Soukacatv.com--Digital & Analog Modulators

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Digital Modulation and Demodulation Formats -- Managing Modulation and Demodulation | Soukacatv.com

Digital modulation/demodulation formats provide options in terms of bandwidth efficiency, power efficiency, and complexity/cost when meeting a modern communications system’s data-transfer needs.

Modulation and demodulation provide the means to transfer information over great distances. As noted in the first part of this article (see “Basics of Modulation and Demodulation”), analog forms of modulation and demodulation have been around since the early days of radio. Analog approaches directly encode information from changes in a transmitted signal’s amplitude, phase, or frequency. Digital modulation and demodulation methods, on the other hand, use the changes in amplitude, phase, and frequency to convey digital bits representing the information to be communicated.

HDMI Encoder Modulator, 16in1 Digital Headend, HD RF Modulator at Soukacatv.com

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With growing demands for voice, video, and data over communications networks of all kinds, digital modulation and demodulation have recently replaced analog modulation and demodulation methods in wireless networks to make the most efficient use of a limited resource: bandwidth. In this second part, we explore how some higher-order modulation and demodulation formats are created, and how software and test equipment can help to keep different forms of modulation and demodulation working as planned.

Enhancing Efficiency

Efficiency is a common goal of all modulation/demodulation methods, whether they involve conserving bandwidth, power, or cost. Digital modulation/demodulation formats, in particular, have been found able to transfer large amounts of information with minimal bandwidth and power. While increased data capacity tends toward increased complexity in digital modulation/demodulation, high levels of integration in modern ICs have made possible communications systems capable of reliable, cost-effective operation with even the most advanced digital modulation/demodulation formats.

Reasonable bandwidth efficiency is possible with standard digital modulation formats, such as amplitude-shift keying (ASK), frequency-shift keying (FSK), and phase-shift keying (PSK). By executing additional variations, more complex digital modulation formats can be created with improved data capacity and bandwidth efficiency, as measured in the number of digital bits that can be transferred in a given amount of time per unit amount of bandwidth (b/s/Hz).

For example, with minimum-shift keying (MSK), essentially a form of FSK, peak-to-peak frequency deviation is equal to one-half the bit rate. A further variation of MSK is Gaussian MSK (GMSK), in which the modulated signal passes through a Gaussian filter to minimize instantaneous frequency variations over time and reduce the amount of bandwidth occupied by the transmitted waveforms. GMSK maintains a constant envelope and provides good bit-error-rate (BER) performance in addition to its good spectral efficiency.

By applying some small changes, it is also possible to improve power efficiency. Quadrature PSK (QPSK) is basically a four-state variation of simple PSK. It can be modified in different ways—e.g., offset QPSK (OQPSK)—to boost efficiency. In QPSK, the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) bit streams are switched at the same time, using synchronized digital signal clocks for precise timing. A given amount of power is required to maintain the timing alignment.

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In OQPSK, the I and Q bit streams are offset by one bit period. Unlike QPSK, only one of the two bit streams can change value at any one time in OQPSK, which also provides benefits in terms of power consumption during the bit switching process. The spectral efficiency, using two bit streams, is the same as in standard QPSK, but power efficiency is enhanced due to reduced amplitude variations (by not having the amplitudes of both bit streams passing at the same time). OQPSK does not have the same stringent demands for linear amplification as QPSK, and can be transmitted with a less-linear, more-power-efficient amplifier than required for QPSK.

The Role of Filtering

The bandwidth efficiency of a modulation/demodulation format can be improved by means of filtering, removing signal artifacts that can cause interference with other communications systems. Various types of filters are used to improve the spectral efficiency of different modulation formats, including Gaussian filters (with perfect symmetry of the rolloff around the center frequency); Chebyshev equiripple, finite-impulse-response (FIR) filters; and lowpass Nyquist filters (also known as raised-cosine filters, since they pass nonzero bits through the frequency spectrum as basic cosine functions).

The goal of filtering is to improve spectral efficiency and reduce interference with other systems, but without degrading modulation waveform quality. Excessive filtering can result in increased BER due to a blurring of transmitted symbols that comprise the data stream of a digital modulation format. Known as intersymbol interference (ISI), this loss in integrity of the symbol states (phase, amplitude, frequency) make it difficult to decode the symbols at the demodulator and receiver in a digitally modulated communications system.

An ideal filter is often referred to as a “brickwall” filter for its instant changeover from a passband to a stopband. In reality, filters do not provide an ideal reduction in signal bandwidth due to the need for some amount of transition between a filter passband and its stopband; longer transitions require more bandwidth.

Filters for digital modulation/demodulation applications are regularly characterized by a parameter known as “alpha,” which provides a measure of the amount of occupied bandwidth by a filter. For example, a “brickwall” filter, with instant transition from stopband to passband, would have an alpha value of zero. Filters with longer transitions will maintain larger values of alpha. Smaller values of filter alpha result in increased ISI, because more symbols can contribute to the interference.

Modeling and Measuring

A wide range of suppliers offer modulators and demodulators in various formats, from highly integrated ICs to discrete components. A number of those highly integrated transceiver ICs can be used for both functions—as transmitters/modulators and receivers/demodulators. Some are even based on software-defined-radio (SDR) architectures with sufficient bandwidths to serve multiple wireless communications standards and modulation/demodulation requirements.

Modeling software helps simplify the determination of requirements for a communications system’s modulation/demodulation scheme. Some software programs provide general-purpose modulation/demodulation analysis capabilities, allowing users to predict the results of using different analog and digital modulation schemes. For example, the Modulation Toolkit (Fig. 1) from National Instruments works with the firm’s popular LabVIEW design software to simulate communications systems based on different analog and digital modulation/demodulation formats. The software makes it possible to experiment with different variables, such as carrier frequency, signal strength, and interference; and predict different performance parameters, such as BER, bandwidth efficiency, and power efficiency, under different operating conditions.

In contrast, S1220 software from RIGOL Technologies USA simulates ASK and FSK demodulation, in particular for Internet of Things (IoT) applications (Fig. 2). The software teams with the company’s spectrum analyzers to study modulation/demodulation over a carrier frequency range of 9 kHz to 3.2 GHz (and to 7.5 GHz with options). It provides an ASK symbol rate measurement range of 1 to 100 kHz and FSK deviation measurement range of 1 to 400 kHz.

Test instruments are an important part of achieving good modulation/demodulation performance. Numerous test-equipment suppliers offer programmable signal generators, such as arbitrary waveform generators, that can create different modulation formats to be used with or without a carrier signal generator for emulating modulated test signals. Spectrum analyzers provide windows to the modulation characteristics of waveforms within their frequency ranges. And some specialized measurement instruments have been developed for the purpose of testing modulation and demodulation and associated components, such as modulation domain analyzers (MDAs).

A number of different display formats provide ways to visualize modulated signals—with both signal analyzers and software—including constellation diagrams, eye diagrams, polar diagrams, and trellis diagrams (for trellis modulation). For example, separate eye diagrams can be used to show the magnitude versus time characteristics of two separate I and Q data channels, with I and Q transitions appearing as “eyes” on a computer or instrument display screen. Different modulation formats will show as different types of displays; for instance, QPSK will appear as four distinct I/Q states, one in each quadrant of the display screen. A high-quality signal creates eyes that are open at each symbol.

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com.

CONTACT US

Company: Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Address: Bldg A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Mobile: [phone]

Email: [email protected]

Source: mwrf

[soukacatv]

Digital modulation/demodulation formats provide options in terms of bandwidth efficiency, power efficiency, and complexity/cost when meeting a modern communications system’s data-transfer needs.

Modulation and demodulation provide the means to transfer information over great distances. As noted in the first part of this article (see “Basics of Modulation and Demodulation”), analog forms of modulation and demodulation have been around since the early days of radio. Analog approaches directly encode information from changes in a transmitted signal’s amplitude, phase, or frequency. Digital modulation and demodulation methods, on the other hand, use the changes in amplitude, phase, and frequency to convey digital bits representing the information to be communicated.

HDMI Encoder Modulator, 16in1 Digital Headend, HD RF Modulator at Soukacatv.com

SKD32 IPTV Gateway

Household Universal Encoding & Modulation Modulator

SKD3013 3 Channel HD Encode Modulator

With growing demands for voice, video, and data over communications networks of all kinds, digital modulation and demodulation have recently replaced analog modulation and demodulation methods in wireless networks to make the most efficient use of a limited resource: bandwidth. In this second part, we explore how some higher-order modulation and demodulation formats are created, and how software and test equipment can help to keep different forms of modulation and demodulation working as planned.

Enhancing Efficiency

Efficiency is a common goal of all modulation/demodulation methods, whether they involve conserving bandwidth, power, or cost. Digital modulation/demodulation formats, in particular, have been found able to transfer large amounts of information with minimal bandwidth and power. While increased data capacity tends toward increased complexity in digital modulation/demodulation, high levels of integration in modern ICs have made possible communications systems capable of reliable, cost-effective operation with even the most advanced digital modulation/demodulation formats.

Reasonable bandwidth efficiency is possible with standard digital modulation formats, such as amplitude-shift keying (ASK), frequency-shift keying (FSK), and phase-shift keying (PSK). By executing additional variations, more complex digital modulation formats can be created with improved data capacity and bandwidth efficiency, as measured in the number of digital bits that can be transferred in a given amount of time per unit amount of bandwidth (b/s/Hz).

For example, with minimum-shift keying (MSK), essentially a form of FSK, peak-to-peak frequency deviation is equal to one-half the bit rate. A further variation of MSK is Gaussian MSK (GMSK), in which the modulated signal passes through a Gaussian filter to minimize instantaneous frequency variations over time and reduce the amount of bandwidth occupied by the transmitted waveforms. GMSK maintains a constant envelope and provides good bit-error-rate (BER) performance in addition to its good spectral efficiency.

By applying some small changes, it is also possible to improve power efficiency. Quadrature PSK (QPSK) is basically a four-state variation of simple PSK. It can be modified in different ways—e.g., offset QPSK (OQPSK)—to boost efficiency. In QPSK, the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) bit streams are switched at the same time, using synchronized digital signal clocks for precise timing. A given amount of power is required to maintain the timing alignment.

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In OQPSK, the I and Q bit streams are offset by one bit period. Unlike QPSK, only one of the two bit streams can change value at any one time in OQPSK, which also provides benefits in terms of power consumption during the bit switching process. The spectral efficiency, using two bit streams, is the same as in standard QPSK, but power efficiency is enhanced due to reduced amplitude variations (by not having the amplitudes of both bit streams passing at the same time). OQPSK does not have the same stringent demands for linear amplification as QPSK, and can be transmitted with a less-linear, more-power-efficient amplifier than required for QPSK.

The Role of Filtering

The bandwidth efficiency of a modulation/demodulation format can be improved by means of filtering, removing signal artifacts that can cause interference with other communications systems. Various types of filters are used to improve the spectral efficiency of different modulation formats, including Gaussian filters (with perfect symmetry of the rolloff around the center frequency); Chebyshev equiripple, finite-impulse-response (FIR) filters; and lowpass Nyquist filters (also known as raised-cosine filters, since they pass nonzero bits through the frequency spectrum as basic cosine functions).

The goal of filtering is to improve spectral efficiency and reduce interference with other systems, but without degrading modulation waveform quality. Excessive filtering can result in increased BER due to a blurring of transmitted symbols that comprise the data stream of a digital modulation format. Known as intersymbol interference (ISI), this loss in integrity of the symbol states (phase, amplitude, frequency) make it difficult to decode the symbols at the demodulator and receiver in a digitally modulated communications system.

An ideal filter is often referred to as a “brickwall” filter for its instant changeover from a passband to a stopband. In reality, filters do not provide an ideal reduction in signal bandwidth due to the need for some amount of transition between a filter passband and its stopband; longer transitions require more bandwidth.

Filters for digital modulation/demodulation applications are regularly characterized by a parameter known as “alpha,” which provides a measure of the amount of occupied bandwidth by a filter. For example, a “brickwall” filter, with instant transition from stopband to passband, would have an alpha value of zero. Filters with longer transitions will maintain larger values of alpha. Smaller values of filter alpha result in increased ISI, because more symbols can contribute to the interference.

Modeling and Measuring

A wide range of suppliers offer modulators and demodulators in various formats, from highly integrated ICs to discrete components. A number of those highly integrated transceiver ICs can be used for both functions—as transmitters/modulators and receivers/demodulators. Some are even based on software-defined-radio (SDR) architectures with sufficient bandwidths to serve multiple wireless communications standards and modulation/demodulation requirements.

Modeling software helps simplify the determination of requirements for a communications system’s modulation/demodulation scheme. Some software programs provide general-purpose modulation/demodulation analysis capabilities, allowing users to predict the results of using different analog and digital modulation schemes. For example, the Modulation Toolkit (Fig. 1) from National Instruments works with the firm’s popular LabVIEW design software to simulate communications systems based on different analog and digital modulation/demodulation formats. The software makes it possible to experiment with different variables, such as carrier frequency, signal strength, and interference; and predict different performance parameters, such as BER, bandwidth efficiency, and power efficiency, under different operating conditions.

In contrast, S1220 software from RIGOL Technologies USA simulates ASK and FSK demodulation, in particular for Internet of Things (IoT) applications (Fig. 2). The software teams with the company’s spectrum analyzers to study modulation/demodulation over a carrier frequency range of 9 kHz to 3.2 GHz (and to 7.5 GHz with options). It provides an ASK symbol rate measurement range of 1 to 100 kHz and FSK deviation measurement range of 1 to 400 kHz.

Test instruments are an important part of achieving good modulation/demodulation performance. Numerous test-equipment suppliers offer programmable signal generators, such as arbitrary waveform generators, that can create different modulation formats to be used with or without a carrier signal generator for emulating modulated test signals. Spectrum analyzers provide windows to the modulation characteristics of waveforms within their frequency ranges. And some specialized measurement instruments have been developed for the purpose of testing modulation and demodulation and associated components, such as modulation domain analyzers (MDAs).

A number of different display formats provide ways to visualize modulated signals—with both signal analyzers and software—including constellation diagrams, eye diagrams, polar diagrams, and trellis diagrams (for trellis modulation). For example, separate eye diagrams can be used to show the magnitude versus time characteristics of two separate I and Q data channels, with I and Q transitions appearing as “eyes” on a computer or instrument display screen. Different modulation formats will show as different types of displays; for instance, QPSK will appear as four distinct I/Q states, one in each quadrant of the display screen. A high-quality signal creates eyes that are open at each symbol.

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com. 

CONTACT US

Company: Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Address: Bldg A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Mobile: [phone]

Email: [email protected]

Source: mwrf

Digital Modulation and Demodulation Formats — Managing Modulation and Demodulation | Soukacatv.com Digital modulation/demodulation formats provide options in terms of bandwidth efficiency, power efficiency, and complexity/cost when meeting a modern communications system’s data-transfer needs.

[soukacatv]

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market 2019 Global Demand and Scope – Analog Devices | Soukacatv.com

Global Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market 2018 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2023 details the summary and describes the Product/Industry scope within the market. The report also discusses the market review and forecast to 2023. As per several market studies being conducted by Fior Markets, it is evident that the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market is growing at a very fast pace. The rising industrial advancements market is expected to flourish the growth of the market over the forecast period.

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The report aims to change the dynamics of the Market Research industry by providing quality intelligence backed by data. Readers’ requirement for market forecasting is fulfilled by our exclusive quantitative and analytics driven intelligence. Decision makers can now rely on our distinct data gathering methods to get factual market forecasting and detailed analysis.

In addition to the charts and analysis, marketing decision makers from companies and retailers offer their individual candid advice, as the words of wisdom from their peers all designed to help readers marketing efforts.

The report helps its clients to address their evolving business needs with personalized solutions. These valuable insights can additionally help the clients form revenue generating business policies and build a sustainable growth model.

Geographically, the global big data market report has been segmented in key regions involving North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia), South America (Brazil, Argentina, and Colombia etc.), Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa). These regions held the largest market revenue share for Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers market in 2016 and is expected to dominate during forecast period due to high adoption of analytics across the countries. However, the few countries are expected to register highest growth rate during forecast period due to increasing amount of demands as well as high availability of supply in the regions.

Readers can benefit:

·         Market Overview.

·         Market Competition by Manufacturers.

·         Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Region.

·         Capacity, Production, Revenue (Value) by Region.

·         Industry Effect Factors Analysis.

·         Manufacturers Profiles/Analysis.

·         Manufacturing Cost Analysis.

·         Market Forecast 2018-2022.

·         Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers.

The report also focuses on the importance of the industry chain analysis and all variables, both upstream and downstream. These include equipment and raw materials, industry trends, client surveys, propels, marketing channels, major and most demanding types and applications Consumer Electronics, Telecommunication, Automotive, Industrial, Other. Some of the other critical data covering consumption, raw material suppliers, and key regions and distributors and suppliers are also mentioned in this report.

The Global Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market consists of data accumulated from numerous primary and secondary sources. This information has been verified and validated by the industry analysts, thus providing significant insights to the researchers, analysts, managers, other industry professionals and key players Analog Devices (Linear Technology), Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics, ON Semiconductor, Microchip Technology, Maxim Integrated, Infineon Technology, Vishay, Diodes Incorporated, Renesas Electronics, Semtech, Active-Semi.

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Nonetheless, the surplus amount invested is then employed for making investments which are helpful for earning a higher profit for the policyholders. It is gaining prominence in the major countries and endeavoring to meet the growing need to impart quality deployment.

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com.

CONTACT US

Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Company Address: Building A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Phone: [phone]

Email:[email protected]

Skype: soukaken

Source: bizztribune

[soukacatv]

Global Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market 2018 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2023 details the summary and describes the Product/Industry scope within the market. The report also discusses the market review and forecast to 2023. As per several market studies being conducted by Fior Markets, it is evident that the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market is growing at a very fast pace. The rising industrial advancements market is expected to flourish the growth of the market over the forecast period.

HDMI Encoder Modulator, 16in1 Digital Headend, HD RF Modulator at Soukacatv.com

SKD32 IPTV Gateway

SKD18 IP QAM Modulator

Household Universal Encoding & Modulation Modulator

The report aims to change the dynamics of the Market Research industry by providing quality intelligence backed by data. Readers’ requirement for market forecasting is fulfilled by our exclusive quantitative and analytics driven intelligence. Decision makers can now rely on our distinct data gathering methods to get factual market forecasting and detailed analysis.

In addition to the charts and analysis, marketing decision makers from companies and retailers offer their individual candid advice, as the words of wisdom from their peers all designed to help readers marketing efforts.

The report helps its clients to address their evolving business needs with personalized solutions. These valuable insights can additionally help the clients form revenue generating business policies and build a sustainable growth model.

Geographically, the global big data market report has been segmented in key regions involving North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia), South America (Brazil, Argentina, and Colombia etc.), Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa). These regions held the largest market revenue share for Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers market in 2016 and is expected to dominate during forecast period due to high adoption of analytics across the countries. However, the few countries are expected to register highest growth rate during forecast period due to increasing amount of demands as well as high availability of supply in the regions.

Readers can benefit:

Market Overview.

Market Competition by Manufacturers.

Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Region.

Capacity, Production, Revenue (Value) by Region.

Industry Effect Factors Analysis.

Manufacturers Profiles/Analysis.

Manufacturing Cost Analysis.

Market Forecast 2018-2022.

Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers.

The report also focuses on the importance of the industry chain analysis and all variables, both upstream and downstream. These include equipment and raw materials, industry trends, client surveys, propels, marketing channels, major and most demanding types and applications Consumer Electronics, Telecommunication, Automotive, Industrial, Other. Some of the other critical data covering consumption, raw material suppliers, and key regions and distributors and suppliers are also mentioned in this report.

The Global Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market consists of data accumulated from numerous primary and secondary sources. This information has been verified and validated by the industry analysts, thus providing significant insights to the researchers, analysts, managers, other industry professionals and key players Analog Devices (Linear Technology), Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics, ON Semiconductor, Microchip Technology, Maxim Integrated, Infineon Technology, Vishay, Diodes Incorporated, Renesas Electronics, Semtech, Active-Semi.

DVB-T And ISDB-T Encoder Modulator

SKD3013 3 Channel HD Encode Modulator

SKD121X Encoding & Multiplexing Modulator

Nonetheless, the surplus amount invested is then employed for making investments which are helpful for earning a higher profit for the policyholders. It is gaining prominence in the major countries and endeavoring to meet the growing need to impart quality deployment.

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com.

CONTACT US

Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Company Address: Building A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Phone: [phone]

Email:[email protected]

Skype: soukaken

Source: bizztribune

                        Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market 2019 Global Demand and Scope – Analog Devices | Soukacatv.com Global Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market 2018 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2023…

[soukacatv]

What’s Amplitude Modulation (AM)? Amplitude Modulation History and Its Applications | Soukacatv.com

Amplitude Modulation or AM as it is often called is an electronic communication systems technique wherein the baseband signal is superimposed with the amplitude of the carrier wave i.e. the amplitude of the carrier wave varies with proportion to the base waveform that is being transmitted. Amplitude Modulation has been in use since the earliest days of radio technology. One of the main reasons for the use of amplitude modulation was its ease of use. The system mainly required the carrier amplitude to be modulated, additionally; the detector required in the receiver could be a simple diode-based circuit. This meant that complicated demodulators weren’t required and as a result, the costs were reduced – a key requirement for the use of radio technology in the early days when ICs weren’t available.

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What is Amplitude Modulation (AM)?

When an amplitude modulated signal is created, the amplitude of the created signal represents the original baseband signal to be transmitted. This amplitude forms an envelope over the underlying high-frequency carrier wave. Here, the overall envelope of the carrier is modulated to carry the audio signal. AM is the simplest way of modulating a signal. In short, amplitude modulation is defined as the modulation in which the amplitude of the carrier wave is varied in accordance with some characteristic of the modulating signal.

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Amplitude Modulation History

The first recorded instance of amplitude modulation of the baseband wave harks back to 1901 when a Canadian man Reginald Fessenden used a continuous spark transmission to create the first amplitude modulation ever. Into this continuous spark transmission, he puts a carbon microphone in the antenna lead. The sound waves impacting on the microphone varied its resistances and this, in turn, varied the intensity of the transmission.

Though the accuracy and the signal-to-noise ratio in this earlier method of transmission were very low, with the advent of a continuous sine wave generator, the audio quality was greatly improved. This led to Amplitude modulated waves becoming the standard for voice transmission.

Amplitude Modulation Formula

Amplitude Modulation expression is given by:

s(t)=[Ac+Amcos(2πfmt)]cos(2πfct)

Where,

Am is the amplitude of the modulating signal

Ac is the amplitude of the carrier signal

fm is the frequency of the modulating signal

fc is the frequency of the carrier signal

Amplitude Demodulation

Demodulation or detection is a process where the signal that is a mixture of the amplitude of the baseband signal and the frequency of the carrier signal, is deconstructed to yield the original signal that is to be transmitted. Simply, it is the recovery of the modulating signal from the modulated wave.

Detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave (Demodulation)

The amplitude modulation and demodulation are equally simple to perform. The amplitude modulated signal needs just a simple diode detector circuit to demodulate. The diode rectifies the incoming signal, allowing only one-half of the signal waveform to pass through. The capacitor then is used to remove the radio frequency parts of the signal, leaving just the original waveform. As you see, the equipment for demodulation is very cheap, and this enables the cost of the receivers to be kept low.

Thus, amplitude modulated wave can be demodulated in two steps:

Rectification of modulated wave

Elimination of the RF component of the modulated wave

Advantages and Disadvantages of Amplitude Modulation

Given below in a tabular column are the various advantages and disadvantages of amplitude modulation.

Advantages

It can be demodulated using a circuit with fewer components.

It is easy to implement.

AM receivers are cheap and there is no requirement of specialized components.

Disadvantages

It is not efficient in terms of its use of bandwidth, requiring a bandwidth equal to twice of the highest audio frequency.

Not efficient in terms of power usage.

Prone to high levels of noise as most noise is amplitude based and AM detectors are sensitive to it.

Applications of Amplitude Modulation

With the improvement of the technology, the uses of amplitude modulation waves has become somewhat less prevalent, nevertheless it can still be found playing an important role in;

Broadcast Transmission: AM is still widely used for broadcasting either long or medium or short wave bands. The received signal is simple to break down into the baseband signal and hence the equipment cost to the user is very little and it is easy to manufacture

Air band Radio: The use of AM in the aerospace industry is widespread. The VHF (Very High Frequency) transmissions made by the airborne equipment still use AM. The radio contact between ground to air and also ground to ground use AM signals.

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation: Believe it or not, AM is used in the transmission of data of pretty much everything, from short range transmissions such as Wi-Fi to cellular communications and etc. Quadrature amplitude modulation is formed by mixing two carriers that are out of phase by 90o.

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The need for modulation was sky high and the invention of Amplitude modulation has changed the way in which we communicate.

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com.

