New Year’s in Japan: A Resource Tool (+video & article links.)
Because I barely mentioned it in my Christmas post, I should follow up on New Year’s.
Research is your friend. I want to make sure people understand things are celebrated differently in Japan than in your country and, since you’re writing Japanese characters, you should want to portray that and not ignore it in favor of westernizing their traditions.
Ōmisoka (New Year’s Eve) and Oshōgatsu (New Year’s Day) are considered to be the two most important days of the year, serving as both the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one. Businesses are closed and people take off work for the first few days of the year to continue with the festivities.
Immediately after Christmas, people begin to prepare for the coming New Year (if they hadn’t begun already) and a lot of effort is put towards that.
Bonenkai (Forget-the-Year Parties) & Shinnenkai (New Year Parties)
Through December, companies and groups of friends gather together in what is called bonenkai. These are end-of-the-year parties with a lot of drinking, as a way to send off the year. When held by a company, and traditionally held in a bar (izakaya), it’s an occasion for employees to not worry about being formal in front of their superiors, and a time to build relationships.
During January, shinnenkai are held in a similar way in order to welcome the new year with friends and co-workers. Neither the bonenkai
Residences decorate their gates with kadomatsu and shimekazari, and decorate their homes with traditional flowers and kagami mochi, a display made as an offering to the deities.
Special foods are also prepared to be enjoyed on the Eve or the Day. The typical “menu” is the following things:
Toshikoshi Soba (”year-crossing noodles;” meant to be eaten before 12:00A.M. to leave your past problems behind in the previous year before starting fresh.)
Nabe (”hot pot;” a very popular winter dish with many variations.)
Mochi (”rice cake;” it is used in making both kagami mochi and zoni. Families will usually make their own together (mochitsuki) (examples: here, here & here.)
Zoni (a soup meant to be eaten on the first breakfast of the year. The main ingredient is mochi.)
Osechi Ryori (a large breakfast composed of small portions of many different foods, such as vegetables, fish, meat, & fish cakes. Each food has a specific meaning, such as longevity, wealth and prosperity, wishes for children, a good harvest, & celebration.)
Sending specialized postcards called nengajo is also a widespread custom with a long history. People send them out to their friends and family and the post office works extremely hard to make sure all of them are delivered on January 1st. With modern advancements and all, people are also able to send digital versions of nengajo through various social links like Line. Physical cards still remain the most popular, though, and go on sale well before January.
In addition to being well wishes, collecting them can be rewarding. Each come with a series of numbers, which represent numbers in a lottery. Some time after New Year’s, the numbers are announced and people bring their winning nengajo to the Post Office to claim prizes. It’s usually not anything too spectacular, but it’s nice to win something.
Special Programs (Kouhaku, Johnny’s Countdown & Gaki no Tsukai)
Usually shortened to Kohaku; it’s a program aired on NHK which showcases all of the most popular musical artists of the year in a giant concert. All of the female artists/groups are sorted into the Red team (akagumi) and the male artists/groups are sorted into the White team (shirogumi.) It was first broadcasted in 1951 and has grown bigger and more popular with each year. 2015′s program will be it’s 66th consecutive run.
Another music program similar to Kohaku, aired on Fuji TV. Instead of ending before midnight like the former, it runs until about two in the morning. It begins just as Kohaku ends.
Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!
Shortened to Gaki no Tsukai; it’s a long-running comedy show that always airs during the New Year’s time. In the “Batsu Game.“ the overall goal is “endurance,” and each time a person laughs, they are subjected to punishments.
New Year’s television is full of funny, creative, and really entertaining programs. Prank shows, music shows, comedy shows–it adds a whole level of entertainment to the holiday.
On the evening of the December 31st, temples and shrines strike a large brass bell 108 times before midnight (joya no kane.) It’s believed by Buddhists that the human soul has 108 mortal desires and, by doing this, it rids the people of their demons. Many people head out to see this being performed, and await the new year together, but families can also stay home and spend time together watching the various programs on television.
On the morning of January 1st, families have their breakfast feast of zoni and osechi and then participate in hatsumode (the first shrine visit of the year.) The first shrine visit is an important one, so it becomes very crowded. At the shrines, people pray and offer thanks to the deities in hopes for a prosperous new year, and often get mikuji (fortunes) which are distributed by those overseeing the shrine. If someone gets a bad fortune, people can leave it with the shine in hopes of them cleansing it.
To round it out, the biggest tradition (for children, anyway) is otoshidama. Money is gifted in decorative envelopes from all of their closest relatives. This is similar to the Chinese tradition of giving gifts of money to children in red envelopes. Parents, aunts and uncles, and grandparents as well. Depending on the age, a kid can expect anything from 10-100$USD from each person.
Here are some YouTube links with more condensed explanations:
Orangetummy - How the Japanese celebrate New Years 日本のお正月
TabiEats - Japanese New Year and How We Celebrate(日本のお正月)
Rachel & Jun - How Japanese celebrate New Year! 日本のお正月 (2015年)
randomyoko - ✰初詣等✰ NEW YEAR IN JAPAN 2013(2673) EDITION
Here are some articles as well: