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PUT YOUR BEARD IN MY MOUTH
No title available

Janaina Medeiros
No title available
đȘŒ
will byers stan first human second
I'd rather be in outer space đž
i don't do bad sauce passes

â
taylor price
No title available
Lint Roller? I Barely Know Her
Cosimo Galluzzi

oozey mess
trying on a metaphor
Sweet Seals For You, Always
NASA
seen from United States
seen from TĂŒrkiye
seen from Germany

seen from United States

seen from United States

seen from Germany

seen from United States

seen from Singapore
seen from Germany
seen from Brazil
seen from Germany

seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from TĂŒrkiye

seen from United States
seen from China
seen from United States

seen from Singapore

seen from Malaysia
@stargirl404
*does the anime character with glasses thing*
Does that really work though?
What�
thatâs so cool i wanna do it too!!!!!!
ok here goes
NO
Okay, thereâs no way that works.
Let me try this out.
Iâm kinda skeptical about this? Can it really make you anime.
Guss iâll give it a shot
ABORT ABORT
yeah right, like that really happens
hmmmâŠ.
maybe I should try-
HOLY SHIT
WHAT THE FUÂ
No way this canât be real
Hmm
Meh letâs try it
Ok one more small push and-
GâDAY !!!
WTF⊠tumblr I donât know what magic you haveâŠ
But Iâm not complaining *dosent work* SHIT!!!
Forever a classic
Indeed, this should never die.
@hellsite-hall-of-fame
fucks me up that by total coincidence the sun and moon's size difference is exactly matched to their difference in distance from us, thus making our beautiful total solar eclipses where you can see the silver threads of the sun's corona possible because the moon just covers the sun completely
The stars (literally) aligned just right for this experience to be possible. It's likely that aliens don't have this
The moon is also absolutely gargantuan by moon standards. It isn't the largest moon in the solar system, but it is BY FAR the largest in comparison with its planet. Ganymede is the largest satellite of Jupiter and the largest moon in the solar system. Its diameter is only about 3.8% of Jupiter's. Titan's radius is 4.4% of Saturn's. Callisto and Io are the next largest in the neighborhood, with 3.4% and 2.6% the diameter of Jupiter respectively.
Our moon is number 5. It is smaller in direct comparison to the above moons. The diameter of the moon is 3475 km. That is a full 27% of the diameter of the Earth. More than a quarter. That's ridiculous. It's unheard of. The universe is large enough that the word unique probably doesn't mean a lot, but this might be about as close as you get.
This has had a huge impact on our planet. Other things aliens might not have are significant tides. One of Mars's dumpy little potatoes wouldn't be able to move oceans the way our moon does.
Our moon has also stabilized our axis to a massive degree. Without her up there our axis would wobble all over the place and our climate would be far more chaotic. Aliens might not be quite so lucky.
I guess what I am really trying to say is that the moon is extremely cool. I like the moon.
Just want to add that the reason we have such a large moon is because a whole planet crashed into proto-Earth. Theia (the planet) and Earth got so superheated by this collision that their component cores fused and the impact jettisoned a lot of material into space. That massive amount of jettisoned material became our moon. So Earth and the moon have very similar composition. This does not seem to be a common method of lunar formation.
what if the answer to the fermi paradox is that life cant exist without a moon like luna
I got a serious beef with the Fermi paradox. There is no Fermi paradox. There stopped being a Fermi paradox once the first radio telescopes went up, and we began to get a true sense of the sheer scale of the universe.
Space is big, empty, and loud. Sunspots can cause enough interference to affect global communications. Weâre not even loud enough to talk over our own sun. On our own planet. We can barely communicate with Voyager, and we know exactly where it is and what its signal sounds like.
The Fermi paradox is like doubting the existence of Belfast, because you stood on a windy New York beach shouting towards it and didnât get an answer.
i didn't realise we were drowned out by our own sun :(
She is screaming so loud
âchuffed doesnt mean what you think it meansâ
it means exactly what i think it means its just some stupid word that literally has two definitions that mean the opposite thing
what the hell
This makes me really chuffed
This post is quite egregious
Well Iâm nonplussed by this whole post.
goddamnit.
all of you go to hell
And you wonder why i am boggled at times
These are called contronyms! A word that is its own opposite.