CONTACT US

Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Company Address: Building A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Phone: [phone]

Email:[email protected]

Skype: soukaken

Source: byjus

[soukacatv]

Amplitude Modulation or AM as it is often called is an electronic communication systems technique wherein the baseband signal is superimposed with the amplitude of the carrier wave i.e. the amplitude of the carrier wave varies with proportion to the base waveform that is being transmitted. Amplitude Modulation has been in use since the earliest days of radio technology. One of the main reasons for the use of amplitude modulation was its ease of use. The system mainly required the carrier amplitude to be modulated, additionally; the detector required in the receiver could be a simple diode-based circuit. This meant that complicated demodulators weren’t required and as a result, the costs were reduced – a key requirement for the use of radio technology in the early days when ICs weren’t available.

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What is Amplitude Modulation (AM)?

When an amplitude modulated signal is created, the amplitude of the created signal represents the original baseband signal to be transmitted. This amplitude forms an envelope over the underlying high-frequency carrier wave. Here, the overall envelope of the carrier is modulated to carry the audio signal. AM is the simplest way of modulating a signal. In short, amplitude modulation is defined as the modulation in which the amplitude of the carrier wave is varied in accordance with some characteristic of the modulating signal.

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Amplitude Modulation History

The first recorded instance of amplitude modulation of the baseband wave harks back to 1901 when a Canadian man Reginald Fessenden used a continuous spark transmission to create the first amplitude modulation ever. Into this continuous spark transmission, he puts a carbon microphone in the antenna lead. The sound waves impacting on the microphone varied its resistances and this, in turn, varied the intensity of the transmission.

Though the accuracy and the signal-to-noise ratio in this earlier method of transmission were very low, with the advent of a continuous sine wave generator, the audio quality was greatly improved. This led to Amplitude modulated waves becoming the standard for voice transmission.

Amplitude Modulation Formula

Amplitude Modulation expression is given by:

s(t)=[Ac+Amcos(2πfmt)]cos(2πfct)

Where,

Am is the amplitude of the modulating signal

Ac is the amplitude of the carrier signal

fm is the frequency of the modulating signal

fc is the frequency of the carrier signal

Amplitude Demodulation

Demodulation or detection is a process where the signal that is a mixture of the amplitude of the baseband signal and the frequency of the carrier signal, is deconstructed to yield the original signal that is to be transmitted. Simply, it is the recovery of the modulating signal from the modulated wave.

Detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave (Demodulation)

The amplitude modulation and demodulation are equally simple to perform. The amplitude modulated signal needs just a simple diode detector circuit to demodulate. The diode rectifies the incoming signal, allowing only one-half of the signal waveform to pass through. The capacitor then is used to remove the radio frequency parts of the signal, leaving just the original waveform. As you see, the equipment for demodulation is very cheap, and this enables the cost of the receivers to be kept low.

Thus, amplitude modulated wave can be demodulated in two steps:

Rectification of modulated wave

Elimination of the RF component of the modulated wave

Advantages and Disadvantages of Amplitude Modulation

Given below in a tabular column are the various advantages and disadvantages of amplitude modulation.

Advantages

It can be demodulated using a circuit with fewer components.

It is easy to implement.

AM receivers are cheap and there is no requirement of specialized components.

Disadvantages

It is not efficient in terms of its use of bandwidth, requiring a bandwidth equal to twice of the highest audio frequency.

Not efficient in terms of power usage.

Prone to high levels of noise as most noise is amplitude based and AM detectors are sensitive to it.

Applications of Amplitude Modulation

With the improvement of the technology, the uses of amplitude modulation waves has become somewhat less prevalent, nevertheless it can still be found playing an important role in;

Broadcast Transmission: AM is still widely used for broadcasting either long or medium or short wave bands. The received signal is simple to break down into the baseband signal and hence the equipment cost to the user is very little and it is easy to manufacture

Air band Radio: The use of AM in the aerospace industry is widespread. The VHF (Very High Frequency) transmissions made by the airborne equipment still use AM. The radio contact between ground to air and also ground to ground use AM signals.

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation: Believe it or not, AM is used in the transmission of data of pretty much everything, from short range transmissions such as Wi-Fi to cellular communications and etc. Quadrature amplitude modulation is formed by mixing two carriers that are out of phase by 90o.

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The need for modulation was sky high and the invention of Amplitude modulation has changed the way in which we communicate.

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com.

CONTACT US

Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Company Address: Building A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Phone: [phone]

Email:[email protected]

Skype: soukaken

Source: byjus

                          What’s Amplitude Modulation (AM)? Amplitude Modulation History and Its Applications | Soukacatv.com Amplitude Modulation or AM as it is often called is an electronic communication systems technique wherein the baseband signal is superimposed with the amplitude of the carrier wave i.e.

[soukacatv]

Modulation: frequency modulation accelerates the research of quantum technologies | Soukacatv.com

Many modern technological advances and devices are based on understanding quantum mechanics. Compared to semiconductors, hard disk drives or lasers, quantum devices are different in the sense that they directly harness quantum states. A big goal of the field is to develop a working quantum computer theorized to outperform traditional computers in certain difficult computational tasks. Researchers at the University of Oulu and Aalto University have published a review article about physics related to quantum devices in Reports on Progress in Physics.

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A central concept in quantum mechanicsis that of energy level. When a quantum mechanical system such as an atom absorbs a quantum of energy from light, it is excited from a lower to a higher energy level. Changing the separation between the energy levels is called frequency modulation. In quantum devices, frequency modulation is utilized in controlling interactions, inducing transitions among quantum states and engineering artificial energy structures.

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"The basis of quantum mechanical frequency modulation has been known since the 1930s. However, the breakthrough of various quantum technologies in the 2000s has created a need for better theoretical tools for the frequency modulation of quantum systems," says Matti Silveri, presently a postdoctoral researcher from University of Oulu.

Understanding and using frequency modulation is important for developing more accurate quantum devices and faster quantum gates for small-scale quantum computers in the near future. The research field of quantum devices and computing is rapidly growing and it has recently attracted investments from major technology companies such as Google, Intel, IBM and Microsoft.

"We wanted to review the recent experimental and theoretical progress with various kinds of quantum systems under frequency modulation. We hope to accelerate the research in this field," says docent Sorin Paraoanu from Aalto University.

The article discusses the physics of frequency modulation in superconducting quantum circuits, ultra-cold atoms, and nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond and nano-electromechanical resonators. With these platforms, energy levels can be accurately modulated with voltage, microwaves or lasers in experimental settings. The theoretical results of the article are general and can be applied to various quantum systems.

Frequency Modulation Broadcast Transmitter Market 2019 Business Scenario with Key Insights and Forecast

Precast Concrete Products Market has witnessed continuous growth in the past few years and is projected to grow even further during the forecast period (2018-2026). The research presents a complete assessment of the market and contains Future trend, Current Growth Factors, attentive opinions, facts, historical data, and statistically supported and industry validated market data.

Precast Concrete Products Market 2019-2026:

With the rise in Precast Concrete Products Market, the need for niche Market has grown by a staggering rate. This has resulted in a major push in the Precast Concrete Products Market Industry. With Precast Concrete Products Market gaining traction across the globe including the developing Markets of APAC and Africa, many software providers have jumped onto the software bandwagon to develop and provide Precast Concrete Products Market across the globe.

The Precast Concrete Products Market report aims to provide a 360-degree view of the market in terms of technology, key developments, drivers, restraints and future trends with impact analysis of these trends on the market for short-term, mid-term and long-term during the forecast period. Further, the report also covers key players profiling with detailed SWOT analysis, financial facts and key developments of products/service from the past few years.

This report studies the Precast Concrete Products market status and forecast, categorizes the Precast Concrete Products market size (value and volume) by manufacturers, type, application, and region. This report focuses on the top manufacturers in United States, China, Europe, Japan, Southeast Asia, India regions.

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Currently, North America dominates the global Precast Concrete Products market and is followed by Europe due to existence of huge potential for Precast Concrete Products modulating therapeutics and rising popularity of targeted cancer therapy. Emerging economies of Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa are also expected to undergo rapid growth in the Precast Concrete Products market due to the rising incidences of cancer and unmet treatment needs in such developing regions.

Remarkable Attributes of Precast Concrete Products Market Report:

·         The current status of the global Precast Concrete Products market, current market & the two regional and region level.

·         In-Depth Understanding of Facets Activating the Development of the global Precast Concrete Products marketplace.

·         Current market isolation Relating to Identifying portions like Precast Concrete Products Merchandise Sort, end-use Software

·         The innovative perspective of this global Precast Concrete Products current market with layouts that are standard, and also prime chances.

·         The research of this market enticing place regarding product sales of Precast Concrete Products.

·         Various stakeholders in this industry, including investors, product manufacturers, distributors, and suppliers for Precast Concrete Products market, research and consulting firms, new entrants, and financial analysts

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com.

CONTACT US

Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Company Address: Building A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Phone: [phone]

Email:[email protected]

Skype: soukaken

Source: phys & techziffy

[soukacatv]

Many modern technological advances and devices are based on understanding quantum mechanics. Compared to semiconductors, hard disk drives or lasers, quantum devices are different in the sense that they directly harness quantum states. A big goal of the field is to develop a working quantum computer theorized to outperform traditional computers in certain difficult computational tasks. Researchers at the University of Oulu and Aalto University have published a review article about physics related to quantum devices in Reports on Progress in Physics.

HDMI Encoder Modulator, 16in1 Digital Headend, HD RF Modulator at Soukacatv.com

A central concept in quantum mechanicsis that of energy level. When a quantum mechanical system such as an atom absorbs a quantum of energy from light, it is excited from a lower to a higher energy level. Changing the separation between the energy levels is called frequency modulation. In quantum devices, frequency modulation is utilized in controlling interactions, inducing transitions among quantum states and engineering artificial energy structures.

24 In 1 Analog Fixed Channel Modulator Headend

Adjacent Channel 16 In 1 Analog Headend For Hotel Cable TV System

4 Fixed Channel RF Modulator

“The basis of quantum mechanical frequency modulation has been known since the 1930s. However, the breakthrough of various quantum technologies in the 2000s has created a need for better theoretical tools for the frequency modulation of quantum systems,” says Matti Silveri, presently a postdoctoral researcher from University of Oulu.

Understanding and using frequency modulation is important for developing more accurate quantum devices and faster quantum gates for small-scale quantum computers in the near future. The research field of quantum devices and computing is rapidly growing and it has recently attracted investments from major technology companies such as Google, Intel, IBM and Microsoft.

“We wanted to review the recent experimental and theoretical progress with various kinds of quantum systems under frequency modulation. We hope to accelerate the research in this field,” says docent Sorin Paraoanu from Aalto University.

The article discusses the physics of frequency modulation in superconducting quantum circuits, ultra-cold atoms, and nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond and nano-electromechanical resonators. With these platforms, energy levels can be accurately modulated with voltage, microwaves or lasers in experimental settings. The theoretical results of the article are general and can be applied to various quantum systems.

Frequency Modulation Broadcast Transmitter Market 2019 Business Scenario with Key Insights and Forecast

Precast Concrete Products Market has witnessed continuous growth in the past few years and is projected to grow even further during the forecast period (2018-2026). The research presents a complete assessment of the market and contains Future trend, Current Growth Factors, attentive opinions, facts, historical data, and statistically supported and industry validated market data.

Precast Concrete Products Market 2019-2026:

With the rise in Precast Concrete Products Market, the need for niche Market has grown by a staggering rate. This has resulted in a major push in the Precast Concrete Products Market Industry. With Precast Concrete Products Market gaining traction across the globe including the developing Markets of APAC and Africa, many software providers have jumped onto the software bandwagon to develop and provide Precast Concrete Products Market across the globe.

The Precast Concrete Products Market report aims to provide a 360-degree view of the market in terms of technology, key developments, drivers, restraints and future trends with impact analysis of these trends on the market for short-term, mid-term and long-term during the forecast period. Further, the report also covers key players profiling with detailed SWOT analysis, financial facts and key developments of products/service from the past few years.

This report studies the Precast Concrete Products market status and forecast, categorizes the Precast Concrete Products market size (value and volume) by manufacturers, type, application, and region. This report focuses on the top manufacturers in United States, China, Europe, Japan, Southeast Asia, India regions.

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Currently, North America dominates the global Precast Concrete Products market and is followed by Europe due to existence of huge potential for Precast Concrete Products modulating therapeutics and rising popularity of targeted cancer therapy. Emerging economies of Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa are also expected to undergo rapid growth in the Precast Concrete Products market due to the rising incidences of cancer and unmet treatment needs in such developing regions.

