Romantic-Era Composers

An era of brilliance in music.

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Romantic-era Music

The Romantic-era of music (~1815-1910) was the revolutionary time period of music after the Classical time period. People began to write more free-form music like nocturnes, fantasias, and preludes, in which people began to ignore the idea of exposition and development. Increasing interest in music also spread throughout the common man in Western Europe. The popularity of the piano began to grow, and it achieved its modern construction in this era. Many symphony orchestras were founded in this era. Families of instruments began to grow. Nationalism began to appear in music, with traditional music of different countries beginning to be put in compositions. This is the Romantic-era of music

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Ludwig Van Beethoven

Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) was a German composer and pianist and is one of the most influential people in the transition from classical to romantic music in the 19th century. He is considered to be the first Romantic-era composer. He is best known for his works that include, 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, 1 violin concerto, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets. He composed “Für Elise” and “Moonlight Sonata”, two of the most famous piano pieces ever written. He was and still is considered by most a musical genius.

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Niccolò Paganini

Niccolò Paganini (1782-1840) was an Italian violinist, violist, guitarist, and composer. He was the most celebrated violinist of all time, leaving a mark on modern violin technique. “Caprice No. 24  in A Minor Op. 1″, is his most famous piece, which served as an inspiration for many future composers.

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The Waltz King

Johann Strauss II (1825-1899), also known as “The Waltz King”, is the son of Johann Strauss I. Johann Strauss II composed many pieces of dance music, mostly waltz. He is best known for composing “Blue Danube Waltz”, a widely popular waltz and piece of classical music in general, and his opera “Die Fledermaus.”

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Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) is one of the most well known Russian composers of the Romantic-era. He symphonies, concertos, operas, and three of the most famous ballets of all time, “Swan Lake”,”The Nutcracker”, and “Sleeping Beauty.” “The Nutcracker Suite” is a piece he composed for “The Nutcracker” that is still performed today, traditionally for Christmas. Most people recognize it for “The Dance of The Sugar Plum Fairy.”

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The Sorcerer’s Apprentice

Paul Abraham Dukas (1865-1935), French composer, critic, scholar, and teacher, was immensely self-critical, often abandoning and destroying his works. However, among these works was a piece that eclipsed all of his other compositions, “The Sorcerer’s Apprentice.” This widely popular piece was used in Disney’s “Fantasia” in the scene where Mickey Mouse attempts to use the sorcerer’s powers.

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Scott Joplin (1867-1917), also known as the “King of Ragtime Writers”, was an African-American composer and pianist. His first hit, “Maple Leaf Rag”, became ragtime’s most influential hit. He wrote many other famous pieces, such as “The Entertainer.”

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Romanticism

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The Romantic movement was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that first began in the first half of the 18th century and strengthened because of the industrial revolution. It was embodied mostly in literature and music. The picture above is an example of a romantic painting, “Wander Above the Sea of Fog.”

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“The Planets”, composed by Gustav Holst (1874-1934) is a seven movement orchestral piece for seven of the planets in our solar system, Mars, Venus, Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. This suite is still popular,influential, widely played, and recorded to this day. This is the first movement to the planets, “Mars, The Bringer of War”, a movement that is arguably the most devastating piece of music ever written!

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Maurice Ravel

Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) was a French composer, pianist, and conductor. In the early 1900′s he was considered one of France’s greatest living composers. He was born into a music-loving family but found his own way being a composer, incorporating elements of baroque, neoclassicism, and jazz in some of his later works. He is best known for his work “Boléro” a piece which repeats in main melody throughout the orchestra, taking place of the development.

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The Romantic-era Orchestra

During the Romantic-era, the family of instruments used in orchestras grew. Many more percussion instruments began to appear. Rotary valves were introduced to brass instruments, giving them a much larger range of notes and a bigger role in a large ensemble with strings and woodwinds. The typical sized orchestra, which was around 40 in the classical era, grew to be over 100.

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Mykola Leontovych (1877-1921) was a Ukrainian composer, choral conductor, and a teacher who composed the famous piece “Carol of the Bells”, a common Christmas tune that is still played the radio today!