Why the fuck do these exist
One theory is that the sarcastic use of the word became exceedingly prevalent and because another dictionary definition.Â
Are you telling me that we were such sarcastic shits it literally changed our language.
@hellsite-hall-of-fame
100 Dialogue Tags You Can Use Instead of âSaidâ
For the writers struggling to rid themselves of the classic âsaidâ. Some are repeated in different categories since they fit multiple ones (but those are counted once so it adds up to 100 new words).Â
1. Neutral TagsÂ
Straightforward and unobtrusive dialogue tags:Â
Added, Replied, Stated, Remarked, Responded, Observed, Acknowledged, Commented, Noted, Voiced, Expressed, Shared, Answered, Mentioned, Declared.
2. Questioning TagsÂ
Curious, interrogative dialogue tags:
Asked, Queried, Wondered, Probed, Inquired, Requested, Pondered, Demanded, Challenged, Interjected, Investigated, Countered, Snapped, Pleaded, Insisted.
3. Emotive TagsÂ
Emotional dialogue tags:
Exclaimed, Shouted, Sobbed, Whispered, Cried, Hissed, Gasped, Laughed, Screamed, Stammered, Wailed, Murmured, Snarled, Choked, Barked.
4. Descriptive TagsÂ
Insightful, tonal dialogue tags:Â
Muttered, Mumbled, Yelled, Uttered, Roared, Bellowed, Drawled, Spoke, Shrieked, Boomed, Snapped, Groaned, Rasped, Purred, Croaked.
5. Action-Oriented TagsÂ
Movement-based dialogue tags:Â
Announced, Admitted, Interrupted, Joked, Suggested, Offered, Explained, Repeated, Advised, Warned, Agreed, Confirmed, Ordered, Reassured, Stated.
6. Conflict TagsÂ
Argumentative, defiant dialogue tags:
Argued, Snapped, Retorted, Rebuked, Disputed, Objected, Contested, Barked, Protested, Countered, Growled, Scoffed, Sneered, Challenged, Huffed.
7. Agreement TagsÂ
Understanding, compliant dialogue tags:Â
Agreed, Assented, Nodded, Confirmed, Replied, Conceded, Acknowledged, Accepted, Affirmed, Yielded, Supported, Echoed, Consented, Promised, Concurred.
8. Disagreement TagsÂ
Resistant, defiant dialogue tags:Â
Denied, Disagreed, Refused, Argued, Contradicted, Insisted, Protested, Objected, Rejected, Declined, Countered, Challenged, Snubbed, Dismissed, Rebuked.
9. Confused TagsÂ
Hesitant, uncertain dialogue tags:
Stammered, Hesitated, Fumbled, Babbled, Mumbled, Faltered, Stumbled, Wondered, Pondered, Stuttered, Blurted, Doubted, Confessed, Vacillated.
10. Surprise Tags
Shock-inducing dialogue tags:
Gasped, Stunned, Exclaimed, Blurted, Wondered, Staggered, Marvelled, Breathed, Recoiled, Jumped, Yelped, Shrieked, Stammered.
Note: everyone is entitled to their own opinion. No I am NOT telling people to abandon said and use these. Yes I understand that said is often good enough, but sometimes you WANT to draw attention to how the character is speaking. If you think adding an action/movement to your dialogue is 'good enough' hate to break it to you but that ruins immersion much more than a casual 'mumbled'. And for the last time: this is just a resource list, CALM DOWN. Hope that covers all the annoyingly redundant replies :)
Looking For More Writing Tips And Tricks?Â
Check out the rest of Quillology with Haya; a blog dedicated to writing and publishing tips for authors!
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Watching the âyou will excel at what you measureâ trap devour basic moral practice in real time is fascinating in a terrible kind of way
If you spend any significant amount of time studying any social science or people-related policy, youâll quickly run into the old adage âyou will excel at what you measureâ. This adage is a warning.
