(Kiko'sWorld of Facts)Psychology Student

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Adrian Gementiza’s Biography

    In Summer 2018 there was boy who is confused on what course or field would he take in college. This boy has only one simple dream in his life, that is to be a successful man someday. He is looking for an answer to his question, so he asked God for guidance on what course would bring him to success and to his dream. Many people call him “Kiko” he is a pure blooded Filipino, first when Kiko is a child he want to be a scientist to build and invent things that would help humanity in their daily livings. But later in his life he realized that his dream to be a scientist is impossible because of lack of money, and he also realized that he is not good at mathematical equation. When he is already 13 years old, he wants to be an Doctor (Surgeon) he want to save peoples life, by this profession he is surely that he would be a successful man by saving many life and also by earning a lot of money. Kiko has awards that he get during his middle and highschool years in academic and sports. Adrian Francis Emmanuel C. Gementiza also known as Kiko, is now a Psychology student in Davao Doctor’s College Philippines later we will discuss how he went to the Psychology field.         Adrian Francis Emmanuel C. Gementiza also known as “Kiko” was born on April 25,1999 in Davao City Philippines. He is the eldest  son among the two siblings  of a Fireman/Firefighter Jessie V. Gementiza and her wife Ruby C. Gementiza (House Wife). When Kiko was still a little boy he is so friendly and hyper, he always wanted to play and go outside with his friends. When he is playing he has interested in many things like robots, cars and etc. by this he decided that one day he wants to be a scientist that can invent or build things to help people in their daily living, like cars who can help people to go to their destination in an efficient way. When Kiko started to go at school, in his kindergarten days like other kids, he don’t have interest in academics and he just focus on making friends and playing with them. His grades was not good, he struggle a lot on spelling and he was bad at drawing. When he turns to his middle childhood years he encounter many trials especially in school, at first when he is 8 years old he got award in school for being an honor student and his grades turns great. but in his 3rd and 4th grade he struggle a lot and got some failed grades especially in mathematics. By this failure he realized that his dream on being a scientist is impossible to achieve. When he is in his 5th grade and turns to 11 years old Kiko developed a new hobby that makes him happy and feel productive. He enjoyed playing basketball with his friends and he wanted to be a basketball player someday, despite of his height. He was drafted to play for his school in his 6th grade year and they got 2nd place on a mini tournament. He was so happy on that time and focuses on his basketball career, but he never abandoned his studies, for him it is still important to finish your studies despite of the new things that will come to your life. In his highschool days by his love of basketball he makes it his passion, because of this he tryout to the mens basketball varsity team on their school. There were so many tall students that also join the tryout in that day, when the drafting was started Kiko is expecting to be on the team, but unfortunately he wasn’t able to got picked on the drafting phase. Kiko was so sad on the result of the tryout, again Kiko face another failure on his life and by this he quit basketball and focuses on his studies. In Kiko’s remaining year in highschool he got some award, he was awarded best in science in his first year in highschool, in his second year in higschool is an honor student, and in his third year he was awarded best in Filipino and also part on the honor list. But in his last year of his highschool life, he transfer school and got addicted on computer games. because of this he wasn’t able to be a part of the honor list and his grades went down, but still he was able to passed and graduate. Before he graduate on highschool by his love of science he had decided to be a doctor (surgeon). By this when he is in his Senior Highschool year, he chose a strand that is related to science, so he chose STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) despite of his struggle in mathematics he still make risk on choosing this strand. He successfully finished his Senior high year with no fail grades, but he struggle a lot on calculus and mathematics as expected. When he decided to go to college he said to his mother that he wanted to pursue med course and be a doctor (surgeon) but his mother did not agreed on what Kiko wanted to be,Kiko’s mother is very practical, for her Med course is so expensive and it too long to finished. This is the time that Kiko was confused on what course would he pursue. Kiko pray and ask guidance to God, when Kiko is scrolling in his facebook feed he saw many shared posts and article about, people who is suffering from depression and anxiety that resulted to suicide and lose of life. When he was reading he felt curious and question his self, why they need to ended their life?, Is depression and anxiety really hard to handle?, is depression and anxiety can caused this things?                 One day Kiko’s Auntie who was working in the the hall of justice recommended a good course for him, His Auntie said that this course is so on demand nowadays and it is so broad. By this course you can easily find a job especially in government agencies. His auntie wanted him to take the course of Psychology, Kiko immediately search this course in the internet because for him it is an unknown course. When he read about the field of psychology, the articles and post about depression and anxiety that he is curious about is in the field of psychology, and also Kiko has a girlfriend who is also pursuing psychology. By this he thinks that this is the sign and answer that God is giving to him. So by this he gave it a shot. Now Kiko is a second year student in bachelor of science major in Psychology, he is happy on the course that he is pursued, he learns a lot about depression, anxiety, and other mental disorder. He has also a brief knowledge on how to cope up with this matter. By now He is still hoping that he can finished this course that he loved so much. He makes psychology now as his passion although he struggled in some subject in Psychology especially when he take the psychological statistic, he still fighting and determined to achieve his goal in life.

[k1ko25]

Lifespan Development

Refers to the full process of human development from conception to death. It is a holistic approach to understanding all of the physiological, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that people go through.

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Prenatal Stage

In this stage the baby is still in the womb of the mother, the mother has a major role on taking care of her child. This is the most critical stage of taking care of a child; there are many things to do for us to raise a child. We all know that both men and women have 23 chromosomes and if you combine that it would be 46, after that it will turn into gametes  then embryo, zygote, fetus, before it form to it’s perfect form. A Child contains of a DNA or Deoxyribonucleic acid it is a material that makes up chromosomes and genes. A child also has a gene; it is a piece of genetic material that control or influence traits and they can get all of this both of their parents. Raising a child is so difficult they might develop disorder if a mother have lack of care of her child and it can affect them when they grow. Some autosomal disorder that they will get is Huntington’s disease, high blood pressure, extra fingers, migraine headaches, schizophrenia and many more. There are also chromosomal errors that a child can get; one of the common chromosomal errors is the trisomy 21 or commonly known as Down syndrome in which a child has three copies of chromosome 21. According to a book that I’ve read roughly 1 in every 800-1,000 infants is born with this abnormality. A mother should also about taken drugs like streptomycin, penicillin, diet pills, and tetracycline. It will cause negative effect to their child and can cause disorder and deformities to them. For example if a mother takes tetracycline it will cause tooth deformities to her child so if you are a mother you better avoid those drugs for the safety of your child. And lastly there are also environmental hazards that a mother should avoid. For example the noise of your environment, the chemicals that surrounds your environment and so on, it has a greater effect in the child’s growth in the womb.

 In this current generation many of us don’t know how difficult to raise a child, many of us are having “premarital sex” and  they just doing it for fun but they don’t think the consequences of what they are doing. As an individual we should think before we raise a child, a child is a gift for us from god that’s why we should take care of it and treasure it. There is something important that I want to share with you, having a disorder like schizophrenia has a big effect in raising a child. This disorder is inheritable therefore it will affect your child if you have a disorder like schizophrenia. So it is up to you if you still want to raise a child despite of having a disorder, just make sure that you can handle your child. It is just a piece of advice to prevent some conflict in raising a child. A mother has the biggest role in raising a child; she is the one who can secure the safety of a child especially in the first and third trimester of her pregnancy. Because this were the critical stage of raising a baby, so if you are a mother you better take proper rest, avoid stress, avoid drinking coffee, avoid smoking and drinking beer, and lastly you should avoid on being sick. A mother should also have a weekly or monthly check-up to her Ob-gyn to secure the safety of her child. A mother should know the needs of her child, what vitamins and fruits should she take and she should exercise to maintain a healthy diet that will help her child to grow well. Raising a child is a very difficult task to do, it is your responsibility as a parent to take care of your child from the day that he/she is still in the womb of her/his mother until the day that he/she will be raised in the world.

[k1ko25]

Infancy

            Approximate age from birth to 1 year. In Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial stages this is the “Trust versus Mistrust” .According to Erikson, hope; trust in primary caregiver and in one’s own ability to make things happen (secure attachment to caregiver is key). In this stage the infant is uncertain about the world in which they live, and looks towards their primary caregiver for stability and consistency of care. That’s why the parents should be there to take care for their child so that they will develop a sense of trust which will carry them to other relationships, and they will able to feel secure even when threatened. On the other hand if the parents have a lack of care to their child then the infant may develop a sense of mistrust, suspicion, and anxiety. In this situation the infant will not have confidence in the world around them or in their abilities to influence events.  Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of hope. By developing a sense of trust, the infant can have hope that as new crises arise, there is a real possibility that other people will be there as a source of support. Failing to acquire the virtue of hope will lead to the development of fear. In Jean Piaget cognitive theory this is the sensorimotor stage approximate age from birth to two years of age.  According to Piaget’s stage theory, children like to explore at the sensorimotor stage. They want to watch, hear, taste, and touch things around them. They learn about their environment by sensation: watching, grasping, sucking and manipulating objects they can get their eyes and hands on. They generally don’t appear to be thinking about what they do. During the late sensorimotor stage, children begin to learn the concept of object permanence. In other words, they know that an object will continue to exist even if they can no longer see it.

