I was the wedding anon ask--I'm specifically asking about Ming dynasty hanfu, sorry for not being specific. I'm writing a fanfiction where a character describes what she'd wear for her wedding, and I've been trying to find the names of each piece of the outfit.
Again, thank you so much for all that you do.
Hi!
I hope this reply isn't coming too late for your story 😬
I went digging for details on Ming Dynasty Wedding. It gets a bit complicated so bear with me ^^;;
There's no official name for the garments worn during a wedding (at least during the Ming Dynasty). A term that you might hear get tossed around is "凤冠霞帔" (Feng Guan Xia Pei). To break it down:
凤 (feng) = pheonix
冠 (guan) = the ornament worn on the head
霞帔 (xiapei) = two strips of cloth draped around the shoulders, connected at the front and back.
In this image below, what she's wearing on her head is one style of Feng-guan, and the two strips of dark blue fabric with intricate design is the Xiapei:
But Feng Guan Xia Pei isn't just for weddings, it's essentially the ceremonial robes women wore for any formal occasion (I posted about the Song Dynasty Xiapei here, here, and here. The Ming Dynasty inherited the Song Dynasty style, although the fabric became wider and the designs differed a bit).
Weddings were divided into people who have official court titles and civilians (if you didn't have a court title, no matter how rich or wealthy you were, you're still considered a civilian). There's a whole load of laws and regulations on how a wedding process is supposed to go from the matchmaking to the gifts to the attire, etc., etc.
For those with court titles, the bride and groom would wear the court appointed robes. Historically, Chinese court officials were divided into levels. Level 1 were those with the highest rank, level 9 was the lowest. Each level has designated clothing that they'd wear when going to court (like a work uniform).
During the wedding, the groom would wear the robes he wears for court. The bride would wear the "Feng Guan Xia Pei" that's befitting her new husband's station.
For civilians, usually they're not permitted to wear the very fancy "feng guan xia pei", they had a more simplistic version of this outfit for ceremonial occasions, but weddings were an exception. During weddings, civilian men were permitted to wear level 9 court appointed robes which were light green in colour, and wear the hats of court officials called "幞头/futou". The women could wear bright red, wide-sleeve robes, with xiapei, and either wear gold hair ornaments or a feng guan (befitting a level 9 groom).
So here are some examples of what they might look like (none of these are from historical replicas, but just to give you a general idea):
Women:
- Criss-crossed collar robe underneath
- Ma Mian skirt
- Wide-sleeve robe on the outside
- Xiapei over the shoulders
- Feng-guan on their head (or other ornaments if it's a civilian woman)
- She'd also wear a red head covering that's lifted by the groom in the privacy of their own chambers (a of TV series show them lifting the head covering during the ceremony in front of guests, this is just for TV and not the proper etiquette. Women in Chinese history (especially in later Dynasties) were very much not supposed to show their faces to people outside their core family, and the more status the family had the more strict this rule was).
Men:
- Criss-crossed collar shirt paired with pants underneath
- Round-collared robes on the outside (colour and any embroidery/patterns on the robe would be decided by their station level)
- Slits on both sides of robe
- Black "futou" hat
So...I don't know if that helped with your story ^^;; It might've just made things more confusing. Ming Dynasty was kind of a cumulation of all the rules and customs from previous Dynasties, so things got more and more complicated as time went on.
If you want to search for images of Ming Dynast wedding just to get more visual references, here are some words you can try:
明代 (mingdai) = Ming period
明朝 (mingchao) = Ming Dynasty
婚礼 (hunli) = wedding
婚服 (hunfu) = wedding attire
凤冠霞帔 (feng guan xia pei)
Aside from Google image you can also try Baidu image or Red Note, they might turn up more results :D