, capital structure, industrial goods, Nigeria and profitability

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ROLE OF MOLECULAR MARKERS TO STUDY GENETIC DIVERSITY IN BAMBOO: A REVIEW  |  PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The genus Bambusa (family Poaceae) is the world's fastest growing grass, adapting to a wide range of environmental conditions. Bamboos are used to make poles, paper, charcoal, and candles, among other things. The majority of bamboo species are edible and have a high nutritional and mineral value. Fresh and dried bamboo shoots, leaves, and other parts are consumed as food. Because of its great nutritional value, edible bamboos are used to make tea, pickles, and a variety of other dishes. To meet the bamboo's requirements, flowering occurs infrequently and seed viability is limited. Bamboo can be grown in a lab setting. Bamboo is grown in the laboratory using various explants. Traditional techniques of classifying bamboo are ineffective because it is found all over the world and has a wide genetic variation. Around 1200 species of bamboo are native to Asia and the New World, and their genetic diversity may be assessed using various molecular markers. A variety of molecular markers are available to aid in the classification of bamboo and the detection of genetic variability in bamboo. The use of molecular markers in the genetic evaluation of bamboo species is highlighted in this paper.

Please see the link :- https://ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5860