I've always been fascinated with the subject of intelligence. refer a child my mother, I would be as "smart", but I quickly realized that all parents send their children to refer so clever. Over time, I would find that not all children are not smart, like all babies cute. If that were the case, we have a world full of beautiful, intelligent people - which we do not. Some of us are smart, but not as smart as we think, and some are smarter than they seem, which makes me wonder how we define smart? What a person makes smarter than others? When "Street Smarts" matter more than "book smarts"? Can you both smart and stupid? Smart is more of a direct influence of genetics or their environment? Then there are the issues of education, intelligence and wisdom. What it means to be educated? What is the difference between well-educated and highly intelligent? Does it mean that you brought up automatically highly intelligent? Is it very intelligently, without well-trained? You mean IQs everything? What makes a man wise? Why wisdom is usually associated with age? Find My desire answers to these questions inspired many hours of intensive research, reading 6 books, hundreds of research documents and countless hours are included in the Internet, as compared to the lifetime of the studies and research, which fades pioneers the fields of intelligence and education, as Howard Gardner, Richard Sternberg, Linda S. Gottfredson, Thomas Sowell, Alfie Kohn, and Diane F. Halpern, whose work is cited in this article. My goal was simple: to collect, synthesize, and present data, what it means to be intelligent, educated and intelligent, so that it can be understood and used by anyone for their benefit. PRENATAL CARE In this sense it was not a better (or more appropriate) place to start than at the beginning of our existence: as a fetus in the womb. There is increasing evidence that eating foods rich in iron, both before and during pregnancy is crucial for the development of the prenatal brain. Researchers have reduced a strong association between low iron content during pregnancy and IQ found. Foods rich in iron include beans, Lima beans, pinto beans, spinach, asparagus, broccoli, seafood, nuts, dried fruit, oatmeal, and fortified cereals. Children with low iron status in utero (in utero) scored lower on each test and had significantly lower language ability, fine motor skills and tractability than children with higher prenatal iron levels. In essence, the proper prenatal care critical to the development of cognitive skills. Cognitive skills Cognitive skills are basic spiritual abilities we use think study and learn. They include a variety of mental processes are used to analyze sounds and images that recall information from memory, make connections between different information and maintain the focus on certain tasks. They can be separately identified and measured. Cognitive skills strength and efficiency correlates directly with students ease of learning. DRINK, pregnancy, and its spiritual IMPACT drinking during pregnancy is not wise. In fact, it is downright stupid. A study in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research has found that even light to moderate drinking - especially during the second trimester - with lower IQs in offspring associated in 10 years. This result was especially pronounced among African-American instead of white descendants. "IQ is a measure of the child's ability to learn and survive in its environment, it says the potential for success in school and in everyday life while a small but significant percentage of children with fetal alcohol syndrome (diagnosed .. FAS) each year, many more children exposed to alcohol during pregnancy, did not say the criteria for FAS yet experience deficits in growth and cognitive function, "Jennifer A. Willford assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Paul D. Connor, clinical director of the Fetal Alcohol and Drug Unit and Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Washington has this to say on the subject: "There are a number of areas of cognitive function, even in the face can be injured by a relatively normal IQ, including academic achievement (especially arithmetic), adaptive functioning and executive functions (the ability to solve problems and learn from experiences). Deficits in intellectual, achievement, adaptive, and executive functions could make it difficult to control adequately finance function independently, without help, and understand the consequences - or react appropriately -. Error "This is an important insight that speaks directly to the (psychological) definition of intelligence, discussed later in this article. ULTRA SOUNDS studies have shown that frequent exposure of the human fetus ultrasound waves with a decrease in newborn body weight, which is linked to an increase in the frequency of left-handedness and delayed speech. Because a high-frequency ultrasonic energy presumed mechanical vibration, researchers found that it may affect the migration of neurons in a developing fetus. Neurons in mammals multiply early in fetal development and then migrate to their final destination. Any disruption or interruption of the process could result in abnormal brain function. Commercial companies (the ultrasonic blogs for "keepsake" purposes) now increasingly powerful ultrasonic devices able be are popular 3D and 4D images. The process takes longer, as they try to make 30-minute videos of the fetus in the womb. The main stream magazine New Scientist reported the following: ultrasound, cells stop dividing and commit suicide. Routine scans we have doctors overlooking fetuses and Home organs into past 40 years normal on cell cycle. On the FDA website posted this information about Ultrasound: While ultrasound has been around for many years, pregnant women and their families need to know that the long-term effects are not repeated ultrasound exposures on the fetus completely known. Given all that remains unknown, with a prenatal diagnosis for non-medical reasons is not a good idea. Nature versus CARE ... The debate goes on Now that you know some of the known factors that determine, enhance, and the impact of the intellectual development of the fetus, it is time for conception. Once the child is born, which is more crucial in the development of his intelligence: nature (genetics) or encourage (environmental)? Apparently since centuries scientists and Psychologists have and fro on this gone. I read many comprehensive studies and reports on this topic during the research phase in this article, and I think it's time to put this debate to rest. Both nature and nurture as important and must be fully in the intellectual development of children are observed. This should not be an either-or proposition. A new study shows that early intervention in the home and in class can make a big difference for a child born into extreme poverty to make, according to Eric Turkheimer, a psychologist at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The study concludes that while genetic make-up, explains most of the differences in IQ for children in wealthier families, the environment - not genes - makes a bigger difference for minority children in low-income households. Specifically ask what researchers "heredity" - the degree to which genes affect IQ - was significantly lower for poor families. "Once you put in an appropriate environment to take your genes start," Mr. Turkheimer, "but in poor environments, genes do not have this capability." There are reports that contradict these findings ... somehow. Linda S. Gottfredson, a professor of Education at the University of Delaware, wrote in her article, the general intelligence factor of the siblings have shared environments do little to do with IQ. Many people mistakenly believe that more social, psychological, and economic differences between families permanently and build significant differences in IQ. She found that behavioral geneticists such environmental effects as shared because they are jointly siblings who together grow to refer. Their reports that the heritability of IQ rises with age, that is, how far will genetics increases for the differences in IQ between individuals, people older. In her article, she also refers to studies comparing identical and fraternal twins in the last ten years shows a group of Thomas J. Bouchard, Jr., the University of Minnesota and other scholars led published that about 40 percent of IQ differences between the pre-school children comes from genetic differences, but the heritability increases to 60 percent of adolescents and 80 percent by late adulthood. And this is perhaps the most interesting bit of information, and for this section of my article develops with age differences occur between individuals in their intelligence, closely mirror their genetic differences. It seems that the impact of the environment on the intelligence than to fade away to grow with time. Bouchard concludes that young children the circumstances of her life, which have imposed on them by parents, schools and other actors in society, but as people age they become more independent and tend to seek the promise life niches that most of their genetic tendencies are. Lactation INCREASED INTELLIGENCE researchers studied from Christchurch School of Medicine in New Zealand more than 1,000 children from April to August 1977 born. During the period from birth up to one year, they gathered to learn how these children were fed. Children were then pursues to 18 years. Over the years, the researchers collected a range of cognitive and academic information about the children, including IQ, teacher ratings of school performance in reading and mathematics, and the results of standardized tests of reading comprehension, mathematics and academic skills. The researchers examined the number of passing grades in the national School Certificate examinations at the end of the third year reached taken in high school. The results showed that the longer children had been breastfed, the higher it is on such tests. TALKING children MAKES THE DIFFERENCE Thomas Sowell, author of Race, IQ, Black crime and facts liberals uncovered some fascinating information that all parents should take note of Ignore. He writes: There is a strong argument that black Americans suffer from a range of adverse environments. Studies repeatedly show that before they go to school, black children are exposed on average to a smaller vocabulary than white children, in part to socioeconomic factors. While the children from professional households in