Remarkable Attributes of Precast Concrete Products Market Report:

The current status of the global Precast Concrete Products market, current market & the two regional and region level.

In-Depth Understanding of Facets Activating the Development of the global Precast Concrete Products marketplace.

Current market isolation Relating to Identifying portions like Precast Concrete Products Merchandise Sort, end-use Software

The innovative perspective of this global Precast Concrete Products current market with layouts that are standard, and also prime chances.

The research of this market enticing place regarding product sales of Precast Concrete Products.

Various stakeholders in this industry, including investors, product manufacturers, distributors, and suppliers for Precast Concrete Products market, research and consulting firms, new entrants, and financial analysts

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com.

CONTACT US

Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Company Address: Building A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Phone: [phone]

Email:[email protected]

Skype: soukaken

Source: phys & techziffy

            Modulation: frequency modulation accelerates the research of quantum technologies | Soukacatv.com Many modern technological advances and devices are based on understanding quantum mechanics. Compared to semiconductors, hard disk drives or lasers, quantum devices are different in the sense that they directly harness quantum states.

[soukacatv]

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market: 2019 Worldwide Opportunities | Soukacatv.com

The Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers market report analysis series and provides a comprehensive insight into the global Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers channel. It analyses the market, the major players, and the main trends, strategies for success and consumer attitudes. It also provides forecasts to 2024.

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About Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Industry

The overviews, SWOT analysis and strategies of each vendor in the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers market provide understanding about the market forces and how those can be exploited to create future opportunities.

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Key Players in this Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers market are:

Analog Devices (Linear Technology)

Texas Instruments

STMicroelectronics

ON Semiconductor

Microchip Technology

Maxim Integrated

Infineon Technology

Vishay

Diodes Incorporated

Renesas Electronics

Semtech

Active-Semi

Production Analysis: SWOT analysis of major key players of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers industry based on Strengths, Weaknesses, company’s internal & external environments. Opportunities and threats. It also includes Production, Revenue, and average product price and market shares of key players. Those data are further drilled down with Manufacturing Base Distribution, Production Area and Product Type. Major points like Competitive Situation and Trends, Concentration Rate Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion which are vital information to grow/establish a business is also provided.

Product Segment Analysis of the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market is:

Product Type Segmentation

Current Mode PWM Controllers

Voltage Mode PWM Controllers

Industry Segmentation

Consumer Electronics

Telecommunication

Automotive

Industrial

Channel (Direct Sales, Distributor) Segmentation

The scope of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market report:

Global market size, supply, demand, consumption, price, import, export, macroeconomic analysis, type and application segment information by region, including:

Global (Asia-Pacific [China, Southeast Asia, India, Japan, Korea, Western Asia]

Europe [Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Netherlands, Turkey, Switzerland]

North America [United States, Canada, Mexico]

Middle East & Africa [GCC, North Africa, South Africa],

South America [Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Peru])

Industry chain analysis, raw material and end users information

Global key players’ information including SWOT analysis, company’s financial figures, Laser Marking Machine figures of each company are covered.

Powerful market analysis tools used in the report include: Porter’s five forces analysis, PEST analysis, drivers and restraints, opportunities and threatens.

Based year in this report is 2019; the historical data is from 2014 to 2018 and forecast year is from 2020 to 2024.

Table Content of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market Research Report

This report covers definition, development, market status, geographical analysis of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers market.

Competitor analysis including all the key parameters of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers market

Market estimates for at least 7 years

Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and proposals)

Strategic proposals in key business portions dependent available estimations

Company profiling with point by point systems, financials, and ongoing improvements

Mapping of the most recent innovative headways and Supply chain patterns

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market are as follows:-

History Year: 2013-2017

Base Year: 2018

Estimated Year: 2019

Forecast Year 2019 to 2024

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com.

CONTACT US

Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Company Address: Building A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Phone: [phone]

Email:[email protected]

Skype: soukaken

Source: thescrippsvoice

[soukacatv]

The Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers market report analysis series and provides a comprehensive insight into the global Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers channel. It analyses the market, the major players, and the main trends, strategies for success and consumer attitudes. It also provides forecasts to 2024.

HDMI Encoder Modulator, 16in1 Digital Headend, HD RF Modulator at Soukacatv.com

About Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Industry

The overviews, SWOT analysis and strategies of each vendor in the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers market provide understanding about the market forces and how those can be exploited to create future opportunities.

SKD32 IPTV Gateway

SKD18 IP QAM Modulator

SKD3013 3 Channel HD Encode Modulator

Key Players in this Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers market are:

Analog Devices (Linear Technology)

Texas Instruments

STMicroelectronics

ON Semiconductor

Microchip Technology

Maxim Integrated

Infineon Technology

Vishay

Diodes Incorporated

Renesas Electronics

Semtech

Active-Semi

Production Analysis: SWOT analysis of major key players of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers industry based on Strengths, Weaknesses, company’s internal & external environments. Opportunities and threats. It also includes Production, Revenue, and average product price and market shares of key players. Those data are further drilled down with Manufacturing Base Distribution, Production Area and Product Type. Major points like Competitive Situation and Trends, Concentration Rate Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion which are vital information to grow/establish a business is also provided.

Product Segment Analysis of the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market is:

Product Type Segmentation

Current Mode PWM Controllers

Voltage Mode PWM Controllers

Industry Segmentation

Consumer Electronics

Telecommunication

Automotive

Industrial

Channel (Direct Sales, Distributor) Segmentation

The scope of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market report:

Global market size, supply, demand, consumption, price, import, export, macroeconomic analysis, type and application segment information by region, including:

Global (Asia-Pacific [China, Southeast Asia, India, Japan, Korea, Western Asia]

Europe [Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Netherlands, Turkey, Switzerland]

North America [United States, Canada, Mexico]

Middle East & Africa [GCC, North Africa, South Africa],

South America [Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Peru])

Industry chain analysis, raw material and end users information

Global key players’ information including SWOT analysis, company’s financial figures, Laser Marking Machine figures of each company are covered.

Powerful market analysis tools used in the report include: Porter’s five forces analysis, PEST analysis, drivers and restraints, opportunities and threatens.

Based year in this report is 2019; the historical data is from 2014 to 2018 and forecast year is from 2020 to 2024.

Table Content of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market Research Report

This report covers definition, development, market status, geographical analysis of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers market.

Competitor analysis including all the key parameters of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers market

Market estimates for at least 7 years

Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and proposals)

Strategic proposals in key business portions dependent available estimations

Company profiling with point by point systems, financials, and ongoing improvements

Mapping of the most recent innovative headways and Supply chain patterns

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market are as follows:-

History Year: 2013-2017

Base Year: 2018

Estimated Year: 2019

Forecast Year 2019 to 2024

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com.

CONTACT US

Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Company Address: Building A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Phone: [phone]

Email:[email protected]

Skype: soukaken

Source: thescrippsvoice

      Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers Market: 2019 Worldwide Opportunities | Soukacatv.com The Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers market report analysis series and provides a comprehensive insight into the global Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers channel.

[soukacatv]

Advantages and Disadvantages of ASK, FSK, PSK—BPSK, QPSK, MPSK | Soukacatv.com

ASK vs. FSK vs. PSK-Difference between ASK, FSK, PSK modulation

This page on ASK vs. FSK vs. PSK provides difference between ASK, FSK, PSK modulation types. All these are digital modulation techniques. Unlike Analog modulation, here input is in digital binary form. The other input is the RF carrier. Input binary data is referred as modulating signal and output is referred as modulated signal.

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ASK

The short form of Amplitude Shift Keying is referred as ASK. It is the digital modulation technique. In this technique, amplitude of the RF carrier is varied in accordance with baseband digital input signal. The figure depicts operation of ASK modulation. As shown in the figure, binary 1 will be represented by carrier signal with some amplitude while binary 0 will be represented by carrier of zero amplitude(i.e. no carrier).

Fig.1 ASK Modulation

ASK modulation can be represented by following equation:

s(t) = A2* cos(2*π*fc*t) for Binary Logic-1

s(t) = A1* cos(2*π*fc*t) for Binary Logic-0

Here A2>A1

Signaling used is ON-OFF signaling.

Bandwidth requirement for ASK is:

BW = 2/Tb = 2*Rb

Often in ASK modulation, binary-1 is represented by carrier with amplitude-A2 and binary-0 is represented by carrier with amplitude-A1. Here A2 is greater in magnitude compare to A1. The form of ASK where in no carrier is transmitted during the transmission of logic zero is known as OOK modulation (On Off Keying modulation). This is shown in the figure-1. Refer OOK vs ASK modulation >> which compares OOK vs. ASK and depicts difference between OOK and ASK modulation types with signal diagrams.

• In ASK probability of error (Pe) is high and SNR is less.

• It has lowest noise immunity against noise.

• ASK is a bandwidth efficient system but it has lower power efficiency.

FSK

The short form of Frequency Shift Keying is referred as FSK. It is also digital modulation technique. In this technique, frequency of the RF carrier is varied in accordance with baseband digital input. The figure depicts the FSK modulation. As shown, binary 1 and 0 is represented by two different carrier frequencies. Figure depicts that binary 1 is represented by high frequency 'f1' and binary 0 is represented by low frequency 'f2'.

Fig.2 FSK

Binary FSK can be represented by following equation:

s(t) = A* cos(2*π*f1*t) for Binary 1

s(t) = A* cos(2*π*f2*t) for Binary 0

In FSK modulation, NRZ signaling method is used. Bandwidth requirement in case of FSK is:

BW = 2*Rb + (f1-f2)

• In case of FSK, Pe is less and SNR is high.

• This technique is widely employed in modem design and development.

• It has increased immunity to noise but requires larger bandwidth compare to other modulation types.

In order to overcome drawbacks of BFSK (Two level Binary FSK) , multiple FSK modulation techniques with more than two frequencies have been developed. In MFSK (Multiple FSK), more than one bits are represented by each signal elements.

Refer 2FSK and 4FSK Modulation types.

PSK

The short form of Phase Shift Keying is referred as PSK. It is digital modulation technique where in phase of the RF carrier is changed based on digital input. Figure depicts Binary Phase Shift Keying modulation type of PSK. As shown in the figure, Binary 1 is represented by 180 degree phase of the carrier and binary 0 is represented by 0 degree phase of the RF carrier.

Fig.3 PSK

Binary PSK can be represented by following equation :

If s(t) = A*cos(2*π*fc*t) for Binary 1 than

s(t) = A*cos(2*π*fc*t + π) for Binary 0

In PSK modulation, NRZ signaling is used. Bandwidth requirement for PSK is:

BW = 2 * Rb = 2 * Bit rate

• In case of PSK probability of error is less. SNR is high.

• It is a power efficient system but it has lower bandwidth efficiency.

• PSK modulation is widely used in wireless transmission.

• The variants of basic PSK and ASK modulations are QAM, 16-QAM, 64-QAM and so on.

Advantages and Disadvantages of ASK, FSK and PSK

ASK Advantages | ASK Disadvantages | Amplitude Shift Keying

This page covers advantages and disadvantages of ASK.ASK stands for Amplitude Shift Keying. Both ASK advantages and ASK disadvantages are covered.

Following are the silent features of ASK modulation.

• ASK is digital modulation technique in which carrier is analog and data to be modulated is digital. Modulated output is analog.

• Here strength or amplitude of carrier signal is varied to represent binary 1 and binary 0 data inputs; While frequency and phase of the carrier signal remain constant. Voltage levels are left to designers of the modulation system.

Figure-1: ASK Modulation

ASK Advantages

Following points summarizes ASK advantages:

➨It offers high bandwidth efficiency.

➨It has simple receiver design.

➨ASK modulation can be used to transmit digital data over optical fiber.

➨ASK modulation and ASK demodulation processes are comparatively inexpensive.

➨Its variant OOK is used at radio frequencies to transmit more codes.

ASK Disadvantages

Following points summarizes ASK disadvantages:

➨It offers lower power efficiency.

➨ASK modulation is very susceptible to noise interference. This is due to the fact that noise affects the amplitude. Hence another alternative modulation technique such as BPSK which is less susceptible to error than ASK is used.

FSK Advantages | FSK Disadvantages | Frequency Shift Keying

This page covers advantages and disadvantages of FSK. It mentions FSK advantages or benefits and FSK disadvantages or drawbacks. FSK stands for Frequency Shift Keying.

What is FSK?

Introduction:

It is a digital modulation technique which shifts the frequency of the carrier with respect to binary data signal. FSK stands for Frequency Shift Keying. The FSK modulation technique uses two different carrier frequencies to represent binary 1 and binary 0.

