Sparring – Why it is necessary for good training
It has been quite some time since my last Blog and I apologize. Those of you who know me are aware that what little free time I get between work and training.
Still, I’m glad I was able to squeeze this blog out. Hopefully I’ll have another one up soon!
Sparring has always been a touchy subject among martial arts practitioners. Arguments against sparring vary. The general argument is that the art is too deadly and sparring ingrains bad habits if you hold back since the intention of the art is to kill. Therefore, habits developed from sparring are detrimental since it affects your ability to kill your opponent.
It is clear that those who oppose sparring do not understand its purpose. Sparring must not be confused with “fighting”. In essence, it is as close to fighting as one can get with reduced likelihood of injury and death. Mostly because it provides a relatively “safe” condition within which to execute techniques under pressure and build confidence in your own skill. It simulates the conditions a practitioner will likely to face in the milieu that the art was developed for. Regular sparring acclimatizes you to stress and being forced to persevere under this pressure.
Sparring is a necessary part of solid martial training and should be done regularly.
This article will present elements crucial to a solid martial training regimen. I will present three elements of training (solo practice, partnered drilling and sparring) that go into developing fighting competence. The analogies that I use will be drawn from learning languages as they are highly nuanced skills which require sensitivity and a great deal of competence to be able to flow.
What this article will not discuss is fitness nor nutrition since I am neither a fitness instructor nor am I a nutritionist. I have a fairly good idea of what I need to in that department but I am not specifically trained in that.
In one of my previous articles I discussed the importance of adhering to a checklist when focusing on the basics. In this article I stated that techniques can be thought of as composite motions wherein micro motions are executed in succession to complete a specific technique. Basic techniques such as a jab, sprawl, knife slash or hip escape all rely on small motions to be executed in succession to complete a technique. The precision of the technique is dependent upon the efficiency of each of these micro motions.
Improving precision can be done through extensive solo practice. Solo practice should be focused on the correct execution of the techniques either on a dummy or against an imagined target. This simply isolates the motions that are required to complete the technique and allows the practitioner to focus on speed, power and precision. With guidance, it familiarizes the practitioner with the inherent timing of each technique they practice alone. However, it does not provide the practitioner with a context in which a technique can be applied.
This can be equated to memorizing how to conjugate verbs in a foreign language. This is the equivalent of conjugating a verb in a specific tense rather actually applying them or even forming sentences. You are simply familiarizing yourself with the singular and plural versions of this verb in one tense so as to avoid this mistake in conversation.
Drills with a compliant partner providing realistic stimulus play a crucial role in learning techniques. Working with a partner familiarizes the practitioner with various structures and allows them to execute techniques to counter or surmount obstacles. Gradually speed, power and other variables can be increased or introduced in the partnered drill. Thus, the practitioner is forced to execute the techniques under increasing pressure while still in a controlled environment.
A good example would be striking pads. When working with a partner, practitioners familiarize themselves with the position of their opponent. Initially they are taught to control the engagement through the use of basic techniques with minimal resistance/stimulus from the pad wielding partner. Push kicks, jabs, half strikes etc… are used to maintain control. Gradually, other targets are introduced – body shots, hand shots, legs shots… etc depending on the nature of the art. You can isolate certain attributes and to focus on specific techniques.
When target recognition improves, the practitioner is then exposed to a greater deal of stimulus, interruptions and insertions that could take place in the middle of a technique. While executing a jab cross, for example, the practitioner must deal with an incoming low roundhouse kick to the leg and then follow up with a prescribed counter. A sequence such as this can be repeated with interruptions (such as the roundhouse kick to the leg) inserted at the discretion of the partner in order to simulate possible complications that one can face.
While partner drills are excellent means to familiarize the practitioner with stimulus they can expect to encounter and the various structures they are likely to face, they merely train the individual how to deal with instances within an engagement and familiarize them with the interim positions. Indeed, one’s ability to recognize openings and apply techniques are largely dependent on sparring.
Even if you can conjugate a set of verbs and nouns it is still necessary to be familiar with the different environments. It allows you to have a set of questions and answers readily available. You already know how to ask for a croissant, a cup of tea or ask the waiter what he recommends on the menu and are aware of what responses you can expect from him. A wider range of possibilities are made available when new contexts and environments are produced.
I must restate that sparring is not fighting. Rather, it is an important part of training. A practitioner can execute different techniques in varying degrees of impact and pressure.
Controlled sparring is excellent as it can force you to make changes to your game thereby reducing reliance on a particular skill. For example, a fighter who relies too much on counter-fighting may be forced to spar in an offensive manner rather than waiting for the opponent to strike first. Conversely, an aggressive fighter may modify his skill set by sparring in a manner in which he is made to keep distance and only permitted to use probing strikes or baits to set up positions to counter from.
Free sparring is great as it allows you to execute whatever techniques you wish on your partner provided he is up for it. Regular sparring allows you the opportunity to fight and make mistakes with reduced risk of injury or death. Certainly it will not negatively impact a competitive career unless you are not doing it properly or are injured as well. This builds confidence.
The same holds true when practicing a language. Once you have some grasp of the rules of grammar and have familiarized yourself with various environments, you can practice with people in your class or someone close to you who will assist you if an error is made. If by accident you happen to say something potentially offensive, you are safe since you are in an environment where you will not lose your job for confusing a word in front of an official. If you make a mistake here, you can always go back to the drawing board and work on it.
Learning techniques and developing them through solo and partnered drilling are essential to developing skills and familiarizing yourself with where they can be applied. However, knowing whether techniques have been applied correctly in a relatively safe environment can generally be determined through sparring. Errors made while sparring are more forgiving. Accidents do happen, but there is a lower probability that you will be permanently injured, have your career end, or die because you made a mistake while sparring. These mistakes point out what is lacking in your game and making them while sparring will allow you to go back to the drawing board.
Over-sparring has its risks. While sparring develops your proficiency and confidence in a set of skills, there is a tendency to rely too much on those skills if time spent sparring is largely disproportionate to training time. Indeed, injuries abound and there is the potential to lose many training hours when you are too busy healing. As such, it is crucial to balance the amount of sparring with the solo and partnered drilling.
Sparring should be an integral part of your training. It should be done regularly and the frequency should be adjusted according to goal. Spar with many people, especially with individuals possessing different body types and who come from different styles, gyms or schools. Apart from being fun, it increases your awareness of different types of opponents and what you could expect to deal with when in a fight or a competition