#1200 bce

[artschoolglasses]

Bronze bull, Minoan, 1400-1200 BCE or later

From the Met Museum

[battlesandwarfare]

The Year Civilization Ended: The Mystery of the Sea Peoples and the Bronze Age Collapse

Imagine a world of incredible wealth and international trade. Great powers dominate the globe, their economies seemingly invincible, their armies technologically advanced. Then, in the span of a single lifetime, it all burns to the ground. This isn’t the plot of a dystopian sci-fi novel. This happened on Earth around 1200 BCE. The Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean was a golden era of…

The Year Civilization Ended: The Mystery of the Sea Peoples and the Bronze Age Collapse

[dontforgethighschool-blog]

Phoenicia and the Mediterranean (1200-500 BCE)

Phoenician trading network spanned the entire Mediterranean.

CARTHAGE’S COMMERCIAL EMPIRE

Carthage stretched between Byrsa, the original hilltop citadel of the community, and a double harbor. The inner harbor could accommodate up to 220 warships. A watchtower allowed surveillance of the surrounding area, and high walls made it impossible to see in from the outside. Carthaginian fleet consisted of fast, maneuverable galleys—oared warships. The archaeological record provides few clues about the commodities traded by the Carthaginians.

WAR AND RELIGION

A belt of fertile land in northeastern Tunisia, owned by Carthaginians but worked by native peasants and imported slaves, provided a secure food supply. Carthage relied on mercenaries from the most warlike peoples in its dominions. War was not the primary business of the state, there was a separation of military command from civilian government. Gods were powerful and capricious entities who had to be appeased by anxious worshippers.

[indypendenthistory]

The Only Ancient Egyptian Document that Mentions Israel (1,209 BCE – 1,208 BCE) The Merneptah Stele .