            As an individual I know how difficult for us to raise a child, it required knowledge, guidance, and practices to be a good parent and to raise a child perfectly. The parents has a major role in this stage, an infant needs an attachment to their parents for them to grow well. Before we make a child we need to face the consequences of it, it is like building a house you need to plan it well, you need to know more about it, so that your child will grow perfectly and for us to avoid failure in parenting them. Base on my knowledge many parents in the world specially here in the Philippines has lack of knowledge in raising a child, although some parents give financial support for their child but they have lack of attachment to their child. As a result the child feels unloved to their parents because of it, We need to know that there are  factors that a child needs and it is not all about financial support but also you need to bond with them and they need to feel your love to them by always there for them. Before you raise a child make sure that you are ready for a new role of your life, you are ready for a new challenge of your life, and lastly you are ready fill the needs of your own child.

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Early Childhood

             Approximate age from 3 to 8years old. In Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages this is the “Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt”.  If children in this stage are encouraged and supported with their parents in their increased independence, they become more confident and secure in their own ability to survive in the world. The child is developing physically and becoming more mobile, and discovering that he or she has many skills and abilities, such as putting on clothes and shoes, playing with toys, etc. Such skills illustrate the child's growing sense of independence and autonomy. In this stage a child has much development physically and emotionally, one example here is the development of their gross Motor skills and Fine-motor skills. In Jean Piaget’s cognitive developmental stage this is the ”Preoperational stage” which children become proficient in the use of symbols in thinking and communicating but still have difficulty thinking logically. In psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud this is the anal stage that occurs during 1 to 3 years and this is the toilet training stage. In this stage also a child can develop an ability called person perception which is the ability to classify others according to categories such as age, gender, and race.

        Early childhood is one of the most wonderful stages of our lives. Because in this stage we are still learning on the things that surrounds us, parents in this stage still have a major role in taking care of their child and training them to be a good person. As an individual we need to encourage and support our child on what they want in their lives, so that they will become more confident and secure in their life. Parents should also know the ability of their child, because in this stage a child will learn his/her abilities and the parent should help them to improve it and encourage them to practice it. In this stage children needs the presence of their parents for them to secure their safety and to be more confident in their daily living, that’s why parents should be their always for their child no matter what happened.

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Middle Childhood

              Approximate age from 8 to 11 years of age.  In Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages this is the  “Initiative versus Guilt” and “Industry versus Inferiority”. During this period the primary feature involves the child regularly interacting with other children at school. Central to this stage is play, as it provides children with the opportunity to explore their interpersonal skills through initiating activities. Children begin to plan activities, make up games, and initiate activities with others. If given this opportunity, children develop a sense of initiative and feel secure in their ability to lead others and make decisions.  Too much guilt can make the child slow to interact with others and may inhibit their creativity. Some guilt is, of course, necessary; otherwise the child would not know how to exercise self-control or have a conscience. In Jean Piaget’s cognitive developmental stage this is the “Concrete Operational Stage” in which children construct schemes that enable them to think logically about objects and events in the real world. In this stage a child can also understand much more complex abstract concepts, such as time, space, and quantity. They can apply these concepts to concrete situations, but they still have trouble thinking about them independently of those situations. In this stage also the child will be learning to read and write, to do sums, to do things on their own.  Teachers begin to take an important role in the child’s life as they teach the child specific skills. If children are encouraged and reinforced for their initiative, they begin to feel industrious (competent) and feel confident in their ability to achieve goals. If this initiative is not encouraged, if it is restricted by parents or teacher, then the child begins to feel inferior, doubting his own abilities and therefore may not reach his or her potential. If the child cannot develop the specific skill they feel society is demanding (e.g., being athletic) then they may develop a sense of inferiority

