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Helmet (Khula Khud), Metropolitan Museum of Art: Arms and Armor

John Stoneacre Ellis Collection, Gift of Mrs. Ellis and Augustus Van Horne Ellis, 1896 Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY Medium: Steel, iron, copper alloy

http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/25031

heaveninawildflower

Decorative cover of ‘Autumn Hours and Fireside Reading’ by Mrs C. M. Kirkland. Published 1854 by Charles Scribner.

University of California Libraries

archive.org

3y3

Artem Grigoryev

painfulblisss

vrykolach-deactivated20240804

sustancy

vrykolach-deactivated20240804

nonalimmen

chaosophia218

Domenico Marchetti - Perseus with the Head of Medusa (detail), 1813.

chaosophia218

Celestial Sphere, 1723. The Celestial Sphere, or Celestial Orb, was the fundamental entity of the Cosmological models developed by Plato, Eudoxus, Aristotle, Ptolemy, Copernicus and others. In these Celestial Model the apparent motions of the fixed Stars and the Planets are accounted for by treating them as embedded in rotating Spheres made of an Aetherial, transparent fifth element. Since it was believed that the fixed Stars did not change their positions relative to one another, it was argued that they must be on the surface of a single starry Sphere. In modern thought, the Orbits of the Planets are viewed as the paths of those Planets through mostly empty Space. Ancient and medieval thinkers, however, considered the Celestial Orbs to be thick Spheres of rarefied Matter nested one within the other, each one in complete contact with the Sphere above it and the Sphere below. By combining this Sphere model with Astronomical observations, scholars calculated what became generally accepted values at the time for the distances to the Sun (about 4 million miles), to the other Planets, and to the edge of the Universe (about 73 million miles). The nested Sphere model’s distances to the Sun and Planets differ significantly from modern measurements of the distances, and the size of the Universe is now known to be inconceivably large and possibly infinite.