As shown in the figure-1, carrier frequency f1 represents binary data one and carrier frequency f2 represents binary data zero. Here amplitude and phase of the carrier remain constant while carrier frequency is changed. Binary FSK (BFSK) can be represented by following mathematical equation:

s(t) = A* cos(2*π*f1*t) for Binary 1

s(t) = A* cos(2*π*f2*t) for Binary 0

In this equation, f2 and f2 are offset from carrier frequency (Fc) by equal but opposite amounts.

Following are the typical applications of FSK modulation.

• It is used on voice grade lines for data rates up to 1200 bps.

• It is used for high frequency radio transmission from 3 to 30 MHz.

• It is also used in coaxial cable based LAN (Local Area Network) at higher frequencies.

Benefits or advantages of FSK

Following are the benefits or advantages of FSK:

➨It has lower probability of error (Pe).

➨It provides high SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio).

➨It has higher immunity to noise due to constant envelope. Hence it is robust against variation in attenuation through channel.

➨FSK transmitter and FSK receiver implementations are simple for low data rate application.

Drawbacks or disadvantages of FSK

Following are the disadvantages of FSK:

➨It uses larger bandwidth compare to other modulation techniques such as ASK and PSK. Hence it is not bandwidth efficient.

➨The BER (Bit Error Rate) performance in AWGN channel is worse compare to PSK modulation.

In order to overcome drawbacks of BFSK, multiple FSK modulation techniques with more than two frequencies have been developed. In MFSK (Multiple FSK), more than one bits are represented by each signal elements.

PSK Advantages | PSK Disadvantages | Phase Shift Keying

This page covers advantages and disadvantages of PSK. It mentions PSK advantages or benefits and PSK disadvantages or drawbacks. PSK stands for Phase Shift Keying.

What is PSK?

Introduction:

It is a digital modulation technique which uses phase of the analog carrier to represent digital binary data. Phase of the carrier wave is changed according to the binary inputs (1 or 0). In two level PSK, difference of 180 phase shift is used between binary 1 and binary 0.

There are many different types of modulation techniques which utilizes this concept to transmit digital binary data. It include two level PSK (i.e. BPSK), Four level PSK (i.e. QPSK) etc. Some techniques employ both amplitude and phase variation to represent binary data such as 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM etc. Two level PSK represents single bit by each signaling elements while four level PSK represents two bits by each signaling elements and so on. 8-PSK represents three bits by each signaling elements.

Following are the equations used to represent BPSK.

➨s(t) = A*cos(2*π*fc*t) for Binary 1 than

➨s(t) = A*cos(2*π*fc*t + π) for Binary 0

As mentioned there are many variants of PSK modulation. Each of these PSK types have different advantages and disadvantages. We will have a look at common advantages and disadvantages of PSK techniques.

Benefits or advantages of PSK

Following are the benefits or advantages of PSK:

➨It carries data over RF signal more efficiently compare to other modulation types. Hence it is more power efficient modulation technique compare to ASK and FSK.

➨It is less susceptible to errors compare to ASK modulation and occupies same bandwidth as ASK.

➨Higher data rate of transmission can be achieved using high level of PSK modulations such as QPSK (represents 2 bits per constellation), 16-QAM (represents 4 bits per constellation) etc.

Drawbacks or disadvantages of PSK

Following are the disadvantages of PSK:

➨It has lower bandwidth efficiency.

➨The binary data is decoded by estimation of phase states of the signal. These detection and recovery algorithms are very complex.

➨Multi-level PSK modulation schemes (QPSK, 16QAM etc.) are more sensitive to phase variations.

➨It is also one form of FSK and hence it also offers lower bandwidth efficiency compare to ASK modulation type.

Digital Phase Modulation: BPSK, QPSK, DQPSK

Digital phase modulation is a versatile and widely used method of wirelessly transferring digital

data.

In the previous page, we saw that we can use discrete variations in a carrier’s amplitude or frequency as a way of representing ones and zeros. It should come as no surprise that we can also represent digital data using phase; this technique is called phase shift keying (PSK).

Binary Phase Shift Keying

The most straightforward type of PSK is called binary phase shift keying (BPSK), where “binary” refers to the use of two phase offsets (one for logic high, one for logic low).

We can intuitively recognize that the system will be more robust if there is greater separation between these two phases—of course it would be difficult for a receiver to distinguish between a symbol with a phase offset of 90° and a symbol with a phase offset of 91°. We only have 360° of phase to work with, so the maximum difference between the logic-high and logic-low phases is 180°. But we know that shifting a sinusoid by 180° is the same as inverting it; thus, we can think of BPSK as simply inverting the carrier in response to one logic state and leaving it alone in response to the other logic state.

To take this a step further, we know that multiplying a sinusoid by negative one is the same as inverting it. This leads to the possibility of implementing BPSK using the following basic hardware configuration:

However, this scheme could easily result in high-slope transitions in the carrier waveform: if the transition between logic states occurs when the carrier is at its maximum value, the carrier voltage has to rapidly move to the minimum voltage.

High-slope events such as these are undesirable because they generate higher-frequency energy that could interfere with other RF signals. Also, amplifiers have limited ability to produce high-slope changes in output voltage.

If we refine the above implementation with two additional features, we can ensure smooth transitions between symbols. First, we need to ensure that the digital bit period is equal to one or more complete carrier cycles. Second, we need to synchronize the digital transitions with the carrier waveform. With these improvements, we could design the system such that the 180° phase change occurs when the carrier signal is at (or very near) the zero-crossing.

QPSK

BPSK transfers one bit per symbol, which is what we’re accustomed to so far. Everything we’ve discussed with regard to digital modulation has assumed that the carrier signal is modified according to whether a digital voltage is logic low or logic high, and the receiver constructs digital data by interpreting each symbol as either a 0 or a 1.

Before we discuss quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), we need to introduce the following important concept: There is no reason why one symbol can transfer only one bit. It’s true that the world of digital electronics is built around circuitry in which the voltage is at one extreme or the other, such that the voltage always represents one digital bit. But RF is not digital; rather, we’re using analog waveforms to transfer digital data, and it is perfectly acceptable to design a system in which the analog waveforms are encoded and interpreted in a way that allows one symbol to represent two (or more) bits.

QPSK is a modulation scheme that allows one symbol to transfer two bits of data. There are four possible two-bit numbers (00, 01, 10, 11), and consequently we need four phase offsets. Again, we want maximum separation between the phase options, which in this case is 90°.

The advantage is higher data rate: if we maintain the same symbol period, we can double the rate at which data is moved from transmitter to receiver. The downside is system complexity. (You might think that QPSK is also significantly more susceptible to bit errors than BPSK, since there is less separation between the possible phase values. This is a reasonable assumption, but if you go through the math it turns out that the error probabilities are actually very similar.)

Variants

QPSK is, overall, an effective modulation scheme. But it can be improved.

Phase Jumps

Standard QPSK guarantees that high-slope symbol-to-symbol transitions will occur; because the phase jumps can be ±90°, we can’t use the approach described for the 180° phase jumps produced by BPSK modulation.

This problem can be mitigated by using one of two QPSK variants. Offset QPSK, which involves adding a delay to one of two digital data streams used in the modulation process, reduces the maximum phase jump to 90°. Another option is π/4-QPSK, which reduces the maximum phase jump to 135°. Offset QPSK is thus superior with respect to reducing phase discontinuities, but π/4-QPSK is advantageous because it is compatible with differential encoding (discussed in the next subsection).

Another way to deal with symbol-to-symbol discontinuities is to implement additional signal processing that creates smoother transitions between symbols. This approach is incorporated into a modulation scheme called minimum shift keying (MSK), and there is also an improvement on MSK known as Gaussian MSK.

Differential Encoding

Another difficulty is that demodulation with PSK waveforms is more difficult than with FSK waveforms. Frequency is “absolute” in the sense that frequency changes can always be interpreted by analyzing the signal variations with respect to time. Phase, however, is relative in the sense that it has no universal reference—the transmitter generates the phase variations with reference to a point in time, and the receiver might interpret the phase variations with reference to a separate point in time.

The practical manifestation of this is the following: If there are differences between the phase (or frequency) of the oscillators used for modulation and demodulation, PSK becomes unreliable. And we have to assume that there will be phase differences (unless the receiver incorporates carrier-recovery circuitry).

Differential QPSK (DQPSK) is a variant that is compatible with noncoherent receivers (i.e., receivers that don’t synchronize the demodulation oscillator with the modulation oscillator). Differential QPSK encodes data by producing a certain phase shift relative to the preceding symbol. By using the phase of the preceding symbol in this way, the demodulation circuitry analyzes the phase of a symbol using a reference that is common to the receiver and the transmitter.

Summary

•Binary phase shift keying is a straightforward modulation scheme that can transfer one bit per symbol.

•Quadrature phase shift keying is more complex but doubles the data rate (or achieves the same data rate with half the bandwidth).

•Offset QPSK, π/4-QPSK, and minimum shift keying are modulation schemes that mitigate the effects of high-slope symbol-to-symbol voltage changes.

•Differential QPSK uses the phase difference between adjacent symbols to avoid problems associated with a lack of phase synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com.

CONTACT US

Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Company Address: Building A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Phone: [phone]

Email:[email protected]

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Source: rfwireless-world and allaboutcircuits

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Advantages and Disadvantages of ASK, FSK, PSK, BPSK, QPSK, MPSK and QAM | Soukacatv.com

Advantages and Disadvantages of ASK, FSK, PSK, BPSK, QPSK, MPSK and QAM | Soukacatv.com

ASK vs. FSK vs. PSK-Difference between ASK, FSK, PSK modulation

This page on ASK vs. FSK vs. PSK provides difference between ASK, FSK, PSK modulation types. All these are digital modulation techniques. Unlike Analog modulation, here input is in digital binary form. The other input is the RF carrier. Input binary data is referred as modulating signal and output is referred as modulated signal.

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What’s the QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)? 16 QAM, 64 QAM and 256 QAM Difference | Soukacatv.com

This page covers basics of QAM i.e. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation technique. It compares 16-QAM vs. 64-QAM vs. 256-QAM and mentions difference between 16-QAM,64-QAM and 256-QAM.

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QAM stands for Quadrature Amplitude Modulation. It is digital modulation technique. This modulation technique is a combination of both Amplitude and phase modulation techniques. QAM is better than QPSK in terms of data carrying capacity. QAM takes benefit from the concept that two signal frequencies; one shifted by 90 degree with respect to the other can be transmitted on the same carrier. For QAM, each carrier is ASK/PSK modulated. Hence data symbols have different amplitudes and phases. S(t)= d1(t) cos(2*pi*fc*t)+ d2(t) sin(2*pi*fc*t)

Figure mention the constellation points and encoding rule,which is taken from IEEE standard 802.16-2004 to demonstrate the 16-QAM concept. As mentioned for each symbol both phase and amplitudes are varied to represent different bits. There are two levels of amplitudes for each phase i.e. d1 level and d2 level . There are many variants to this technique. Most popular are 16-QAM, 64-QAM and 256-QAM. The example below explains 16-QAM. In 16-QAM each symbol represents 4 bits as mentioned in the constellation diagram above. For example if the input is 1010 then the output is (-3-j*3)*KMOD. Typically KMOD is 1/root (10) for 16-QAM.

In 64-QAM, each symbol is represented by 6 bits and in 256-QAM, each symbol is represented by 8 bits. As the level increases, QAM technique becomes more bandwidth efficient but it requires very robust algorithms in order to decode complex symbols to bits at receiver.

For example 256-QAM is complex than 16-QAM. QAM is more bandwidth efficient compare to BPSK but it is less robust. Hence for better CINR in the system QAM is employed which leads better data rate. For poor CINR, BPSK is employed. CINR stands for Carrier to Interference and Noise Ratio.

Difference between 16-QAM, 64-QAM and 256-QAM

Following table mentions difference between 16-QAM, 64-QAM and 256-QAM modulation techniques. The purpose of KMOD here is to achieve the same average power for all the mapped symbols (i.e. average power of 1).

Specifications

16-QAM

64-QAM

256-QAM

Number of bits per symbol

4

6

8

Symbol rate

(1/4) of bit rate

(1/6) of bit rate

(1/8) of bit rate

KMOD

1/SQRT(10)

1/SQRT(42)

1/SQRT(170)

Applications

• CDMA • WiMAX-16d, 16e • WLAN-11a OFDM • Satellite • DVB • Cable modem

What is QAM: quadrature amplitude modulation?

QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation combines amplitude & phase changes to give additional capacity & is widely used for data communications.

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM utilizes both amplitude and phase components to provide a form of modulation that is able to provide high levels of spectrum usage efficiency.

QAM, quadrature amplitude modulation has been used for some analogue transmissions including AM stereo transmissions, but it is for data applications where it has come into its own. It is able to provide a highly effective form of modulation for data and as such it is used in everything from cellular phones to Wi-Fi and almost every other form of high speed data communications system.

Quadrature amplitude modulation concept

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What is QAM, quadrature amplitude modulation?

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM is a signal in which two carriers shifted in phase by 90 degrees (i.e. sine and cosine) are modulated and combined. As a result of their 90° phase difference they are in quadrature and this gives rise to the name. Often one signal is called the In-phase or “I” signal, and the other is the quadrature or “Q” signal.

The resultant overall signal consisting of the combination of both I and Q carriers contains of both amplitude and phase variations. In view of the fact that both amplitude and phase variations are present it may also be considered as a mixture of amplitude and phase modulation.

A motivation for the use of quadrature amplitude modulation comes from the fact that a straight amplitude modulated signal, i.e. double sideband even with a suppressed carrier occupies twice the bandwidth of the modulating signal. This is very wasteful of the available frequency spectrum. QAM restores the balance by placing two independent double sideband suppressed carrier signals in the same spectrum as one ordinary double sideband supressed carrier signal.

Analogue and digital QAM

Quadrature amplitude modulation, QAM may exist in what may be termed either analogue or digital formats. The analogue versions of QAM are typically used to allow multiple analogue signals to be carried on a single carrier. For example it is used in PAL and NTSC television systems, where the different channels provided by QAM enable it to carry the components of chroma or color information. In radio applications a system known as C-QUAM is used for AM stereo radio. Here the different channels enable the two channels required for stereo to be carried on the single carrier.

Digital formats of QAM are often referred to as "Quantized QAM" and they are being increasingly used for data communications often within radio communications systems. Radio communications systems ranging from cellular technology as in the case of LTE through wireless systems including WiMAX, and Wi-Fi 802.11 use a variety of forms of QAM, and the use of QAM will only increase within the field of radio communications.

Digital / Quantized QAM basics

Quadrature amplitude modulation, QAM, when used for digital transmission for radio communications applications is able to carry higher data rates than ordinary amplitude modulated schemes and phase modulated schemes.

Basic signals exhibit only two positions which allow the transfer of either a 0 or 1. Using QAM there are many different points that can be used, each having defined values of phase and amplitude. This is known as a constellation diagram. The different positions are assigned different values, and in this way a single signal is able to transfer data at a much higher rate.

Constellation diagram for a 16QAM signal showing the location of the different points

As shown above, the constellation points are typically arranged in a square grid with equal horizontal and vertical spacing. Although data is binary the most common forms of QAM, although not all, are where there constellation can form a square with the number of points equal to a power of 2 i.e. 4, 16, 64 . . . . , i.e. 16QAM, 64QAM, etc.

By using higher order modulation formats, i.e. more points on the constellation, it is possible to transmit more bits per symbol. However the points are closer together and they are therefore more susceptible to noise and data errors.

The advantage of moving to the higher order formats is that there are more points within the constellation and therefore it is possible to transmit more bits per symbol. The downside is that the constellation points are closer together and therefore the link is more susceptible to noise. As a result, higher order versions of QAM are only used when there is a sufficiently high signal to noise ratio.

To provide an example of how QAM operates, the constellation diagram below shows the values associated with the different states for a 16QAM signal. From this it can be seen that a continuous bit stream may be grouped into fours and represented as a sequence.

Bit sequence mapping for a 16QAM signal

Normally the lowest order QAM encountered is 16QAM. The reason for this being the lowest order normally encountered is that 2QAM is the same as binary phase-shift keying, BPSK, and 4QAM is the same as quadrature phase-shift keying, QPSK.

Additionally 8QAM is not widely used. This is because error-rate performance of 8QAM is almost the same as that of 16QAM - it is only about 0.5 dB better and the data rate is only three-quarters that of 16QAM. This arises from the rectangular, rather than square shape of the constellation.

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QAM advantages and disadvantages

Although QAM appears to increase the efficiency of transmission for radio communications systems by utilizing both amplitude and phase variations, it has a number of drawbacks. The first is that it is more susceptible to noise because the states are closer together so that a lower level of noise is needed to move the signal to a different decision point. Receivers for use with phase or frequency modulation are both able to use limiting amplifiers that are able to remove any amplitude noise and thereby improve the noise reliance. This is not the case with QAM.

The second limitation is also associated with the amplitude component of the signal. When a phase or frequency modulated signal is amplified in a radio transmitter, there is no need to use linear amplifiers, whereas when using QAM that contains an amplitude component, linearity must be maintained. Unfortunately linear amplifiers are less efficient and consume more power, and this makes them less attractive for mobile applications.

QAM vs. PSK & other modes

When deciding on a form of modulation it is worth comparing AM vs PSK and other modes looking at what they each have to offer.

As there are advantages and disadvantages of using QAM it is necessary to compare QAM with other modes before making a decision about the optimum mode. Some radio communications systems dynamically change the modulation scheme dependent upon the link conditions and requirements - signal level, noise, data rate required, etc.

The table below compares various forms of modulation:

SUMMARY OF TYPES OF MODULATION WITH DATA CAPACITIES

MODULATION

BITS PER SYMBOL

-- ERROR MARGIN --

COMPLEXITY

OOK

1

1/2

0.5

Low

BPSK

1

1

1

Medium

QPSK

2

1 / √2

0.71

Medium

16 QAM

4

√2 / 6

0.23

High

64QAM

6

√2 / 14

0.1

High

Typically it is found that if data rates above those that can be achieved using 8-PSK are required, it is more usual to use quadrature amplitude modulation. This is because it has a greater distance between adjacent points in the I - Q plane and this improves its noise immunity. As a result it can achieve the same data rate at a lower signal level.

However, the points no longer the same amplitude. This means that the demodulator must detect both phase and amplitude. Also the fact that the amplitude varies means that a linear amplifier is required to amplify the signal.

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com.

CONTACT US

Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Company Address: Building A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Phone: [phone]

Email:[email protected]

Skype: soukaken

Source: rfwireless-world and electronics-notes

[soukacatv]

This page covers basics of QAM i.e. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation technique. It compares 16-QAM vs. 64-QAM vs. 256-QAM and mentions difference between 16-QAM,64-QAM and 256-QAM.

HDMI Encoder Modulator, 16in1 Digital Headend, HD RF Modulator at Soukacatv.com

SKD18 IP QAM Modulator

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QAM stands for Quadrature Amplitude Modulation. It is digital modulation technique. This modulation technique is a combination of both Amplitude and phase modulation techniques. QAM is better than QPSK in terms of data carrying capacity. QAM takes benefit from the concept that two signal frequencies; one shifted by 90 degree with respect to the other can be transmitted on the same carrier. For QAM, each carrier is ASK/PSK modulated. Hence data symbols have different amplitudes and phases. S(t)= d1(t) cos(2*pi*fc*t)+ d2(t) sin(2*pi*fc*t)

Figure mention the constellation points and encoding rule,which is taken from IEEE standard 802.16-2004 to demonstrate the 16-QAM concept. As mentioned for each symbol both phase and amplitudes are varied to represent different bits. There are two levels of amplitudes for each phase i.e. d1 level and d2 level . There are many variants to this technique. Most popular are 16-QAM, 64-QAM and 256-QAM. The example below explains 16-QAM. In 16-QAM each symbol represents 4 bits as mentioned in the constellation diagram above. For example if the input is 1010 then the output is (-3-j*3)*KMOD. Typically KMOD is 1/root (10) for 16-QAM.

In 64-QAM, each symbol is represented by 6 bits and in 256-QAM, each symbol is represented by 8 bits. As the level increases, QAM technique becomes more bandwidth efficient but it requires very robust algorithms in order to decode complex symbols to bits at receiver.

For example 256-QAM is complex than 16-QAM. QAM is more bandwidth efficient compare to BPSK but it is less robust. Hence for better CINR in the system QAM is employed which leads better data rate. For poor CINR, BPSK is employed. CINR stands for Carrier to Interference and Noise Ratio.

Difference between 16-QAM, 64-QAM and 256-QAM

Following table mentions difference between 16-QAM, 64-QAM and 256-QAM modulation techniques. The purpose of KMOD here is to achieve the same average power for all the mapped symbols (i.e. average power of 1).

Specifications 16-QAM 64-QAM 256-QAM Number of bits per symbol 4 6 8 Symbol rate (1/4) of bit rate (1/6) of bit rate (1/8) of bit rate KMOD 1/SQRT(10) 1/SQRT(42) 1/SQRT(170)

Applications

CDMA • WiMAX-16d, 16e • WLAN-11a OFDM • Satellite • DVB • Cable modem

What is QAM: quadrature amplitude modulation?

QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation combines amplitude & phase changes to give additional capacity & is widely used for data communications.

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM utilizes both amplitude and phase components to provide a form of modulation that is able to provide high levels of spectrum usage efficiency.

QAM, quadrature amplitude modulation has been used for some analogue transmissions including AM stereo transmissions, but it is for data applications where it has come into its own. It is able to provide a highly effective form of modulation for data and as such it is used in everything from cellular phones to Wi-Fi and almost every other form of high speed data communications system.

Quadrature amplitude modulation concept

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DVB-T And ISDB-T Encoder Modulator

What is QAM, quadrature amplitude modulation?

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM is a signal in which two carriers shifted in phase by 90 degrees (i.e. sine and cosine) are modulated and combined. As a result of their 90° phase difference they are in quadrature and this gives rise to the name. Often one signal is called the In-phase or “I” signal, and the other is the quadrature or “Q” signal.

The resultant overall signal consisting of the combination of both I and Q carriers contains of both amplitude and phase variations. In view of the fact that both amplitude and phase variations are present it may also be considered as a mixture of amplitude and phase modulation.

A motivation for the use of quadrature amplitude modulation comes from the fact that a straight amplitude modulated signal, i.e. double sideband even with a suppressed carrier occupies twice the bandwidth of the modulating signal. This is very wasteful of the available frequency spectrum. QAM restores the balance by placing two independent double sideband suppressed carrier signals in the same spectrum as one ordinary double sideband supressed carrier signal.

Analogue and digital QAM

Quadrature amplitude modulation, QAM may exist in what may be termed either analogue or digital formats. The analogue versions of QAM are typically used to allow multiple analogue signals to be carried on a single carrier. For example it is used in PAL and NTSC television systems, where the different channels provided by QAM enable it to carry the components of chroma or color information. In radio applications a system known as C-QUAM is used for AM stereo radio. Here the different channels enable the two channels required for stereo to be carried on the single carrier.

Digital formats of QAM are often referred to as “Quantized QAM” and they are being increasingly used for data communications often within radio communications systems. Radio communications systems ranging from cellular technology as in the case of LTE through wireless systems including WiMAX, and Wi-Fi 802.11 use a variety of forms of QAM, and the use of QAM will only increase within the field of radio communications.

Digital / Quantized QAM basics

Quadrature amplitude modulation, QAM, when used for digital transmission for radio communications applications is able to carry higher data rates than ordinary amplitude modulated schemes and phase modulated schemes.

Basic signals exhibit only two positions which allow the transfer of either a 0 or 1. Using QAM there are many different points that can be used, each having defined values of phase and amplitude. This is known as a constellation diagram. The different positions are assigned different values, and in this way a single signal is able to transfer data at a much higher rate.

Constellation diagram for a 16QAM signal showing the location of the different points

As shown above, the constellation points are typically arranged in a square grid with equal horizontal and vertical spacing. Although data is binary the most common forms of QAM, although not all, are where there constellation can form a square with the number of points equal to a power of 2 i.e. 4, 16, 64 . . . . , i.e. 16QAM, 64QAM, etc.

By using higher order modulation formats, i.e. more points on the constellation, it is possible to transmit more bits per symbol. However the points are closer together and they are therefore more susceptible to noise and data errors.

The advantage of moving to the higher order formats is that there are more points within the constellation and therefore it is possible to transmit more bits per symbol. The downside is that the constellation points are closer together and therefore the link is more susceptible to noise. As a result, higher order versions of QAM are only used when there is a sufficiently high signal to noise ratio.

To provide an example of how QAM operates, the constellation diagram below shows the values associated with the different states for a 16QAM signal. From this it can be seen that a continuous bit stream may be grouped into fours and represented as a sequence.

