While I am firmly in team "Sheev Palpatine is a predator" and I want to blame him for Anakin's grooming, there's EVERYTHING on Tatooine that helped him.
You've mentioned Gardulla and Anakin's insecurity there (and I think there's a lot that gets overlooked there in how it shows up in RotS) but people tend to forget: Anakin arrived on Coruscant already having undergone grooming for sexual abuse.
Enslaved people have very limited options for improving their lives, and slavery in the Star Wars universe reads much more like slavery in the Roman Era than African Chattel Slavery. It wasn't a crime nor looked down upon for Roman slaves to be whatever their 'job' was while also being used to sex. It was seen as why would you have a beautiful horse and not ride it? Anakin was, without question, a beautiful child. And he is often shown to be hiding it which is most likely 100% Shmi's doing as Tatooine Ghost heavily implies she was a child sex slave. Anakin's hair is cut in a scraggly nonappealing manner that is going to do a LOT in trapping sweat and dirt on his face and neck. He is grease-stained and gritty. His hair shadows his eyes, which are lovely and expressive. His clothing is ill-fitted and baggy. Given both he and Shmi wear homemade jewelry and they would have had to make clothing LAST, given Shmi was later trained as a housekeeper, it's impossible to think she doesn't know how to smock and hem clothing to save fabric to let down and let out seam for growth while keeping Anakin, who works with equipment daily, free of loose clothing. It's basic poverty survival. Anakin probably should be wearing an apron and a kerchief as well to protect his clothing and to wipe his face and he doesn't. Shmi's clothing is dyed, Anakin's is faded, unbleached, and raw - showing every dirt, grease, and sweat stain (and likely blood as well). He doesn't LOOK appealing, looks like he would smell, like he may have vermin or carry germs, etc. His hygiene looks poor and there are better, prettier options for people who would abuse a child to find on Tatooine.
That, I do believe, is WHY he looks like that. His mother is protecting him by making him look like something no one would want to buy for sexual purposes.
And later in RotS when Anakin is being pressured and not sleeping, not eating, when he's feeling stressed, what happens? His clothing is messy, not as well fitted/well worn. His hair is a sweaty, oily MESS. Without realizing it, he's falling into the same camouflage that protected him (somewhat) as a child.
I say somewhat because there's no way Anakin didn't have friends who lived that nightmare. We know George's daughter played a friend of his but she's still on screen in braces. What person is going to spend that kind of money on a slave if looks aren't important? If they don't increase her value beyond the cost? He mentions to Ahsoka he and his mother were sold in an auction 'like this one' while Ahsoka is dressed to be trafficked sexually. Anakin saw shit, heard shit, his friends would have talked and shared their lives the same as Anakin did with him.
And Anakin, fresh from that kind of hell, is faced with this:
Obi-Wan isn't happy about this - most people see what. But what gets overlooked is that ANAKIN isn't pleased with this. Anakin, straight from slavery who understands his safety demands he be valued and useful is being given attention by a very important (wealthy) man. He should WANT that - and yet he clearly doesn't and even moves away from the touch as much as he politely can. He knows damn well what being looked at like that means and what's likely to happen to him.
He didn't say anything, why would he? He doesn't want to be a PROBLEM. He knows the Jedi don't want him and it's likely they could easily give him over to Palpatine. Why not? The man is the last surviving member of his Clan, he's wealthy, powerful, connected, he's from the planet young Anakin is a hero on - if they don't want to train him, giving him over to a man who shows interest, has resources and political reasons to take Anakin in, and APPEARS friendly makes sense. And Anakin? Doesn't want to plant this idea. He doesn't want Palpatine's attention.
There's a price to social climbing.
It would also HEAVILY tie into Anakin's dislike of politicians.
I mean. Even when I was a teenager I really disliked and distrusted cops. And from the neighborhood I grew up in? That on the surface made no sense. The local cops had to live in the village. I spent a good deal of my life from 4 to 10 with the local chief living behind my house and two up. I played with and babysat his son. I played in the garden of another and got to pick flowers and feel his koi nibble at my fingers (he was the canine officer). I knew them all and they were Officer First Name, not Officer Last Name. But when I was 11/12 we had an all new crew. And by the time I was 13/14 (the age Anakin was when Palpatine muscled into his life, which isn't lost on me) out local chief was well known with the preteen and 'late blooming' teens. See, he like really young girls. To the point the 12 year old down the street bore his child and he paid the family to not tell. You got in trouble? If you got alone with him - which wasn't difficult - for a blow job he'd treat it as a warning if it was just a status violation. We all knew this. I don't remember if he SAID our folks all knew but it was understood not to talk about it anyway. And I know I thought mine knew, because I was shocked when he was finally caught and my mom was blindsided. I knew. Why didn't she? We all knew. He was a local chief of police. Authority. When 80% of those under 18 live below the poverty line, guess what? We don't want to be trouble for our parents. We don't want to cost them money. That distrust and anger? Oh it stayed. I didn't care that the other cops spoke of him after his trial with divisiveness - how did they NOT KNOW? Who else was in on it? Weren't there cameras in the cells? (yes that's how he was caught.)
Social climbing costs something.