the rule to a total of 2,150 different words a day, children are exposed to 1,250 households of working families, and children from households on welfare is a mere 620th Yes, smart children tend sounding of trained, professional, two-parent environments come when they pick up valuable language skills and vocabulary from the smart-sounding people. Mr. Sowell continues: Black children are not apparent to their poor socio-economic status of guilt, but something beyond economic status is at work in black homes. the ongoing effort to promote spiritual growth and get their child into Harvard or Oxbridge - Black people were not signed for the "great mission" of the white middle class. Elsie Moore of Arizona State University, Phoenix, studied black children are either black or white parents, all of which adopted middle-class professionals. At the age of 7.5 years, which were in black homes 13 IQ points behind the people, the increase in the white houses. ACCUMULATED BENEFITS dawned at this point in my research it to me, and should rather be able to clear to that many children are predisposed intelligent, educated, intelligent, long time simply by their commitment to the factors that they determine before they come to school. An informed parent, proper prenatal care, educated, communicative parents and a nurturing environment in which to live, all benefits to be accumulated to formulate the mental faculties. As you can see, some kids have an unfair advantage from the start. Malcolm Gladwell, author of the bestselling book Outliers, wrote that "accumulated benefits" are made possible ... by arbitrary rules and those unfair advantages are everywhere. "It those successfully acting closest social Given the possible opportunities be cause further successes it" he writes. "It is the rich who have the greatest tax benefits. It is the best school they can get the best education and the most attention. "In this sense, we have focused our attention on education and intelligence. WHAT MEANS be well trained? Alfie Kohn, author of the book What does it mean to be well educated? The question arises, the formulation of well-trained are based on a quality of education you get, or something about you? Is it called what you learned? Or what do you remember? I submit that's all to be well trained in the application, the application and use of information. to use information to become knowledge, and how we have all heard, knowledge is power. Most people are given the dilapidated state of education in this country on a plane. We tell our children that nothing is more important than to be a "good" education, and every year because of government budget deficits, teachers dismissed classes are condensed are closed, schools and many educational programs - especially those that help the underprivileged - can be cut. The reality is we do not really value education. We value it as a company, industry, political ammunition and was accepted as a form of discrimination, but not for what was intended: a means of enriching their own character and life through learning. What we value as a society, will provide the athletes and the entertainment. The fact that a professional athlete makes more money in one season, as that will make most of the teachers in each region in their career is shameful. There is always money to build new sports stadiums, but not enough to make a decent teacher (and well deserved) to be raised. Ironically, the best teachers will not go into the profession for money. They teach because it is a profession. Most of them were affected by a really good teacher as a student. With the mass exodus of teachers, many students are not able to maintain the mentoring relationship that they once were able because so many are from the profession - voluntarily or involuntarily - on average within three years. At the high school level where I do not my start, focus on how to teach students to prepare them for life, or even college (? All schools should be college-prep schools, right), it was on its production to take their standardized tests. Then the controversial "exit" tests performed and literally many Gymnasien were transforms in Test centers. Learning is almost incidental. This mentality carries over to college, which of course there is a need to take a test in, register at (the SAT or ACT). This explains why so many students are more concerned with finishing a course than to learn from it. They are always on "A's" focus and degree rather than diploma-thinkers. The latter of which are in demand as employers and include most of the self-employed. The "get-the-good-grade" mindset is directly attributable to the tireless and often unnecessary testing that our students face in schools. Alfie Kohn speaks for the "exhibition" of learning in which students demonstrate their understanding through in-depth projects, portfolios of assignments, and other demonstrations. He cited a model first used by Ted Sizer and Deborah Meier. the value of evidence and questions ("Where we know what we know"), view ("Whose perspective does this represent: Meier, the importance of students with five" habits of mind "that are highlighted? "), connections (" How is it connected with this? "), acceptance (" How could it be otherwise? "), and the relevance (" Why is