In order to mark progress in any area, we need a way to measure it. So we develop systems to measure complex social systems and behave accordingly. If you want to measure how effectively children are being educated, you can, for example, decide on what they should know by a given age, test them on that knowledge, and grade them in accordance to how well they do on the tests. A higher grade means a more successful student, a better teacher, a better school. Then you can tinker with what youâre testing as necessary, and with teaching methods and soforth to see how it affects scores on the tests.
Except, if you do this, then youâve defined successful education as the ability to get high grades. You invite cheating (on the student, teacher and even school level), you invite teaching to the test rather than for general comprehension and ability, you invite boiling down the experience of education to test scores. And, of course, you invite massively increasing the inaccuracies caused by some people simply being better at taking tests than others. Someone with low to moderate comprehension whoâs good at tests might get a higher grade than someone who understands the material but has anxiety or is unable to properly intuit the meaning of vague test questions. Grades can go up and up and up, while education consistency and quality falls.
This is, as anyone whoâs worked in a school or sends their children to school knows, a known problem. âGrading systems cause huge problems in educationâ is NOT by any means a revolutionary and controversial statement. Over time, grading systems have been changed to favour testing comprehension and skill demonstrations, Individual Learning Plans and testing accommodations have become very popular to give a more accurate idea of peopleâs abilities, and soforth. A good half of my teaching degree was about compensating for the problems in this system. But you canât patch up all the holes, and the pressure from people taking letter grades way too seriously â parents, school boards, funding systems, those looking to hire teachers â are always going to cause problems, make teaching to the test a matter of survival. We measure grades, so that is what we excel at.
The same problem exists in economics. Most countries measure their health via Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is basically a measure of how much money is swilling around in there and itâs an AWFUL yardstick. A country full of sick, desperate people going into massive medical debt has a higher GDP than an identical country not facing a health crisis, for instance. But it is the dominant model, so itâs what investors look at, itâs what other countries look at, itâs what voters look at. Itâs what you must excel at, to be considered to have a âgoodâ economy. Other models exist, and are often proposed as a better alternative, but if one of those were dominant, new problems would exist â weâd excel at what they measure, and drop in what the GDP measures, and cause new economic issues. If you boil a system down to measurements, you will excel at making those measurements go up.
You should never, ever let yourself fall into the trap of believing that they tell you anything useful about how the system is doing.
Morality and justice are social technology. Theyâre a bunch of rules and instincts that both evolution and cultural education have given us to allow us to operate in societies. Theyâre integral to societies in the same way that math is; you need math complex enough to measure the grain, you need morality complex enough to measure the social harmony. People pretend theyâre more than that, but they arenât. âGoodâ and âbadâ are concepts as real as âmillionaireâ and âstraight-A studentâ, and nothing more.
In the vast, vast majority of societies out there, the end goal is essentially the same â to minimise harm to the populace. They want everyone to have as much safety and comfort as possible. Most disagreements are about the relative value of different individuals (is one race, religion or culture more important than another? Is one sex more important than another? Is a king more important than a slave?), or about methodology (is it better for everyone to have to follow strict social norms, or for everyone to be free to express themselves how they choose; which creates more safety and harmony? What social norms are best? How much control should one have over oneâs property, or oneâs animals, or oneâs children? When somebody transgresses, what is the appropriate system for judging and metering out discipline? What is the appropriate sort of discipline?). People disagree radically on both relative individual value and on methodology, but the general goal is the same. Morality and justice are social technology, tools to be used. Law and social consequence is how their power is enacted.
People often forget this. And that is very, very dangerous.
People will decide on what is âgoodâ and âbadâ behaviour, isolate it from the system, and proceed to excel at what they measure. Theyâll decide that âgood peopleâ use certain language and have certain values and âbad peopleâ use other language and do bad things, theyâll look at harmful power dynamics and decide that the world is full of âoppressorsâ (can be ignored) and âoppressedâ (must be supported), âabusersâ (should be mocked and attacked) and âabusedâ (should be believed and coddled), and stumble blindly forward like my robovac with a dirty sensor bumping into every wall in their way. Theyâll see a complex social situation and instead of going âwhatâs the best way to reduce harm?â, immediately try to decide who involved is more oppressed and get their answer from that. Theyâll see people use language they donât like and decide that person must have nothing of value to add to a conversation, because theyâre a bad person.
