#(hfc)

[cassidysbestfriend]

[rensbestfriend]

[frankenstein-ate-my-left-shoe]

EVERYONE STOP AND LOOK AT THE D&D STAMPS USPS IS RELEASING FOR THE 50th ANNIVERSARY!!!

you can pre-order them here; they are releasing August 1st!

[vanduck]

The Sillys

[reasonsforhope]

The global treaty to save the ozone layer has also slowed Arctic ice melt

That's because chemicals banned under the 1987 Montreal Protocol are also potent greenhouse gases.

The 1987 Montreal Protocol, which phased out the production and use of chemicals that were depleting the ozone layer, has long been considered one of the most successful environmental treaties in history. New research finds that the global pact achieved another unforeseen benefit: delaying the melting of Arctic sea ice.

In a study published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers from the University of Exeter and Columbia University found that the implementation of the Montreal Protocol is delaying the first ice-free Arctic summer by up to 15 years. That’s because the chemicals banned under the agreement are also potent greenhouse gases.

“Our results show that the climate benefits from the Montreal Protocol are not in some faraway future: the protocol is delaying the melting of Arctic sea ice at this very moment,” Lorenzo Polvani, one of the study’s authors, said in a press release. 

The study authors ran a series of climate models based on two different scenarios: one that included levels of ozone-depleting substances that would be expected if the Montreal Protocol never existed, and another accounting for the global treaty. The researchers concluded that the protocol is postponing the first ice-free Arctic summer by a decade or more, and entirely due to the phasedown of ozone-depleting chemicals. 

The Montreal Protocol was created to address a hole in the stratospheric ozone layer over the Antarctic. The ozone layer protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation that causes skin cancer and cataracts in humans. The treaty phased out almost 100 chemicals — including aerosols used in hair spray and other products, refrigerants, and solvents — that were found to be responsible for destroying stratospheric ozone.

Those banned chemicals, collectively called ozone-depleting substances, or ODS, are also potent greenhouse gases, with up to tens of thousands times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide. The report authors estimate that 1 metric ton of avoided ODS emissions leads to 7,000 square meters (more than 75,000 square feet) of avoided Arctic sea loss. By way of comparison, 1 metric ton of carbon dioxide emissions results in about 3 square meters (about 32 square feet) of sea ice loss. 

Given the potency of ODSs as a greenhouse gas, the authors are not surprised at this outsize impact on Arctic sea ice levels. “Nonetheless, such a large mitigating impact of the Montreal Protocol on Arctic sea ice loss is remarkable if one keeps in mind that the protocol was aimed at preventing ozone depletion in the Antarctic stratosphere, and little was known of its effect on Arctic sea ice when the protocol was signed,” the authors noted.

According to their projections, the Montreal Protocol has already prevented more than half a million square kilometers (about 193,000 square miles) of sea ice loss. By 2030, that amount will rise to more than 1 million square kilometers, and to 2 million square kilometers of prevented Arctic sea ice loss by 2040.

-via Grist, 5/24/23

[maedelin]

It's long past time to celebrate all things Teresia "Tessa" Karisik, aka the brilliant Sage. Announcing the Inaugural Sage Appreciation Day: January 15, 2026. #SageAppreciationDay2026

No AI Works will be accepted.

What is Accepted: Art, Fics, Pictures, Videos, Tribute stories, recipes, drinks, sand sculptures, cakes, and so on. Let your imagination run wild!

Celebrate however you can, and please remember to use the hashtag #SageAppreciationDay2026 !

[anythingcanhappeninmay]

they look like they could be fathers and sons!

[gwrnck]

“You want somethin’ freak?!”