this important? "). Kohn writes: It is only the ability to raise and answer these questions, what is one to do though, but also the assessment. For that matter, any set of intellectual objectives, any description of what it means to think deeply and critically are should be a reference to an interest or intrinsic motivation to make these thoughts ... to skilled then it is to have the desire and means to ensure that learning never stops ... History and purpose of IQ, we've always wanted to measure intelligence. Ironically, if you look at some of the first methods to look at it in the 1800 assessment, they were not good, very intelligent. see tactics like subjecting people to various forms of what their threshold for pain was torture (the longer you resist was flashed, the more intelligent you were probably), or recognize you test your ability, a high pitch sound that others not to . hear Things have changed ... or do they have? No discussion of intelligence or IQ is not specified by Alfred Binet, a psychologist, French was responsible for the complete basis for IQ tests in 1904. His original intention was a test diagnosis learning difficulties of pupils in France would develop. The test results were then used to provide special programs that are preparing to overcome their academic difficulties. It was never intended as an absolute measure of intellectual ability can be used. According to Binet, intelligence could not be described as a single score. He said that the use of intelligence quotient (IQ) as a definitive statement of a child's intellectual ability would be a hard error. Also fears Binet IQ measurement, which would be used for a child to a permanent "state" to condemn the stupidity, any negative impact on his education and living expenses. The initial interest was in assessing the "mental age" - the average level of intelligence of a person of a certain age. His creation, formed the Binet-Simon test (originally as "standard") is the prototype for future tests of intelligence. HH Goddard, Director Research at Vineland Training School in New Jersey translated Binet factory into English and advocated a general application the Simon Binet test. Unlike Binet, Goddard intelligence as a solitary, fixed and inborn entity that could be measured. With the help of Lewis Terman of Stanford University, his final product, in 1916, published as the Stanford Revision of Binet-Simon Scale of Intelligence (also known as the Stanford-Binet known), became the standard intelligence test in the United States. It is important to note that the deception is about IQ, it is fixed and can not be changed. is fact that IQ values discloses fluctuate - upwards and below over own lifetime. It does not mean that you are more or less intelligent, it just means you better on a day other than a test. Another thing to know about IQ tests: They have been found for racist purposes since their introduction in the U.S. Many of those who believed in the importation and refinement of these tests that inherited IQ was involved and used, are responsible for feeding the fallacy that there is a "fixed" feature. Many immigrants were tested in the 1920s and found this IQ test miserably. As a result, many of them refused to enter the United States or were forced sterilization for fear populate America "inferior" in the subject with "dumb" and babies. If you recall, the tests for white, middle-class Americans were developed. Who do you think the difficulty would have on them? Lewis Terman developed the original concept of IQ and proposed this scale for classifying IQ scores: 000 to 070: Obvious nonsense 070-079: Borderline deficiency 080-089: dullness 090-109: Normal or average intelligence 110-119: superior intelligence 115-124: About Average (eg students) 125-134: Gifted (for example, post-graduates) 135-144: Gifted (for example, intellectuals) 145-154: Genius (eg, professors) 155-164: Genius (eg, Nobel Prize winner) 165-179: High genius 180-200: Highest genius 200 - higher: * Immeasurable genius Genius IQ is generally begin as about 140 to 145, which is only 25% of the population (1 in 400)?. * Einstein was considered "just" an IQ of over 160 Diane F. Halpern INTELLIGENCE DEFINITION, a psychologist and former president of the American Psychological Association (APA), wrote in her review essay Why Smart People Can be so stupid that in general, we recognize people as intelligent, if they have a combination of these services (1) good grades in school, (2) a high level of education, (3) a responsible and complex task, (4) any other recognition as intelligent as profit or awards earn a great reward, (5) the ability to read complex texts with good understanding, (6) solve difficult and novel problems. During my research and in the early stages of this article, I came across many definitions of the word intelligence. Some were long, some were short. Some I could not understand again. The definition, the most common is created by the APA, is: the ability to adapt to its environment and learns from his mistakes. How about that? It is the word environment again. We just can not seem to escape it. This deeper meaning, they say adds: ". When in Rome, do as the Romans" It means to recognize what's going on in your environment, and with the intelligence to match - and the people that need to be occupy - to survive and succeed in it. There are also many different forms of intelligence. Created primarily by Dr. Howard Gardner, professor of education at Harvard University. Dr. Gardner believes (and I agree) that our schools and culture focus most of their attention on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence. We appreciate the very articulate or logical people of our culture. However, Dr. Gardner says that we show also place equal attention on people, the gifts in the other intelligences: the artists, architects, musicians, naturalists, designers, dancers, therapists, entrepreneurs and others that the world in which we enrich life. He felt that the traditional notion of intelligence, IQ tests based on was far too limited and created the theory of multiple intelligences in 1983 to consider a wider range of human potential in children and adults. Linguistic intelligence ("word smart"): These intelligences are: Logical-mathematical intelligence ("number / reasoning smart") Spatial intelligence ("picture smart") Physically-kinesthetic intelligence ("Smart body") Musical intelligence ("music smart") Interpersonal intelligence ("people smart") Intrapersonal intelligence ("self smart") be Naturalist intelligence ("Smart Art") Not connected Dr. Gardner but equally respected: liquid and crystallized intelligence After About.com, psychologist Raymond Cattell first proposal of terms fluide and crystallized intelligence and advanced theory with John Horn. The Cattell-Horn theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence suggests that intelligence is a set of different abilities to interact and work together to produce a total of individual intelligence. Cattell fluid intelligence defined as "... the ability to recognize, context specific, regardless of previous practice or training related to these relationships. "Fluid intelligence is the ability to think and reason abstractly and solve problems. This ability will be independent of learning, experience and education. Examples of the use of fluid intelligence include solving puzzles and come up with strategies to solve problems. Crystallized intelligence is from past experience and learning. situations requires the intelligence include crystallized reading comprehension and vocabulary tests. This type of intelligence is based on facts and rooted in experience. This type of intelligence is to acquire more as we age and accumulate new knowledge and understanding. Both types of intelligence increases throughout childhood and adolescence. Fluid intelligence summit in puberty and sink begins gradually beginning approximately aged 30 or 40. Crystallized intelligence is growing in adulthood. SUCCESSFUL INTELLIGENCE Then there's Successful Intelligence, by intelligence, psychologist and Yale professor Robert J. Sternberg, who is the whole concept in terms of IQ oeuvre misguided, because he believes that IQ is of the opinion author is a pretty lousy predictor of Lifetime Achievement awarded. His successful intelligence theory focuses on three types of intelligence, combined, contribute to an overall success, are: analytical intelligence, mental steps or components are used to solve problems, Creative Intelligence: the use of experiences in a way ; foster insight (creativity / divergent thinking) and practical Intellect: read the ability and on the correlations everyday. Regarding the environment, says Mr. Sternberg in his book Successful Intelligence: Successfully intelligent people recognize that the environment in which they can not or are able to make their talents. They are actively looking for an environment where they can do not only successful work, but make a difference. They create instead let chances by circumstances limited be where they happen found. As an educator, I subscribe to Mr. Sternberg, Successful Intelligence approach to teaching. It has proven to be very effective tool and way of thinking for my students. With Successful intelligence as the backbone of my context-driven curriculum really inspires students to see how education makes their life goals more attainable and motivating them to develop their expertise. Mr. Sternberg believes that the most important factor in achieving targeted expertise commitment. Emotional Intelligence In his best-selling 1995 book, Emotional Intelligence, Daniel Goleman reports that research shows that conventional measures of intelligence - IQ - only 20% of a person's success in life. For example, research on IQ and education shows that high IQ 10 to 25% of predicted grades in school. The percentage will vary how we define success. Nonetheless, Goleman's assertion begs the question: What does the other 80%? You guessed it ... Emotional intelligence. What exactly is emotional intelligence? Emotional Intelligence (EQ or EI as) refers to the ability to perceive, control and evaluation of emotions. Many companies now have mandatory training for their managers EQ in an effort to improve employee Relations and increase productivity. Tacit Knowledge is known as "Street Smarts" You have heard the phrase: "Experience is the greatest teacher ..." In psychology circles gained from everyday experience is tacit knowledge.
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