Today, I saw someone muse that the fact that American football causes huge amounts of brain damage that compounds over many years might contribute to why USA footballers seem to keep doing random unhinged things. Somebody else immediately attacked them because rape and domestic abuse is common among footballers (footballers being the attackers), so by suggesting a physical reason for unstable behaviour, this person was making excuses for rape. You might notice that this response has absolutely nothing to do with protecting people from rape or domestic abuse, and absolutely everything to do with making sure nobody might accidentally sympathise with a âbad personâ by suggesting that brain changes change behaviour. A focus on minimising harm would want to explore this, because removing risk factors for causing rapists means less rapists. Less rape is the goal. âRape is evilâ is the tool used to achieve it. But this person got distracted by the tool of measurement, making sure that the buck stops there.
Yesterday, I saw a post about police violence, pointing out âpolice shouldnât kill guilty people eitherâ. This was a response to how people often protest police killing innocent people, which is definitely bad, but the point is that the police shouldnât be killing anyone outside of strict self defense. The justice system is what meters out punishment, not the personal discretion of a state-sponsored gang with too many combat toys. The role of the police to to prevent violence and capture wrongdoers, not deal out extrajudicial executions. Iâm sure I donât have to explain in detail why this is so fucking important, but one set of tags on the posts made the distinction âexcept for pedophiles and rapistsâ. I have never seen anybody miss the point of a post so badly. Clearly, this person had once again gotten distracted by the system of measurement â pedophiles and rapists are evil people who do evil things, therefore they should be eliminated as expediently as possible â without considering the effect on the system. No, police randomly shooting rapists does not make a better society. If you support the death penalty for rape, thatâs a whole arse different question.
These kneejerk reactions donât just happen with pedophiles and rapists (although they are very effective for it, which is why dangerous and unsavoury elements like to call the groups they hate pedophiles). Iâve also seen people get upset at historical demonstrations of queer unity and support because the people in them called each other words they donât like and get all distracted by minutae on whoâs âallowedâ to âreclaimâ what words, preferring to condemn gay men calling lesbians âmuffdiversâ despite the massive personal risk and great benefit of the demonstration. Iâve seen people quibble over what groups of disabled people experience more ableism than others, and which queer subcommunities are more oppressed, in order to determine who the good guy in a complex situation is or who deserves their support more. Iâve seen people slip all the minorities they belong to into an argument like theyâre laying out the cards to summon Exodia (because most oppressed person is most deserving of support person and therefore most correct person), Iâve seen people distract from arguments theyâre having in order to try to trap the other person into saying something that can be interpreted as sexist or racist so they can show that their opponent is the Bad Person (and therefore theyâre the good person and therefore correct in the argument), Iâve seen people look at two people with conflicting needs (such as an autistic person who verbally stims and one who reacts badly to too much sound) and stop to decide which one is oppressing the other one to determine which one is being ableist.
This is all fucking bullshit. Itâs meaningless nonsense. The only reason any of this matters is in how it relates to causing actual real world harm. Iâd rather be called a tranny bitch by someone who votes in support of my healthcare than the most polite and up-to-date language by someone who votes against it. Iâd rather know about risk factors that make someone more likely to be an abuser or rapist than shy away from such things because I donât want to risk thinking of them as anything other than an Unknowable Evil. I donât fucking care what Problematic âą views someone holds about a cartoon and I donât care whoâs the Most Pure or the Most Oppressed or who used to say slurs online when they were fifteen if theyâre behaving appropriately now. None of that fucking matters, and itâs not justification for harassing or hurting people.