Bit sequence mapping for a 16QAM signal

Normally the lowest order QAM encountered is 16QAM. The reason for this being the lowest order normally encountered is that 2QAM is the same as binary phase-shift keying, BPSK, and 4QAM is the same as quadrature phase-shift keying, QPSK.

Additionally 8QAM is not widely used. This is because error-rate performance of 8QAM is almost the same as that of 16QAM – it is only about 0.5 dB better and the data rate is only three-quarters that of 16QAM. This arises from the rectangular, rather than square shape of the constellation.

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QAM advantages and disadvantages

Although QAM appears to increase the efficiency of transmission for radio communications systems by utilizing both amplitude and phase variations, it has a number of drawbacks. The first is that it is more susceptible to noise because the states are closer together so that a lower level of noise is needed to move the signal to a different decision point. Receivers for use with phase or frequency modulation are both able to use limiting amplifiers that are able to remove any amplitude noise and thereby improve the noise reliance. This is not the case with QAM.

The second limitation is also associated with the amplitude component of the signal. When a phase or frequency modulated signal is amplified in a radio transmitter, there is no need to use linear amplifiers, whereas when using QAM that contains an amplitude component, linearity must be maintained. Unfortunately linear amplifiers are less efficient and consume more power, and this makes them less attractive for mobile applications.

QAM vs. PSK & other modes

When deciding on a form of modulation it is worth comparing AM vs PSK and other modes looking at what they each have to offer.

As there are advantages and disadvantages of using QAM it is necessary to compare QAM with other modes before making a decision about the optimum mode. Some radio communications systems dynamically change the modulation scheme dependent upon the link conditions and requirements – signal level, noise, data rate required, etc.

The table below compares various forms of modulation:

SUMMARY OF TYPES OF MODULATION WITH DATA CAPACITIES MODULATION BITS PER SYMBOL — ERROR MARGIN — COMPLEXITY OOK 1 1/2 0.5 Low BPSK 1 1 1 Medium QPSK 2 1 / √2 0.71 Medium 16 QAM 4 √2 / 6 0.23 High 64QAM 6 √2 / 14 0.1 High

Typically it is found that if data rates above those that can be achieved using 8-PSK are required, it is more usual to use quadrature amplitude modulation. This is because it has a greater distance between adjacent points in the I – Q plane and this improves its noise immunity. As a result it can achieve the same data rate at a lower signal level.

However, the points no longer the same amplitude. This means that the demodulator must detect both phase and amplitude. Also the fact that the amplitude varies means that a linear amplifier is required to amplify the signal.

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com.

CONTACT US

Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Company Address: Building A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Phone: [phone]

Email:[email protected]

Skype: soukaken

Source: rfwireless-world and electronics-notes

                What’s the QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)? 16 QAM, 64 QAM and 256 QAM Difference | Soukacatv.com This page covers basics of QAM i.e. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation technique. It compares 16-QAM vs. 64-QAM vs.

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What does 4K mean, are 4K TVs worth the money and is Ultra HD any different? | Soukacatv.com

Has a trip to your local TV store left you baffled? Here's what you need to know before investing in a 4K telly.

KEEP hearing about 4K TVs this Black Friday, but got no ruddy idea what it means?

Here's a simple guide that explains everything you need to know about 4K, UHD, and Ultra HD televisions – and check out our best 4K TVs round-up for good measure.

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What does 4K mean?

4K refers to the number of pixels on your TV screen – or the "image resolution".

The pixels are the tiny dots of color that make up the image you see on your telly.

A pixelated image is one where the pixels are really obvious, because there aren't many.

But images with lots of pixels – like a 4K movie – generally look sharper and clearer.

A true 4K screen has 4096 x 2160 pixels. That means on your TV screen there are 3840 pixels across and 2160 pixels vertically. That's roughly 8.3 million pixels on the display in total.

4K gets its name because it's got four times the number of pixels as a standard Full HD TV.

Full HD (or 1080p) screens have 1920 pixels across, and 1080 pixels going upwards – for around two million pixels in total.

So 4K just means your TV has many more pixels on the screen compared to a more common Full HD display.

Household Universal Encoding & Modulation Modulator

Is there a difference between 4K and Ultra HD?

Ultra HD, or UHD, is basically the same as 4K.

If you buy a UHD telly in a shop, you'll be able to watch 4K content on it with no bother.

But there is a small difference.

Almost every TV you ever buy has an aspect ratio of 16:9. That means for every 16 pixels horizontally, there are 9 vertically.

True 4K footage doesn't quite fit in with that ratio, so you won't often find TVs with 4096 x 2160 pixels.

Instead, to fit with the 16:9 ratio, most 4K TVs will have 3840 x 2160 pixels instead.

If it doesn't make sense, grab a calculator and divide 2160 by 9. Then multiply it by 16, and you'll get 3840. That's the aspect ratio working its magic!

So when you see an Ultra HD TV, it just means it's a 4K image with slightly fewer vertical pixels.

Do I need a 4K TV to watch 4K videos?

Sort of.

If you try watching a 4K video on a non-4K TV, the video will still play – but it won't be in 4K quality.

To watch a 4K video in 4K quality, you'll need to fork out for a 4K TV.

Similarly, if you're watching standard or HD footage on a 4K TV, it won't magically become 4K quality.

Some TVs promise "4K upscaling", which converts your standard or HD footage to near-4K quality.

This works by using software to guess what colours would fill the extra empty pixels missing in HD footage, and then filling them in.

This creates a 4K-like effect, but it's not true 4K.

Where can I find 4K TV shows and movies?

It used to be the case that there was a real shortage of 4K content, but that's ancient history.

These days, you can find loads of great 4K TV shows and movies on both Netflix and Amazon Video.

You can also track down high-quality 4K videos on YouTube to watch, too.

And if you've got a 4K Blu-ray player (or an Xbox One) you can also buy 4K discs to play on your TV.

Is 4K worth the money?

4K televisions aren't really that expensive anymore, so you'll be hard-pressed to find a decent TV that isn't 4K.

Generally, we'd advise investing in a 4K TV now, because they're cheap enough and there's plenty of 4K content available online.

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com.

CONTACT US

Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Company Address: Building A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Phone: [phone]

Email:[email protected]

Skype: soukaken

Source: thesun

[soukacatv]

Has a trip to your local TV store left you baffled? Here’s what you need to know before investing in a 4K telly.

KEEP hearing about 4K TVs this Black Friday, but got no ruddy idea what it means?

Here’s a simple guide that explains everything you need to know about 4K, UHD, and Ultra HD televisions – and check out our best 4K TVs round-up for good measure.

HDMI Encoder Modulator, 16in1 Digital Headend, HD RF Modulator at Soukacatv.com

16 IN 1 Digital Modulator Headend System

DVB-T And ISDB-T Encoder Modulator

Dual HD Input Modulator With ISDB-T And DVB-T Modulation

What does 4K mean?

4K refers to the number of pixels on your TV screen – or the “image resolution”.

The pixels are the tiny dots of color that make up the image you see on your telly.

A pixelated image is one where the pixels are really obvious, because there aren’t many.

But images with lots of pixels – like a 4K movie – generally look sharper and clearer.

A true 4K screen has 4096 x 2160 pixels. That means on your TV screen there are 3840 pixels across and 2160 pixels vertically. That’s roughly 8.3 million pixels on the display in total.

4K gets its name because it’s got four times the number of pixels as a standard Full HD TV.

Full HD (or 1080p) screens have 1920 pixels across, and 1080 pixels going upwards – for around two million pixels in total.

So 4K just means your TV has many more pixels on the screen compared to a more common Full HD display.

Household Universal Encoding & Modulation Modulator

Is there a difference between 4K and Ultra HD?

Ultra HD, or UHD, is basically the same as 4K.

If you buy a UHD telly in a shop, you’ll be able to watch 4K content on it with no bother.

But there is a small difference.

Almost every TV you ever buy has an aspect ratio of 16:9. That means for every 16 pixels horizontally, there are 9 vertically.

True 4K footage doesn’t quite fit in with that ratio, so you won’t often find TVs with 4096 x 2160 pixels.

Instead, to fit with the 16:9 ratio, most 4K TVs will have 3840 x 2160 pixels instead.

If it doesn’t make sense, grab a calculator and divide 2160 by 9. Then multiply it by 16, and you’ll get 3840. That’s the aspect ratio working its magic!

So when you see an Ultra HD TV, it just means it’s a 4K image with slightly fewer vertical pixels.

Do I need a 4K TV to watch 4K videos?

Sort of.

If you try watching a 4K video on a non-4K TV, the video will still play – but it won’t be in 4K quality.

To watch a 4K video in 4K quality, you’ll need to fork out for a 4K TV.

Similarly, if you’re watching standard or HD footage on a 4K TV, it won’t magically become 4K quality.

Some TVs promise “4K upscaling”, which converts your standard or HD footage to near-4K quality.

This works by using software to guess what colours would fill the extra empty pixels missing in HD footage, and then filling them in.

This creates a 4K-like effect, but it’s not true 4K.

Where can I find 4K TV shows and movies?

It used to be the case that there was a real shortage of 4K content, but that’s ancient history.

These days, you can find loads of great 4K TV shows and movies on both Netflix and Amazon Video.

You can also track down high-quality 4K videos on YouTube to watch, too.

And if you’ve got a 4K Blu-ray player (or an Xbox One) you can also buy 4K discs to play on your TV.

Is 4K worth the money?

4K televisions aren’t really that expensive anymore, so you’ll be hard-pressed to find a decent TV that isn’t 4K.

Generally, we’d advise investing in a 4K TV now, because they’re cheap enough and there’s plenty of 4K content available online.

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com.

CONTACT US

Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Company Address: Building A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Phone: [phone]

Email:[email protected]

Skype: soukaken

Source: thesun

What does 4K mean, are 4K TVs worth the money and is Ultra HD any different? | Soukacatv.com Has a trip to your local TV store left you baffled? Here's what you need to know before investing in a 4K telly.

[soukacatv]

4K vs. 1080p – 5 reasons to upgrade and 5 reasons to keep the old HD | Soukacatv.com

You're looking to get a TV. You're thinking maybe a 1080p TV or a 4K TV but you don't know which one. Maybe we can help! Here's our 4K vs. 1080p comparison!

Upgrading your TV can be a real pain in the rear end. There are literally hundreds of choices from over a dozen manufacturers. Most TVs also have extra features that you may or may not actually need. They can range in price from a couple of hundred bucks to thousands of dollars. There are tons of TVs. It can get overwhelming.

4K is one of those newer options. The number of 4K TVs has grown over the last few years. The prices for them have dropped as well. It’s starting to sound like a better and better idea to go 4K over 1080p. With all of the options available, the decision can get overwhelming. Maybe we can help. Here is our 4K vs. 1080p guide.

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TL;DR – 4K vs. 1080p

We have a lot of information, but you may be busy. We’ll summarize our viewpoints below with longer explanations below that. That way you can get the gist before exploring further.

Reasons to go 4K:

It’s where technology is going. New stuff like OLED and HDR are pretty much only on 4K TVs. Additionally, general improvements to color, sharpness, and other underlying features are mostly only on a 4K.

Many video streaming services and cable providers are moving to 4K. Netflix, Hulu, and YouTube already have 4K content available. Additionally, there is talk of cable providers moving to 4K sooner rather than later as well.

Likewise, many game consoles are 4K compatible now. The Xbox One S (and soon, the Xbox One X) and PS4 Pro already have 4K and HDR support. Other hardware, like the Chromecast Ultra, Roku, and UHD Blu-ray players have 4K and HDR support.

The prices are dropping. Don’t get us wrong. The upper echelon of 4K still costs upwards of $20,000 or even more. However, there are now plenty of decent options for less than $1,500. There are even some very acceptable options for below $1,000.

Your living room will be future-proof for a long time. There are whispers of 8K and such, but those are many years away. A 4K TV will remain relevant for a really long time as technology grows into it.

Reasons to stick to 1080p:

There really isn’t anything coming down the pipe for 1080p. The technology is about as good as it’s going to get. That means it’s predictable. Some 4K features, like all the various types of HDR, can be confusing. 1080p is reliable. You know exactly what you’re getting.

They are cheap. Like really cheap. You can get a decent 40-inch TV with Roku for less than $300. That means you can get that as well as a gaming system (or Blu-Ray player, Chromecast, etc) for less than you’d pay for just a somewhat decent 4K TV. There is no shame in that living room set-up.

Many 1080p TVs come with the same smart features as 4K TVs. That includes things like Roku or Googlecast built-in and basic smart TV features like apps. They’re not exactly the same, but you’re not missing out on much in smart TVs by sticking to 1080p.

