Tiny Grammar Cheatsheet: When to Use Hyphens for Compounds
Compound: two words used together ‣ terms can move between the form of compound, usually reflecting frequency of usage: base ball (open compound) ➛ base-ball (hyphenated compound) ➛ baseball (closed compound)
There is no set answer for when to use hyphens. The Merriam Webster Dictionary reports that they often only have one variation in their database, but that does not mean others aren't used or are wrong. ‣ Examples of formerly hyphenated compounds: shoelace, postcard, rattlesnake, doorknob... ‣ But even constructs related to each other can differ: backyard ⭤ front yard ➛ Remember that language is a fluid construct!
There still are some loose rules you can follow to get a general grasp on what will probably be accepted. A compound is (typically) hyphenated when: ‣ a noun is being modified with a compound adjective ending in a participle: a sun-bleached roof (Hyphens are not used for the adverbial -ly ending: lightly salted peanuts) ‣ a usually open compound modifies another noun: He loves science fiction, he is actually is going to a science-fiction convention soon. (Exceptions possible if terms are common enough: real estate agent) ‣ listen to your gut and see what feels and looks right. Maybe if it is a term specific to a field, see how others in said field use it. ‣ Note that using or not using a hyphen may reveal how (un)familiar you are with a term, which may carry connotations you did not intend for














