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Journal of Lab Animal Research Jlar publishes the results of original papers, case reports, and reviews on all aspects of the care and use of animals in research. jlar.rovedar.com

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Embryo transfer in murine models is a fundamental technique in biomedical studies, particularly in reproductive biology, genetic modification, and transgenic animal production. Successful implementation of this method requires appropriate laboratory infrastructure, technical expertise, and careful standardization of procedures. The present study aimed to report the first pilot embryo transfer in mice at the National University of La Plata, Argentina, and to evaluate the technique's initial feasibility and efficiency.

Available at:https://doi.org/10.58803/jlar.v5i1.97

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Captive tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) are widely used as experimental models for neurological, visual, and infectious disease studies. Despite evidence suggesting a genetic or physiological predisposition to systemic amyloidosis in this species, its clinicopathological characteristics are still poorly understood. The present study aimed to characterize clinicopathological changes associated with systemic amyloidosis in a captive breeding colony of Tupaia belangeri (T. belangeri) and to explore potential early ante-mortem indicators in blood indices, imaging, or clinical examination of the disease.

Available at:https://doi.org/10.58803/jlar.v5i1.88

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The emergence of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas genome-editing technology represents fundamental changes with significant implications for oral and maxillofacial medicine. The present study aimed to synthesize current evidence from fundamental in vitro studies, engineered animal models, and emerging clinical trials to critically evaluate the potential applications and challenges of this biotechnology.

Available at:https://doi.org/10.58803/jlar.v4i6.91

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Spaying female rabbits may be necessary to control certain behaviors and prevent pregnancy. Since gaseous anesthesia is unavailable under field conditions, injectable anesthesia is required. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of routine injectable intramuscular anesthetics, including ketamine and xylazine, during the spaying procedure in rabbits.

Available at:https://doi.org/10.58803/jlar.v4i6.85

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Wishing everyone a Happy New Year as we welcome a new beginning and a promising year ahead.

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Roles of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Diagnostic Pathology and Surgical Outcomes in Laboratory Animals: A Systematic Review

Available at:https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/84

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, highlighting the need for new and complementary therapeutic methods and strategies. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of medicinal plants recommended by the renowned Persian physician Avicenna (Ibn Sina) for TB treatment, focusing on their phytochemical compounds and mechanisms of action. The present study combined a historical analysis of Avicenna's Canon of Medicine to identify medicinal plants used for tuberculosis with a systematic literature review (2000-2024) to evaluate their modern pharmacological evidence.

Available at:https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/83

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Minipigs are a popular model for many organs in the translational research ecosystem due to their similarities to humans.  Minipigs develop naturally occurring periodontal disease, making them a compelling model in orofacial studies.  However, periodontal disease influences the inflammatory status, the oral and gastrointestinal microbiome, and could impact the results of studies in porcine models. The present study aimed to adapt the canine total mouth periodontitis scoring (TMPS) system for use in Yucatan Minipigs and to compare the TMPS calculated from a full mouth evaluation to a more efficient TMPS QUICKSCORE. 

Available at :https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/73

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In vivo studies remain a cornerstone of biomedical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies, providing critical insights into the safety and efficacy of novel interventions. However, the reliability and translational value of such experiments are frequently undermined by methodological errors, hidden contaminations, and uncontrolled confounding factors. Poor study design, insufficient randomization, and operator-related inconsistencies introduce variability that may obscure true biological effects.

Available at:https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/78

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The CRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionized genome editing, offering unprecedented precision and efficiency in gene modification. Its potential in cancer therapy, particularly oncolytic gene therapy, has garnered significant attention, especially with the development of advanced delivery platforms. However, effective and safe in vivo delivery of CRISPR components remains a major barrier to clinical translation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of viral and non-viral nanocarrier systems for CRISPR-Cas9 delivery, with a particular focus on their application in xenograft models of cancer.

Available at :https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/66

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Aframomum pruinosum seeds have been widely used in traditional medicine to treat lung infections as a cytoprotective plant-derived medicine. The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of A. pruinosum in Wistar rats subjected to bleomycin-induced lung injury.

Available at :https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/59

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Biodegradable composite biomaterials are essential in healthcare, effectively tackling numerous complex challenges. Bone reconstruction is a surgical procedure aimed at remedying segmental bone loss, which is notably complicated and often fails to heal properly. A novel bone graft substitute incorporating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) has been developed and is tested in vivo in calvarial defect models of rat. The present study aimed to evaluate the bone regeneration potential of PVA – HA composite bone graft.

Materials and methods: A total of 24 adult male Wistar rats aged 12-15 weeks with an average weight of 150 grams were used in the current study. A 4 mm full-thickness critical-size defect was created on the parietal bone and filled with the pre-sized graft material. Radiography, micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, histology, and serum biochemical parameters, including alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity, were utilized to evaluate the healing potential of the graft material.  The animals were observed for twelve weeks. An immediate postoperative dorsoventral view of the skull was exposed at day zero and subsequent radiographs were taken periodically at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 in a group including 24 animals.

Results: Immediate post-operative radiographs revealed the radiolucent nature of the graft material. Throughout the healing process, it was observed that the graft remained in position and was intact. The values of serum biochemical parameters alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity) were haphazard throughout the observation period. In the 8th week, signs of progressive degradation of the graft material and bone regeneration could be seen, particularly on radiography, micro-CT scanning electron microscopy, and histologic examination.

Conclusion: It is concluded that the test graft material successfully accelerated bone regeneration and completely integrated with the host bone at week 12 of the experiment in the rat model.

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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multitudinous metabolic disorder that can occur due to insufficient or inefficient levels of insulin that leads to hyperglycemia. In many conditions, diabetes can also directly or indirectly lead to other functional disorders such as dyslipidemia and hypertension making them more severe and life-threatening. It is believed that Type 1 Diabetes can be caused by to process of auto-immune destruction of beta-cells of Islet of Langerhans of the pancreas responsible for the production of insulin whereas Type 2 diabetes is because of resistance against insulin along with the futilities of beta-cells to compensate the body with the required amount of insulin. The animal models are considered an essential component in the experimental studies and drug discovery process. Animal models provide safety, effectiveness, and dose of the test substance that needs to be extrapolated to human use. There are several methods for the induction of diabetes in experimental animal models. The present review aimed to discuss and explore currently used approaches including models from streptozotocin-induced diabetes to transgenic models for reproducible and safe diabetes induction in different experimental animals (rats, mice, guinea pigs, and dogs) and sex. Additionally, some genetically modified animal models are also included and discussed in this review which will pave the way for further studies.

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Indexing and Archiving

JLAR is indexed in CAS.

CAS is a division of the American Chemical Society that provides products and services that help empower scientific discoveries. Check out o

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It is important to capture wild animals with minimal stress to reduce morbidity and mortality. Oral premeditates have the potential to reduce stress during handling and ease the subsequent administration of anesthetic drugs.  This study was conducted to evaluate the hematological and serum biochemical changes associated with anesthesia in male Bonnet Macaques using haloperidol or chlordiazepoxide premedication.

Materials and methods: Twelve adult male Bonnet Macaques aged around 4 to 6 years were randomly allotted to two groups of six each. The duration of the study was five hours. Animals of Group I were administered chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg body weight) orally and animals of Group II were administered haloperidol (1 mg/kg body weight) orally four hours before anesthetizing with the intramuscular injection of midazolam (0.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg). Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte, total leucocyte count, the volume of packed red cells, granulocyte, monocyte, and lymphocyte count were evaluated. Biochemical parameters such as creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, cortisol, glucose, calcium, sodium, and potassium were evaluated from the venous blood sample collected at 0th minute and 30th minute after induction of anesthesia.

Results: The results of the current study indicate that in hematological parameters, the volume of packed cells was significantly different at 0th and 30th minute in both groups. The total leucocyte count was significantly different at 0th  and 30th minute in Group I and Group Ⅱ, and the monocyte count was significantly different at 0th and 30th minute in Group I. For biochemical parameters, a significant difference was observed in creatine kinase in group II at 0th and 30th minute and cortisol at time 0th between Group I and Group II.

Conclusion: These results highlight the impact of anesthesia protocols on stress responses in Bonnet Macaques. Haloperidol premedication was linked to a greater increase in cortisol and creatine kina

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Indexing and Archiving

JLAR is indexed in AGRIS.

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Visceral pain, originating from internal organs, represents a challenging aspect of pain management due to its intricate mechanisms and often debilitating nature. Understanding the underlying pathways involved in visceral pain perception is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. The current study aimed to delve into recent advancements in the understanding of cannabinergic modulation of visceral pain perception, focusing on findings from interventional studies utilizing animal models, particularly rats.

Materials and methods: A total of 30 male rats aged 3 months, with an average weight of 220 g were randomly divided into 3 groups. The groups contained the control group which received an intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, the second group received an intraperitoneal injection of anandamide (2 mg/kg), and the third group received an intraperitoneal injection of tramadol (20 mg/kg). The pain in all groups was assessed by an acetic acid test.

Results: The data obtained from the intraperitoneal injection of anandamide to the rats of the experimental group showed a significant decrease in the amount of perceived visceral pain compared to the control group. In addition, the results showed that tramadol injection significantly decreased visceral pain in experimental group 2 compared to the control group. A comparison of the mean experimental groups 1 and 2 showed tramadol as an opioid agonist reduced visceral pain perception to a greater extent than anandamide.

Conclusion: The current study provides evidence for the involvement of cannabinoid receptors in the modulation of visceral pain sensation in rats.

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