I love to talk about historic blacksmithing! My husband and I run a blacksmithing shop (specialized in blade making) and we’ve done a LOT of educational demonstrations where we forge while lecturing on history, culture, techniques, etc. (So feel free to ask me things! I get all excited about it!)
Let’s talk first about the name! Historically Smith would mean metal worker and the color would tell you what type of metal. Black is the designation for iron (because of the color it takes after being heated and cooled several times.) Today Smith more generally means maker, but is still most commonly applied to metal workers.
And, as the OP said, if you need a tinker (tinsmith, also works pewter), silversmith (whitesmith), goldsmith (white- or yellow- smith), or coppersmith (red-, brown-, or green- smith), that’s a different discipline. Not that a blacksmith has no idea how to work those metals, but his knowledge will likely be limited to how it applies to his general discipline. For example, weapons and armor made for nobility might have precious metals used to decorate them. (Aside: The techniques for iron vs copper are complete opposites and one of my favorite modern blacksmithing proverbs is about brass, an alloy made with copper and zinc. It runs, “Brass, brass, what a pain in the… brain.” )
One of my choice historical bits is talking about medieval blacksmithing in England. This is something we actually have records of because of the guild structure. There were so many blacksmiths in urbanized areas that your permit to open a shop would permit you to make only a specific set of items. Pin drawers, chain makers, armorers, swordsmiths, farm tools, nails, wainwright (hoops for wagon wheels or barrels), farriers (horse shoeing)… all of those might be different shops. And that isn’t even a complete list! (Naturally there was a lot of overlap on high-demand items.)
But even better, Yorkshire records that show us that women were regularly involved in the trade! It was still male-dominated BUT several of the disciplines (nails, pins, chains) were almost exclusively women! Women owned blacksmith shops, took apprentices, worked the forge - all of the things that mark them as “real” blacksmiths. One of my favorite anecdotes is from William Hutton’s History of Birmingham; he encountered a nailer’s shop in which he noted “one or more females, stripped of their upper garments, and not overcharged with the lower, wielding the hammer with all the grace of the sex.”
Come yell at me about blacksmithing! I want to learn what you know and I’d love to answer any of your questions! I have a lot of prepared lecture snippets on a variety of smithing details:
Technological setbacks due to loss of historic metallurgical discoveries.
Why “damascus” swords are supposed to be the best.
Cultural and historical reasons for large, slow, strokes with a heavy hammer (like you see in video games) vs. small, quick strokes with a smaller hammer (like you see on YouTube).
Blacksmithing terms in modern English. (”Keep your temper” being the most common.)
How settling America changed the Western picture to males-only generalized blacksmithing
Economic comparisons of the cost to hire a blacksmith
Apprentice vs. Journeyman vs. Master
More about female blacksmiths
What to wear in the forge (modern or historical reenactment)
How-to on a variety of subjects
Why Forged in Fire doesn’t give you an accurate picture of blacksmithing or the skills of the contestants
Metallurgy (the science of metals)
Eastern vs. Western blacksmithing (Surprise! Japan and Europe are wildly different!)
What kitchen knives do you need? And how do you keep them sharp?
Did I mention I love to talk about it and get real excited?