Life In the Indigo Padlock
"The Uses of Sorrow”
(in my sleep I dreamed this poem)
//
Someone I loved once gave me
a box full of darkness.
//
It took me years to understand
that this, too, was a gift.
— Mary Oliver
Sorrow: it’s a word that shows up in the works of many writers, myself included. As a concept, its meaning is almost as unattainable as the idea of the beloved, the divine, or death. In some cases, even penning the word elicits a strong response from critics and fellow writers, reminding us of how, in certain religious customs, to transcribe the “name” of the divine is viewed as taboo. Now, while there’s no specific rule to which no one may point and say “It’s written here that you shall not directly reference sorrow in your writing, except in cases A, B, C, D, &c.,” it’s certainly viewed as somewhat clichéd. And yet we still use the word frequently in prose and fiction. As an idea, sadness pervades so many texts, regardless of genre.
Stay with me, though. I do realize that I’m flirting with a very thin line that all artists are morose beings who wear all black and talk about nothing but how painful existence is. I’m not goth, trust me. What I am, however, is someone who finds the idea of sorrow highly intriguing. Like Mary Oliver, “It took me years to understand / that this, too, was a gift.” And, as some of you know, “The Uses of Sorrow” ranks on my “favorite poems of all time” list; not just because of how the language exerts its control over the reader’s emotions, but also because of how the form interacts with the language. The poem itself is a box, into which Oliver draws her reader, forcing us to revisit the idea of sadness time-and-time again.
When I first encountered sorrow, I was reading a collection of poems (the first that I’d freely purchased and read of my own volition) called Blue Venus by Lisa Russ Spaar. I know, I know. At this point you’re probably saying to yourself, “Would this kid just give her a rest already?” I would, except that I can’t. We writers are an obsessive bunch; and we obsess even more over those authors who awoke within ourselves something previously unknown: passion. The ability to chase after what we believe in, without fear or reservation — most of the time, without the slightest clue where we’re headed.
A particular poem of hers has haunted me for years: “Wind.” During a turn that, frankly, I haven’t seen replicated very often in contemporary poetry, she writes “If sadness makes me god’s prisoner, so be it.” The line itself makes you feel like you’ve just had the top of your head taken completely off. After the turn, the language progresses into a state of ecstasy that, line by line, “…buffets a vexed moth above the privet hedge. // Her ragged, velvet course towards the burning lamp / …at the heart of this story.” (Spaar, 8). Knowing Lisa as I do, I know that her poetry is multi-faceted; and that we generally find a religious undertone running throughout. It’s this distinctive brand of god-hunger that I honed in on immediately and began seeking out in other writers. Through her choice of words, Lisa establishes within her speaker a great sorrow which connects, very intimately, with the divine; and, in her subtle way, finds a way to work religious terminology into a poem without risking cliché.
In “Wind,” we find it at the end of the second strophe with the declaration of “…so be it.” — a traditional English translation of “amen.” It took me a while before I was able to understand this nod towards a customary response in Christian worship. By slipping it in, Spaar reinforces a deeply held belief that god-hunger and sorrow go hand-in-hand; not because of a closeness to the divine, but because of the distance between the two. Years later I would read Louise Glück’s Vita Nova: a book that changed how I viewed sadness and our relationship to the divine.
Glück’s Vita Nova (trans. “the new life) presents a powerful narrative that is, according to the dust jacket review, “…a terrifying act of perspective…bring[ing] into resolution the smallest human hope and the vast forces that shape and thwart it.” Quite honestly, I cannot disagree. These poems stick to you, like the bedsheets on a hot summer’s night. They’re honest, insightful, and real. Through Vita Nova, Glück dances with the beloved; shows you heartache through the lens of Greek mythology; and forces the reader to dwell in a place of sadness and rebirth — a liminal space of transformation. Like Spaar, she, too, feels the sorrow which characterizes life: a sentiment that she expresses over and over, but perhaps, most clearly in the final pages through her poem “Relic."
“Relic”
Where would I be without my sorrow,
sorrow of my beloved’s making,
without some sign of him, this song
of all gifts the most lasting?
//
How would you like to die
while Orpheus was singing?
A long death; all the way to Dis
I heard him.
//
Torment of earth
Torment of mortal passion —
//
I think sometimes
too much is asked of us;
I think sometimes
our consolations are the costliest thing.
//
All the way to Dis
I heard my husband signing,
much as you now hear me.
Perhaps it was better that way,
my love fresh in my head
even at the moment of death.
//
Not the first response —
that was terror —
but the last.
— Louise Glück
During the opening strophe, Glück takes us to the heart of the matter by questioning herself through the eyes of a relationship with an “other.” “Where would I be without my sorrow, / sorrow of my beloved’s making…?” For Glück, she initially links her speaker’s sadness directly to the actions (we assume) of her beloved. In this sense, the emotion felt by the speaker is earthly, mortal, and perhaps, even fleeting; however, the syntax leads the reader in another direction. Instead of choosing phrasing such as, “Where would I be without this sorrow / of my beloved’s making?” Glück chooses to end-stop the line with a comma before moving into the subordinate clause “…sorrow of my beloved’s making,” where she refrains the word. She wants us to pause, to dwell on that word, “sorrow.” Once it sinks in, then we may move forward with the rest of the poem.
Like Spaar’s “Wind,” Glück inserts a turn early in the lines of “Relic.” In the first stanza, Glück makes us acutely aware that the speaker’s sadness results from the actions of her beloved — in this case, the husband; however, at the turn, the writer resurrects a recurring metaphor: the legend of Orpheus and Eurydice. It’s a favorite of many writers and typically used to depict the great bond between a speaker and their beloved. On the surface, Glück uses the legend to almost the same purpose of her peers. The connection between Orpheus and his lover, Eurydice, represents the emotional bond between Glück’s speaker and “the husband,” or beloved. But that’s where the similarities end. For the speaker, the legend redefines itself in the lines
Torment of earth
Torment of mortal passion —
//
I think sometimes
too much is asked of us;
Here, we witness the anguish experienced by the self because of a betrayal: emotional, physical; and, in the same breath, the speaker introduces us to the idea that a spiritual loss may have been to blame. By weaving the “mythic” into the fabric of the speaker’s reality, Glück introduces the divine into “Relic,” thus encouraging the reader to explore her sadness in terms greater than what mortality typically affords us: a feral longing for the beloved. We see it in the poem’s closing lines “Not the first response — / that was terror — / but the last,” whereby the speaker indicates that, when all is said and done, terror subsides into mourning, which finally declines into melancholia.
When I began this riff, I stated that sorrow was a word which appeared in the works of many writers, myself included. I also alluded to the idea that fully knowing sorrow was akin an unadulterated comprehension of the divine. I stand by my initial convictions. To borrow Jane Kenyon’s words:
You taught me to exist without gratitude.
You ruined my manners toward God:
“We’re here simply to wait for death;
the pleasures of the earth are overrated.”
— Jane Kenyon
If there’s anything that we’ve learned from the legend of Orpheus an Eurydice, from Lisa and Louise, it’s that to live is to love; that to love precludes more than the possibility of a life spent lamenting what we know we’ve lost, as well as what we haven’t; that the sadness of life isn’t always perverse. It is arresting, but not always crippling. As the turns in “Wind” and “Relic” show us, our descent into sorrow (even Dis) can be an erotic experience — one that frees us to explore a side of life that few ever know. “Perhaps it’s better that way, / my love fresh in my head / even at the moment of death.”