           Middle Childhood is the stage on our lives that gives us fun; this is the stage that we kept on finding and interacting with our friends, playing with them, and learning together in school with them. I still remember when I was in this stage every day in the morning until afternoon I’ll go outside to play with my friends; I just go home to eat my lunch and snacks. But there are times that my grandma and grandpa scolded me because I always play outside. By that experience I realize that if you are parents you shouldn’t stop your child to play and hangout with their friends outside, don’t stop them to do those things because it is a part of their childhood and if you stop them they will regret it for the rest of their lives and it will causes some conflict in your relationship with them. Parents in this stage should be supportive in every activity that their child will do/join. In this stage also the teacher has a major role in the development of the skills of a child. The teacher should help the child to improve its skills the like the teacher the parents also has a major role in this stage; they still need to encourage and support their child to achieve their goals in life. I still remember in my middle childhood days I want to be an honor student every year in school, I am so competitive in different ways, I’m afraid to lose specially in academics and sports and I hate losing. That’s why I study hard and train hard every day to be at the top in everything. But when time passes by I got tired with those things and got addicted to computer games, but the attitude of being competitive is still here.  I’m blessed that my parents and grandparents supported me with all of those activities that I’ve encountered.

[k1ko25]

Adolescence

         Approximate age from 12 to 18 years of age.  In Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages this is the “Identity versus Role Confusion”.  This is a major stage of development where the child has to learn the roles he will occupy as an adult. It is during this stage that the adolescent will re-examine his identity and try to find out exactly who he or she is. Erikson suggests that two identities are involved: the sexual and the occupational. According to Bee (1992), what should happen at the end of this stage is “a reintegrated sense of self, of what one wants to do or be, and of one’s appropriate sex role”. During this stage the body image of the adolescent changes. Erikson claims that the adolescent may feel uncomfortable about their body for a while until they can adapt and “grow into” the changes. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of fidelity. In response to role confusion or identity crisis, an adolescent may begin to experiment with different lifestyles (e.g., work, education or political activities).Also pressuring someone into an identity can result in rebellion in the form of establishing a negative identity, and in addition to this feeling of unhappiness. This is the most exciting stage of human development; this stage is the middle of childhood and adulthood. In this stage there are two major brain growth spurts: the first between ages 13 and 15 and the second between ages 17 and 19. This is the period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction also known as “puberty”.  In girls mature sexuality is achieved as early as 12 or 13 years old. Sexual maturity is achieved later in boys, with the growth spurt occurring a year or more after the start of genital changes. The risk of premarital sex will occur in this stage also, according to the book that I‘ve read teens have sexual intercourse by the time they reach their last year of high school. We can say that adolescence is the most risky stage of human development; in this stage we will be more curious in the things that surround us, especially those things that can affect our future. According to Freud adolescent are in the genital stage, a period during which sexual maturity is reached. According to Kohlberg “Moral Development” he proposed six stages of moral reasoning, organized into three levels. The preconventional , conventional, and the post conventional reasoning that may occur in the adolescence stage.

       Adolescence for me is the stage full of excitement; this is the stage that we develop many skills physically and mentally. This is the stage that we need to identify who we really are? What is our role in this world? What we should do in this world? And so on. In this stage also there are so many physical changes that may occur in our body because the puberty will occur in this stage. People in this stage are stubborn, they want to do all things that they want to, they don’t think the consequences of the things that they are doing.  It is good to do but we need to limit those things, because it can affect our future if we kept on doing it. So much failure will occur on this stage especially in decision making. We should balance our activity and focus on our studies, we need to be wise on our decision and be mature enough. As much as possible we need to lessen our mistake and focus on our goals in life, so that our future will be meaningful and successful.

[k1ko25]

Early Adulthood

        Approximate age from 20 to 40 years old. In Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stage this is the “Intimacy versus Isolation”. During this period, the major conflict centers on forming intimate, loving relationships with other people. During this period, we begin to share ourselves more intimately with others. We explore relationships leading toward longer-term commitments with someone other than a family member. Successful completion of this stage can result in happy relationships and a sense of commitment, safety, and care within a relationship. Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of love. People in this usually rooting for a relationship, they are finding their true love that will make them happy and will be there for them until forever. At this stage securing their job and building a family is their main priority. In this stage primary and secondary aging occurs. Primary aging is a result of biological factors that are largely uncontrollable. While Secondary aging can be influenced by lifestyle changes. The brain reaches a stable size and weight in early adulthood. There are strong evidence that at least one spurt in brain development occurs between ages 17 and 21. Neuropsychologists hypothesize that a second spurt occurs in the mid-to late 20’s. It is clear that adults are at their peak both physically and cognitively between ages 20 and 40. Rates of mental illness are higher in early adulthood than in middle adulthood; young adults are more likely to have depression or anxiety or to be lonely than are middle-aged adults. Early Adulthood is the period during which personality disorders and schizophrenia usually diagnosed.