Your sense of justice and morality are social tools. Sharpen them, clean them, look after them. And use them to build with purpose, rather than blindly hacking at whateverâs in front of you. Or youâll just make a mess.
a few great films that are free on the internet archive
in decent quality too!
here is the archive collection of these films so you can favorite on there/save if desired.
links below
black girl (1966) dir. ousmane sembene
the battle of algiers (1966) dir. gillo pontecorvo
paris, texas (1984) dir. wim wenders
desert hearts (1985) dir. donna deitch
harold and maude (1973) dir. hal ashby
los olvidados (1952) dir. luis bunuel
walkabout (1971) dir. nicolas roeg
rope (1948) dir alfred hitchcock
freaks (1932) dir. tod browning
frankenstein (1931) dir. james whale
sunset boulevard (1950) dir billy wilder
fantastic planet (1973) dir. rené laloux
jeanne dielman (1975) dir. chantal akerman
the color of pomegranates (1969) dir. sergei parajanov
all about eve (1950) dir. joseph l. mankiewicz
gilda (1946) dir. charles vidor
the night of the hunter (1950) dir. charles laughton
the invisible man (1931) dir. james whale
COLLECTION of georges méliÚs shorts
rebecca (1940) dir. alfred hitchcock
brief encounter (1946) dir. david lean
to be or not to be (1942) dir. ernst lubitsch
a place in the sun (1951) dir george stevens
eyes without a face (1960) dir. georges franju
double indeminity (1944) dir. billy wilder
wild strawberries (1957) dir. ingmar bergman
shame (1968) dir. ingmar bergman
through a glass darkly (1961) dir. ingmar bergman
persona (1961) dir. ingmar bergman
winter light (1963) dir. ingmar bergman
the ascent (1977) dir. larisa shepitko
the devil, probably (1977) dir. robert bresson
cleo from 5 to 7 (1962) dir. agnes varda
alien (1979) dir. ridley scott + its sequels
after hours (1985) dir. martin scorsese
halloween (1978) dir. john carpenter
the watermelon woman (1996) dir. cheryl dune
EDIT: part two here + the letterboxd list
edit: part three here
the beauty of life
- // @fairycosmos // ? // - // @cassidyshotchocolate // - // - // elsie de wolfe// @podencos // afternoon on a hill, edna st. vincent millay// rien ne va plus, margarita karapanou, tr. by karen emmerich// - // - // @ annalauraart on instagram// culpable, joy sullivan// - // @ jordanklancaster on instagram// @ niall.breen.comics on instagram// agatha christie// @plasticlove1984 //sweeter than fiction, taylor swift// the summer day, mary oliver
(OC / OC Ship) Maya Lethe/Pierce Soraya - Daughters of Mnemosyne and Krios, Callous Researcher and Devoted Assistant, Burdened by the Ever-Fresh Trauma of Flawless Memory
divorcefemme / mitski / leah horlick / boygenius / anaĂŻs nin / heather havrilesky / leanna firestone / akhira / franz kafka / julien baker
@ryebreadgf / The Truth About Grief, Fortesa Latifi / bone deep, m.v.e / Sidewalk, Richard Silken / @fridayiminlovemp3 / 60 hours, m.v.e / @itsblackleader / Salt, Nayyirah Waheed / @heavensghost
Imagine that one day as you're walking on a hot sunny path, your hat jumps off your head and lands into a muddy ditch. And you look at your muddy hat and ask it: "What did you do that for?"
"I don't want to be a burden anymore", your hat answers. "You are always carrying me around, and I can't carry you. That's not fair."
"I don't mind carrying you, little idiot", you tell your hat, "you hardly weight anything at all, and you shelter me from the sun."
"But that's different", your hat protests. "I don't mind the sun scorching on me. That happens anyway. It's literally no trouble for me to shade you too."
"Just the same it's no trouble for me to carry you. But now, because you wanted to stop inconveniencing and bothering me, I am now hatless and you are in the dirt."
hello Aesop; how's the underworld been?
Every day I wake up and Hades kicks me in the nuts.
Furigana & Okurigana
As you progress with your Japanese studies, you will see two very important kinds of Hiragana. They are called furigana and okurigana. In this post letâs take a look at each of them and how they both help Japanese learners and natives read Kanji!
But first, let me introduce a chart for the vocabulary that youâll see in this post. Each word is written in Kanji and then in Hiragana, with its part of speech and meaning.
1) Furigana
Furigana, also known as ăăżăăȘ or ruby, are the Hiragana characters either on top or to the side of Kanji characters.
