I feel like I never see people talk about how much plant/animal symbolism there is in TSH, but it actually might’ve been my favorite thing when reading it.
My favorite one was probably the wasps. Very early on, we see Richard describing the wasps at Hampden, and later on one reappears at Bunny’s funeral, where Charles kills it. After that moment, wasps aren’t mentioned again. However, bees are. Wasps, that symbolize chaos and territoriality are replaced by bees, that symbolize purity and community. It feels to me as thought the act of killing the wasp is just like the act of killing Bunny, it allows Richard to finally feel like he belongs.
I have seen people talk about the ferns. Before they kill Bunny, Henry says they’re looking for ferns, and Mrs. Corcoran receives pots of them before the funeral. Ferns symbolize everlasting youth, and new beginnings. The specific ferns that Henry gets after they kill Bunny, Spleenwort, symbolize growth and resilience.
The African Violets that are practically dead, according to Mrs. Corcoran, represents loyalty. They’re common Mother’s Day gifts. I find this really interesting specifically because they’re dying. Something about Mrs. Corcoran feeling ashamed of how she thinks Bunny died.
The Lyceum, where Julian’s office is, is covered by ivy (eternity, enduring love, and a protective, creeping attachment).
The birch tree that Richard first sees symbolizes new beginnings and purification (only a few pages after Richard says he feels like his existence is tainted).
The postcard that Richard sends to his mother after his first class with Julian has “fiery maples” on it, a symbol of wisdom and transformation.
At Bunny’s funeral, there’s Gladiola (remembrance, but also moral integrity), chrysanthemum (longevity), and palm (victory, peace, resilience). Mrs. Corcoran has a bouquet of rosebuds (youth, purity, new beginnings). Richard also mentions crows (death, wisdom) and beetles (transformation, cycle of life).
After the funeral, in Richard’s dream, he mentions hydrangea (purity and innocence, they’re popular at weddings, which gets me because they’ve just been to a funeral, arguably the opposite) and evergreens (immortality, life triumphing death).
When returning to Hampden, he describes honeysuckle (nostalgic memories, intertwined bonds) and lilac (renewal). Henry puts peonies in Julian’s office, symbols of the fleeting nature of life.
I could go on about Henry’s garden, but that’d take forever. But I will say that he mentions getting rid of spider mites, which symbolize hidden, creeping destruction (this reminds me of the ivy outside Julian’s office).
The black flies after Richard bails Charles out of jail symbolize sin and impurity. The flowers Richard and Francis bring Charles in the hospital symbolize new beginnings. When the return to Francis’s country home, it mentions bees again, and lilac (nostalgia).