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January 21st 1793: Louis XVI executed

On this day in 1793, the King of France Louis XVI was executed by guillotine in ‘Revolution Square’ in Paris. Louis ascended to the throne upon the death of his father Louis XV in 1774, four years after his marriage to Marie Antoinette. The monarchs proved controversial figures, due to Louis’s ineptitude and Marie’s extravagant tastes and devotion to Austrian interests. Both opposed monarchical reform and the reorganisation of the general assembly, a stance which spelled their doom as the French Revolution reached a turning point with the storming of the Bastille fortress in July 1789. In the midst of the unrest, in 1791, Marie and Louis attempted to flee to Austria, but were apprehended and returned to Paris. The royal couple were imprisoned in 1792, and the monarchy was abolished in the same year. For his efforts to thwart the revolution, the National Convention tried King Louis XVI for treason and executed him by guillotine in January 1793; he was executed as ‘Citizen Louis Capet’, rather than King Louis. In October of that year, Marie Antoinette was also convicted of treason and faced death at the guillotine. Their deaths marked a turning point in the French Revolution, and, indeed, in the history of France, as the nation transitioned from a monarchy to a republic.

“I die innocent of all the crimes laid to my charge; I Pardon those who have occasioned my death; and I pray to God that the blood you are going to shed may never be visited on France.” - Louis XVI before his execution