Anakin knew and understood this. Even with whatever Palpatine was doing, Anakin understood he was paying for it. There are many times we see in AotC and RotS that Palpatine touches Anakin. They are friends, right? Anakin is close to the Chancellor too close, right? Palpatine loves him like a son, right? So why are these touches, always from Palpatine toward Anakin never met with posture from Anakin that's welcoming, warm, relaxed? Why doesn't Anakin, who is a very tactile person, ever touch back? A lean or a side hug or a pat on the arm? Never, ever does he. He doesn't want Palpatine to touch him.
Because he knows. He understands. If he does, that's a promise of something. He owes something.
Palpatine him I almost always call a sadist and I mean it in the strictest terms - I firmly believe Palpatine gets sexual enjoyment off inflicting suffering on others. Physical is good, emotional is great, the combination is even better.
Now - I know some people know this BUT not everyone does. Fuck, not everyone does. But it's entirely possible that sexual molestation and assault can cause the victim to feel pleasure. You don't want it. You hate yourself for it. But it's a reaction. Like being tickled - you might hate it, but you'll still laugh, even if you are crying and begging people to stop.
But even with survivors of abuse, it's not something often talked about openly. Not between ourselves. Not with our therapists. It's confusing and humiliating.
Let's not focus on Palpatine being the senator Padmé worked under as a child. Working long hours and would have been alone with Palpatine often. Let's not focus on it but let's not forget it. Padmé wasn't the first either. Maul was. He had him all alone to himself starting when Maul was five. Because Anakin wasn't the first child Palpatine manipulated to get into his life. And he wasn't the last either, especially in Legends. Palpatine only becomes a mentor to people if he can start before they hit puberty.
But that humiliation? Man does it CARRY. It fucks you UP. Because people will say you wanted it. Your abuser sure. It wasn't that bad, you enjoyed it right? Seemed like you did. Other people will use that against you too. And if you are desperate for physical affection? You might "decide" that putting up with discomfort and pain is worth it. If it's the only openly warm and affectionate relationship you have? You really might.
And I don't doubt Obi-Wan loved Anakin. But Anakin needed it shown in a way that Obi-Wan was expressed trained out of showing. It's why Anakin believed Obi-Wan didn't want him for so long.
Going back to the ask I sent in -
I have told a friend that Palpatine always makes me feel like screaming 'Stranger Danger!'. He does. He always did and I don't think people are writing him probably if he doesn't come off like that. But it really wasn't until I fully realized the abuse I suffered at the hands of an uncle-in-law wasn't JUST physical that I understood why. Because I was a very disabled child, recovering from surgery, and I was just shy. Affectionate but shy. And this man? Was a decades-long predator with at least a dozen previous victims before he got to my family. His youngest? A six-month-old. I was four and five of his typical victim age. The oldest was seven or eight. Again that I know of. I wasn't questioned by a social worker who would have known HOW to ask me questions. I was questioned by a family member (my mom) who didn't. Who still doesn't really know how to ask a question without it being an accusation. Punishment in my house was physical. Once, it was several wooden slats from a bifolding closet door duct-taped together. Most often it was hands.
Hands hitting me on the buttocks and thighs. His hands hurting me in the same area. I didn't know there was a difference.
And I didn't want to get into trouble. So I lied. I said nothing happened. Because I believed I would be in trouble. For not telling sooner, because I was SUPPOSED to. I was more afraid, truly afraid, of breaking the rules and the punishments for that than I was of a man who set fire to a building as revenge for being fired. Who was the reason I was scared to go pee at that house. Was the reason my cousin and I played together in a locked closet, with the lights out, in a locked bedroom, with the lights out, so we couldn't be found. Who was the reason we talked about killing and how we could do it.
I was five years old. And talking seriously with another five-year-old about how to kill someone.
And I was more afraid of breaking the rules than of what he'd do to me.
Anakin? Would have been too. He had nothing but the Jedi and Obi-Wan. If he was cast aside, thrown out, what would happen to him? Of course, he'd never tell anyone about the abuse - and like you, I firmly believe it wasn't just covert sexual abuse. The ballet we see that Palpatine took Anakin to? Was Squid Lake - an in-universe tale of Swan Lake. It's a classic but it's also a romantic thing. Something you'd take a date to (Palpatine HAS a lover, she's seen in RotS and he had others in Legends) not really something you'd take someone you're mentoring. Anakin was already in a state - rushing, no sleep, not eating, and then alone, with Palpatine, in a dark private place. If the talk about the Force hadn't happened, I don't doubt something else quite terrible would have. After all, Anakin fidgets and shifts and moves. He's just trying to get Anakin to settle down, it's hardly his fault if Anakin sees it as being something else.
Which would have worked in Palpatine's favor. Anakin is constantly made to doubt his judgment, his instincts, his read on things, his experiences. It's a time and place to coerce him into something and then gaslight him about it. Anakin likely doesn't trust his own memory because he has a great memory! He just isn't able to remember things that happen with Palpatine right, isn't able to recall them properly. It's the Jedi and his past making him believe something predatory happened, that's all.
I know now WHY Palpatine always made me want to run away screaming.
I ask the same thing to those in-universe, that I do of my local hometown. How did no one else SEE?