         Early adulthood is the stage that we should know already the job that fits us; this is the stage that we need to have a job before we plan on building a family. As a 20 year old student I’m blessed that I have already chosen a specific job that fits me, I hope that I can manage and handle it when the time comes that I need to work for my family. When the time comes that I will be in this stage I hope that I can marry the girl of my life in a right place and in the right time, I hope that there is no conflict between our marriage and I hope that we will live happily. Before we go onto this stage we need to plan for the job that we will take on, we need to plan for a better future for our family, and last and the most important thing is that we need to do what we want to do with our family like travel around the world, skydiving, surfing, Mountain climbing, scuba diving and so on. We should be productive every day before we get older, we need to apply the saying “Time is Gold”.

[k1ko25]

Middle Adulthood

        Approximate age from 40 to 65 years old. In Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages this is the “Generativity versus Stagnation”. Generativity refers to "making your mark" on the world through creating or nurturing things that will outlast an individual. This is the stage people experience a need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often having mentees or creating positive changes that will benefit other people. We give back to society through raising our children, being productive at work, and becoming involved in community activities and organizations. Through generativity we develop a sense of being a part of the bigger picture. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world. In this stage Middle life crisis occurs, both men and women can experience a midlife crisis, but they experience the crisis differently. Men focus directly on their achievements, and their desire to prove their success to others around them, while women tend to fixate on their physical appearance, sexual attraction, and what they can do once their parenting duties have ended. Menopause in women will occur in middle adulthood stage, is a point in time 12 months after a woman's last period. The years leading up to that point, when women may have changes in their monthly cycles, hot flashes, or other symptoms, are called the menopausal transition, or perimenopause. That’s why most women in this stage is so sensitive in terms of their moods and emotions, and they are so irritable.

         Middle adulthood is the last phase of being an adult before you reach old age. This is the stage where middle life crisis occur, that’s why most of the people in this stage the time of reevaluation of his/her life which results into changing of job, moving out in the city and other transitions to their lives.   Those middle adults realize that their teenage life was only limited their desired goals was in life was not totally accomplished because this stage should develop your generativity sense or the desire to expand one's influence and commitment to family, society, and future generations. In other words, the middle adult is concerned with forming and guiding the next generation. As a 20 year old student before the time that I will reach this stage, I will secure  the things that I want to do like traveling, mountain climbing, and scuba diving with my the one. Because when the time comes that I reach this stage I will secure the future of my children, I will focus on guiding them and teaching them to the beauty of life.

[k1ko25]

Late Adulthood

         Approximate age from 65 until death. In Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages this is the “Integrity versus Despair”.  It is during this time that we contemplate our accomplishments and can develop integrity if we see ourselves as leading a successful life. Erikson described ego integrity as “the acceptance of one’s one and only life cycle as something that had to be” and later as “a sense of coherence and wholeness”. As we grow older (65+ yrs.) and become senior citizens, we tend to slow down our productivity and explore life as a retired person. Erik Erikson believed if we see our lives as unproductive, feel guilt about our past, or feel that we did not accomplish our life goals, we become dissatisfied with life and develop despair, often leading to depression and hopelessness. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of wisdom. Wisdom enables a person to look back on their life with a sense of closure and completeness, and also accept death without fear. Wise people are not characterized by a continuous state of ego integrity, but they experience both ego integrity and despair. Thus, late life is characterized by both integrity and despair as alternating states that need to be balanced. In this stage changes in the brain associated with aging include, most centrally, a loss of dendritic density of neurons, which has the effect of slowing reaction time for almost all task. Most people in this stage experience loss of memory and other disorder such as Alzheimer’s disease and Dementia.  Most people in this stage are looking back on what they did in the past days of their lives, because in this stage they don’t have the strength to do the things that they did before.

          Late Adulthood or most commonly known as the old age is the last stage of human development. As an Individual before I’ll reach this stage, I want to fulfill my goals in life just like to travel around the world with my love ones, do scuba diving because it is my dream to experience that one, go mountain climbing, buy my own car and house, and lastly to build my own business and company. I just want it to happen before I reach late adulthood so that I won’t regret it for the rest of my life. If I reach this stage I hope my memory is still functioning well, so that I can share my knowledge and experience to my children and grandchildren before I passed away. I hope before I die I can contribute more to the new generation. That’s all thank you.