Hi Mod! Reblogging to explain my recommendations (with images) since I actually have worked through a lot of solutions for this type of problem as a singer/VA over the years.
Are you referring to "Sound Treatment", rather than Soundproofing?(Unless you deal with tons of external noise where you live, in that case I apologize if I misconstrued your post)
Soundproofing is the structural alteration that you add to your walls to give it the "soundproof" quality. (basically, blocks outer noise from coming in) It's a construction-level process done by using insulation (like foam), acoustic caulking, drywall, and more.
Sound Treatment is adding alterations to your interior walls (such as acoustic foam panels, that's usually the most common approach) in the space that you record in to absorb acoustic reflections caused by your voice (or instruments you play), and reduce room reverb. You can mount them easily using the double sided command strip tape and it shouldn't cause major issues to your walls.
If you can't do that, I have a few other answers;
For relatively affordable, compact, space saving solutions, or situations where you cannot put anything on the walls;
Mic Shield:
I have used a microphone shield in the past - they do a pretty good job absorbing immediate reflections, and there's smaller shield sizes you can look into too.
Mic Isolation Ball:
I was testing out a mic isolation ball foam cover that worked quite well in a pinch, too. This particular model comes with a pop filter included. (Usually, pop filters are separate, but also usually an important accompaniment to your recording set up)
Mic Foam Box:
You can also buy (or build your own) foam box, which is also a popular solution for many VAs.
If possible I also recommend investing in a shock mount if you already don't have one.
This will help protect against further noise disruptions that potentially come from any physical bumps/knocks against the mic during recording, as well as audio interference. (the mount's design keeps your mic suspended/ floating away from other physical equipment).
In a pinch, covering yourself with a blanket does very well with the purpose of absorbing sound, but I highly recommend against it for longer recordings for obvious reasons (losing oxygen, overheating), and breathing / being comfortable is crucial to voice acting well.
When it comes to recording software, Audacity does its job fine as a barebones program and I still use it if I need to record a quick clip of something. You can fine tune what it's capable of with diving into better settings research or plugins.
If its a concern of needing to do more, REAPER is well featured as a fully functional DAW (digital audio workstation) while being accessible (free/long trial), and of course recording in it is a breeze too - I highly recommend that program.
Adobe Audition is handy to have if you need to enhance and edit the sound recordings more directly.
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