As you can see, if the writing is horizontal, the furigana will be on top and if the writing is vertical, it will be on the right side. Either way, furigana tell you how to pronounce the Kanji characters.
There may be anywhere from 1 to 5 Hiragana characters represented by a single Kanji character!
We Japanese learners need furigana when we start studying Kanji and reading Japanese text. But Japanese children also need furigana when they are learning Kanji and even Katakana. Here you can see furigana used to learn Katakana characters.
Whether or not you see furigana depends on a few different factors:
the intended readers
the rarity of the Kanji
Generally, you wonât see many examples of furigana. However, if you pick up a book/novel intended for elementary-aged children, you might see lots of furigana. This is because (like us!) they either havenât learned the Kanjiâs readings or the writer intended the Kanji to be read in a certain way.
Some websites, books, IG posts, Youtube videos, etc that are intended for non-Japanese readers will also have a fair amount of furigana. Granted, it is helpful at first, but itâs a good idea to wane yourself off of furigana as you get better (or if you WANT to get better). The more you see a Kanji character, the more likely you are to remember its reading.
Gikun
Sometimes furigana doesnât actually tell you the reading of the Kanji. Instead itâs used to add details or add shades of nuance, as in the examples below:
In these cases we call the furigana gikun, which loosely translates to âa false readingâ.
On the left, the Kanji reads ăăŒă, which means âdesire or wishâ but the furigana reads ăČăă, which means âlightâ. This conveys to the reader that light is a metaphor for hope in whatever setting you are seeing that Kanji.Â
On the right, the Kanji reads ăĄăă ă, which means âEarthâ but the furigana reads ă”ăăăš which means âhome townâ or âwhere someone is fromâ. This tells the reader that someone is an Earthling â as compared to a Martian or an alien from another planet.
This is a more-advanced way that furigana is used, so you wonât see it unless you are reading manga or novels aimed for native speakers.
First the Word, Then the Kanji (Ateji & Jukujikun)
On the day that I arrived in Japan, they asked me for my name in Katakana at the airport. I hadnât really thought about it so they wrote my name how it sounds to the Japanese ear.
A few days later, I was thinking about this, and it occurred to me that in the same way that they just âassigned meâ katakana, I could also give myself Kanji for my name! My name is Albert but I took my nickname Al and âHiraganizedâ it, getting ăă. At this point I needed 1 or 2 Kanji that sounded out ăă. I eventually decided on äșç. Iâll come back to this a bit later.
äșç is what is called ateji. I started with a word and âworked backwardsâ to end up with Kanji, based on their readings. Another example of ateji is the Japanese word for The United States. Written with Hiragana itâs ăăăă, but written with Kanji it becomes:
äș read as ă 米 read as ă ć© read as ă ć read as ă
Keep in mind that these Kanji have nothing to do with the meaning of âAmericaâ or âThe U.S.â (whatever that is lol). They were only chosen based on the way you read each Kanji. This is the idea of ateji.
A similar concept is Jukujikun. The word ăăăŁăŠ means âthe day after tomorrowâ. When it came time to assign Kanji to this word, the following 3 were chosen:
æ meaning âtomorrowâ ćŸ meaning âafterâ æ„ meaning âdayâ
You can reasonably see how this combination of Kanji can come to mean âthe day after tomorrowâ. The thing is, the actual way you read those Kanji are nowhere close to ăăăŁăŠïŒThey were chosen because of their meanings and not their readings. Itâs almost the reverse of ateji. 2 more examples are:
仿„ is read as ăăă but ä» is not ăă and æ„ is not ă
äžæ is read as ăžă but äž is not ăž and æ is not ă
When it comes to jukujikun, because the furigana canât be separated between the characters, it will appear either in the middle of the characters or stretched across them.
As for my Kanji, because the characters sound out ăă, äșç is ateji. However, I also chose 2 Kanji with meanings that I liked. äș means âAsiaâ and ç means âgemâ so I chose my name to mean âgem of Asiaâ.
2) Okurigana
Now, letâs talk about okurigana. It is similar to furigana, except that it only appears next to Kanji. Okurigana is thought of as âhanging off ofâ Kanji characters.