Most content is 720p or 1080p. That includes most streaming services like Netflix, YouTube, Hulu, and even the second wave like VRV, Google’s Movies Anywhere, and others. Your cable box probably only supports 720p or 1080i. The latest line of online TV providers like YouTube TV, SlingTV, PlayStation Vue, etc also usually stream in 720p. Upscaling that to 4K can be rough.

You are basically up-scaling everything anyway. Like we’ve said a bunch of times, almost everything is in 720p or 1080p. A few older shows on Netflix and DVDs display at 480p. Upscaling that to 4K is a mammoth task for a TV and one that many 4K TVs don’t do well. Upscaling to 1080p is much easier and you’re likely to lose less detail and sharpness upscaling to 1080p vs 4K.

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In favor of 4K vs. 1080p:

Now that we’ve gone over the basic stuff, let’s get more in-depth! 4K TVs are interesting. They’ve only been out a few years and they’re already as diverse as the 1080p TVs they’re replacing. The features are piling up. The panels themselves are getting better. 4K is definitely better than 1080p as long as you get the right one. Let’s explore:

It’s where tech is going!

All of the latest features are going to 4K and there are a lot of them. High dynamic range (HDR) helps bright get brighter, darks get darker, and colors pop better. There are variety types of HDR. HDR seems to be improving every year. Some games, DVDs, and even some streamed movies have HDR. The Xbox One S and PS4 Pro have it. Netflix also supports HDR as well as Dolby Vision. It’s not difficult technology to get a hold of and use if you have the right 4K TV.

OLED is another excellent piece of technology almost exclusive to 4K. OLED is kind of like this generation’s plasma. It offers much deeper blacks and dramatically better viewing angles than LCD. The tech is still very expensive. However, OLED is almost exclusive to 4K TVs. Those looking for the absolute best and most recent screen tech pretty much have to go with a 4K OLED TV.

Of course, there is also the fact that the panels themselves have more pixels. A 4K TV has four times as many pixels as a 1080p TV. That’s why they call it 4K to begin with even though the official resolution is 2160p. Never mind that 1080p TVs are already becoming harder and harder to find in large quantities. Buying old doesn’t give you more options anymore. Most TVs in your local Best Buy are 4K.

4K video is already here.

One of the big drawbacks to 4K TVs a couple of years ago was the lack of content. You could buy these super expensive TVs. However, most stuff ran in 1080p. The TV upscales it to 4K. That drawback doesn’t exist anymore. Netflix, Hulu, and YouTube have a range of 4K videos that you can watch and enjoy.

Admittedly, the selection isn’t overly diverse yet. Netflix streams some of its original content in 4K. YouTube 4K videos are kind of difficult to find. Hulu and Amazon Video are just starting rollouts of their 4K content. However, the big picture is that companies are moving to 4K resolution TV. We’re on the verge of seeing a lot more 4K content.

There is proof of that as well. An op-ed by the FCC chairman Ajit Pai has called for cable providers to embrace 4K. DirecTV is already boasting a small library of 4K content. There are UHD Blu-ray players to enjoy the increasing number of UHD Blu-rays out there. The Chromecast Ultra, some Roku devices, and other hardware can support 4K streaming. We’re not waiting for 4K content anymore. It’s here and the collection of available 4K content is growing every month.

Game consoles can already do it in 4K.

Game consoles have embraced 4K in a big way. Both Sony and Xbox launched second versions of their latest generation consoles to support 4K and HDR. The PS4 Pro and Xbox One S are both capable of native 4K resolutions as well as HDR. November 2017 will see the Xbox One X. That will have even better 4K support.

Those who go the PC route can play in 4K as well. You can build a computer capable of 4K gaming for a much more reasonable price than prior years. Both console and PC have a small, but quickly growing library of 4K-ready video games that you can enjoy. Additionally, both PC and console can stream stuff from Netflix, Hulu, etc at 4K.

Thus, much like video, it makes more sense to buy 4K now than it did before for gamers. It’s not 2015 when all you had was 1080p gaming and you were buying for the future. The future is pretty much here and it should only get better over the next few years.

The prices are dropping.

4K TVs are dropping in price. They used to go for at least $2,000 for even mediocre TVs. These days, you can get a relatively decent 4K with some of the current features for half of that price. There are exceptions. An OLED TV is still pretty expensive. Dolby Vision TVs (and other proprietary HDR technologies) are fairly difficult to find in general, let alone in a lower price range. However, you can get a decent, LCD or FALD 4K panel with HDR10 for around $700-$1,500. The price varies depending on how new it is.

You won’t get the very top of the line at those prices. However, passed that point and you start talking about diminishing returns. OLED is still generally around $2,000 or more, but most OLED TVs have the same features as their LCD and FALD brethren. Dolby Vision and other proprietary HDR tech usually isn’t in that cheaper price range either. However, smart TV features, Googlecast, and other features are available. The quality of the TVs are pretty good as well.

They’re not all great. You can get 4K for cheaper than $800, but you only have a couple of options at that point. It’s not the bargain that 1080p TVs are these days. However, you’re also not spending the same amount of money some people would need as a down payment on a house anymore either.

Future-proof.

We’ve discussed this multiple times already. This is where technology is going. Streaming services and cable services are getting more 4K content. Cable providers are as well. Blu-ray players, video game consoles, and streaming sticks are 4K now. It’s fairly evident that 4K isn’t going to fail massively like 3D TV technology did. 4K is here to stay, companies are making stuff for it, and stores are stocking them like crazy.

It is more expensive than 1080p. That’s for sure. However, you’ll be able to sit in your living room and watch as literally all of media catches up to you. Most companies are committing to HDR and 4K. It’s happening right now. You can be in the front row and enjoy all this new content as it comes out instead of waiting for the future to catch up you.

In favor of 1080p vs 4K

It may seem like we’ve just sung the praises of 4K for like 1,000 words. That’s a fair assessment. However, there are still some palpable advantages to buying 1080p. There are even 1080p TVs that are better than some 4K TVs. Especially when it comes to value and bang for your buck. Let’s explore the advantages.

1080p is predictable.

1080p technology has been around for a long, long time. You know what it is. You know what it does. There aren’t any surprises or mysteries surrounding it. It’s a TV, potentially with some smart features. It has HDMI inputs and some other basic TV features. It’s friendly, it’s familiar, and it’s nothing too crazy.

There’s a reason this is a good thing. HDR isn’t impossible to understand. However, whether or not a 4K TV supports it can be confusing. Some support HDR10. The downside is that TVs also needs the right screen brightness and wide color gamut to make full use of it. Thus, some can process the signal without actually showing you any improvements. Confusing, right? 1080p TVs don’t have that problem.

It may be worth it to wait on 4K to stabilize a little bit over the next couple of years. Eventually, standardization will set in to some extent. That should make shopping for a 4K TV much easier for people like us. Until then, 1080p is cheap enough that you can get by with it until 4K gets easier to understand.

They are even cheaper.

1080p TVs have been dropping in price for years. The proliferation of 4K has substantially hastened that drop. Most high end 1080p TVs are $500-$800 these days. You can find them for under $400 in some circumstances. On a good sale day, you can get them for under $250. That’s a great deal for a centerpiece for a living room.

On the right day, you can get a 1080p TV, a streaming stick like Chromecast, and a video game console for the price of a single decent 4K TV with room to spare. That’s a respectable living room set up. The relatively upper tier of 4K runs $2,000 or more depending on where you buy. Imagine what you could do with that kind of money if you just bought a $500 1080p TV instead. That’s like 1,500 tacos from Taco Bell or just fewer than three tacos a day for a solid year.

4K can be a great bargain for the right buyer. However, 1080p very clearly wins the best bang for your buck. It’s not even close, really. DVDs are cheaper; 1080p Netflix is cheaper, and even the Internet connection required to stream 1080p videos is cheaper. 4K is no slouch and many current home Internet connections simply can’t do it without an upgrade.

You’re not missing out on that much.

We’ve discussed some of the 4K specific features above. However, aside from OLED, HDR, and the higher resolution, you’re really not missing much. 4K doesn’t have the exclusivity of things like smart TV features or HDMI ports or even USB slots for flash drives. These are all features you can find on 1080p TVs as well.

In some cases, people may even prefer not having any smart features at all. That’s one less account to sign into, one less device connected to your router, and one less hassle for those who aren’t so tech savvy. In that case, the lack of features is a positive thing. Not everyone wants a billion devices connected to a router with accounts to remember. A 1080p TV, your smartphone, and a Chromecast puts all of the Internet’s content on your TV and it’s wicked simple to use.

It’s not just that stuff, either. There are 1080p TVs with Roku and Googlecast. Apple TV’s 4K support isn’t great. A few manufacturers like Sony may even bring HDR to their 1080p TVs. When you subtract OLED, HDR, and 4K in general, there really isn’t anything that 4K has that 1080p does not.

1080p isn’t as outdated as you’d think.

I know, we totally listed this as a good thing under the 4K section, but hear us out. There is some 4K content out there. A lot of companies are releasing more 4K content every month. On the other side of that coin, there still isn’t that much out there. That can present a problem.

Those looking for a bunch of stuff to watch simply won’t find it. Additionally, if you don’t like Netflix original series, YouTube, or Hulu, you’re out of luck. Getting UHD movies requires either a compatible streaming service or a UHD Blu-ray player. 4K is an investment and it’s not just the TV. There are plenty of other things you’ll have to have to watch it.

It’s a matter of perspective and mindset. Some people want to future proof their living rooms, have the money to do it, and don’t mind the small amount of content right now. However, a lot of people just want something that works well right now. All of the major streaming services stream in 1080p by default. All major cable providers do either 1080i or 720p. Even if game consoles support 4K, most games don’t. A 1080p TV is not nearly as outdated as one might think.

You’re basically up-scaling everything you watch anyway.

Perhaps the biggest problem with 4K is upscaling. Upscaling means taking something of a lower resolution (like 480p DVD) and stretching it out to fit on higher resolution display. All 4K TVs upscale, obviously. However, not all of them do it very well. Poorly upscaled content can look grainy and soft with jagged edge and loss of detail. Even older standard definition can look just plain bad no matter what 4K TV you buy.

There are some 4K manufacturers that do it well. Samsung and Sony upscale better than most. Budget 4K TVs typically don’t upscale very well at all. Thus, if you simply can’t afford a TV in the sweet spot range (between $700 and $2000), you’re probably not going to have a great experience with older stuff. Many pre-HD era shows on Netflix (like early episodes of Burn Notice or NCIS) stream in 480p. All cable TV is 720p. Even budget TVs can do 720p fairly well most of the time. However, pretty much any pre-HD era stuff (DVDs, older TV shows) are going to be hit-and-miss.

This isn’t a problem on 1080p TVs. Those TVs still upscale. However, the upscaling isn’t nearly as dramatic. Going from 480p to 1080p isn’t nearly the same jump as going from 480p to 2160p(4K). Thus, DVDs will look sharper with better detail and less grain. Cable TV is only scaling up one notch and won’t lose hardly any of its sharpness. Those who watch a lot of cable TV and either own a lot of DVDs or watch a lot of old shows on Netflix may have a better experience on 1080p than 4K at a cheaper price. That is, unless you buy a 4K TV that upscales very well.

4K vs. 1080p: Final Decision

So, which one should you buy? We can’t tell you because we don’t know your situation. We’re hoping that by reading the information above, it helps you come to a decision. Your mindset and the depth of your wallet are everything in a decision like this. There are legitimate pros and cons either way.

However, being in the middle of the road is lame. Those who have at least $700 to spend should definitely go 4K. With that kind of money, the reasons to do so outweigh the reasons not to. 4K TVs like the Vizio 2017 M-Series or the TCL P605/607 have things like FALD, wide color gamut, Dolby Vision, HDMI 2.0, and HDR10. Both of those TVs go for right around $599-$799. If you absolutely need a TV right now and you don’t have enough for at least one of those two TVs, then you’re better off going with a cheaper 1080p panel now and saving for a better 4K TV later.

Established in 2000, the Soukacatv.com main products are modulators both in analog and digital ones, amplifier and combiner. We are the very first one in manufacturing the headend system in China. Our 16 in 1 and 24 in 1 now are the most popular products all over the world.

For more, please access to https://www.soukacatv.com.

CONTACT US

Dingshengwei Electronics Co., Ltd

Company Address: Building A, the first industry park of Guanlong, Xili Town, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Phone: [phone]

Email:[email protected]

Skype: soukaken

Source: https://dgit.com/4k-vs-1080p-46720/