The okurigana tells you how you should read the éŁ Kanji. In this particular example, both words mean âto eatâ so mixing them up is not the end of the world (depending on who you are talking with!). Other times, however, the meanings will be drastically different so okurigana is a vital part of Japanese.
Adjectives and Verbs
Most of the time, youâll find okurigana with adjective and verb forms. This is because they have a core part (called the stem) that will not change, and an ending that changes to add different shades of nuance to the core meaning. Think of the difference between âkickâ, âkicksâ, and âkickedâ in English.
Notice that sometimes the adjective or verb stem doesnât overlap with the okurigana (Type 1). Other times, part of the stem is included in the okurigana (Type 2). The main thing to remember is, the okurigana is the Hiragana after the Kanji.
Another time you will see okurigana is with compound verbs. This is where two verbs are combined into one. In these cases, there will be okurigana both between and after Kanji characters. Examples are:
æăćșă, which means âto rememberâ éŁăčæźă, which means âto leave food half-eatenâ
Nouns
Most of the time, nouns are made up of only Kanji. However, there are some occasions where they will have okurigana. Most times, they will end in a character from the ă VSG.
This is because they actually come from verbs! Here are some examples:
ćă (from ćă) ć„œă (from ć„œă) ăŒăŒăŒăŒăŒăŒăŒăŒăŒăŒ äčăć Ž (from äčă) ç«ăĄéŁČăż (from both ç«ă€ and éŁČă)
Other times, they arenât derived from verbs, they are just simply nouns:
ćąă, which means âforce, powerâ ćŸă, which means âbehind, rearâ ć šăŠ, which means âall, everythingâ æ ă, which means âpity, sympathyâ æă, which means âdiagonal, slantedâ
Same Kanji, Different Okurigana
The function of okurigana is to point you in the right direction of how to pronounce a given Kanji. There would be no reason for this if each Kanji had only 1 possible reading. As it turns out, a single Kanji can have many different ways to say it. Here are some examples:
As you can see, depending on the okurigana, æ± can be read as ăăăȘ or as ăă. On the other hand, the Kanji ćș is read as ăČă in all 5 of those words! For this reason, I would recommend learning Kanji like ćș early in your studies.  It will be much easier for you to remember a Kanji with only 1 or 2 readings than a Kanji with many different readings.
Same Kanji, Same Okurigana
Itâs rare, but there are times when the okurigana unfortunately wonât tell you decisively how to pronounce the Kanji. Here is an example:
As you can see (with the help of the furigana!) BOTH the Kanji and the okurigana are the same, making them different words but homographs. If it werenât for the furigana, you might not know which reading of the kanji to use. In this situation, they both mean âto openâ but the way and the kind of opening is different. Japanese often separates very similar meanings by using different Kanji. In English, we just take it for granted that you can open your eyes and you can also open a door. In Japanese, they are two different kinds of actions, and so different Kanji are used. (It wonât matter when you speak, but when you write or type, it would be good to be aware of the difference.) In these kinds of cases, you will have to rely on either context or on furigana to know which reading is correct.
Conclusion
As you can see, both furigana and okurigana will help you when it comes to reading Kanji. Sometimes you will have both, other times there will only be okurigana. Later on in the Kanji section, we will take a look at other ways to help you guess a Kanjiâs reading. Until then, good luck with your Japanese journey!
And with that, you are finished with the Hiragana section. Congrats!
Rice & Peace,
â äșç (ăąă«)
đđŸ
*through gritted teeth* the world is GOOD. people are kind. Humans are NOT inherently selfish. you will make it through this year. recovery is possible. people you don't know yet will love you. You are going to do things you can't even imagine right now. You are going to read a rlly good book. You are going to eat some rlly good food. You are going to experience joy again. Things can get better. Situations can change. You can choose to be kinder. The world can change for the better.
Alright kids say it with me
My thoughts donât make me a bad person
My feelings donât make me a bad person
My thoughts, feelings, and impulses only exist inside my head, and none of it matters unless I act on it
Nobody can see my thoughts or emotions
The only things anyone can see and judge me on are my actions
Thereâs no such thing as a thought crime
thank u
Girls who love their nose buried in a book