#1516

[dyktvideogamesfx]

Visit Original Link

Do you know this SFX? #1516

I know where it's from

It sounds familiar

I've never heard this

Remaining time: 3 days 16 hours

[escuerzoresucitado]

Concert in an Egg (1516)

Hieronymus Bosch

[onefootin1941]

Staircase designed by Leonardo da Vinci, 1516.

One of the most impressive architectural features of the French Renaissance castle of Château de Chambord is its famous double helix staircase.

[doyoulikethischaracterdesign]

The Knight from Dead By Daylight

Do you like this character design?

Yes

No

It's Complicated

Voting ended onMar 22

[wadim-john]

The Lion of St Mark, 1516 by Vittore Carpaccio (1465-1526)

[akutagawa-daily]

Akutagawa daily 1516/★

[artthatgivesmefeelings]

Joan Gascó (Spanish, c.1470-1529) Altarpiece of Saint Peter Martyr, c.1516 Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya - MNAC, Barcelona

[whencyclopedia]

Medieval Indulgence & Martin Luther

The medieval indulgence was a writ offered by the Church, for money, guaranteeing the remission of sin, and its abuse was the spark that inspired Martin Luther's 95 Theses. Luther (l. 1483-1546) claimed the sale of indulgences was unbiblical, challenging the authority of the Church and its claim as God's earthly representative.

Indulgences were nothing new and were based on the concept of the 'treasury of the Church', which held that the merits of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, the saints, and others who had led exemplary lives, could be drawn on by laypersons to lessen their time – or that of a loved one – in purgatory or remit the penalty of sin in this life. Initially, sale of an indulgence carried with it the expectation that the buyer would perform penitential acts but, by Martin Luther's time, paying money for the writ was frequently considered enough.

Luther objected to this practice in sermons prior to 1517, but when the indulgence-seller Johann Tetzel (l.c. 1465-1519) arrived in his region in 1516, Luther composed his 95 Theses – disputations on indulgences – and posted them for scholarly debate. His supporters translated the document from Latin to German and published it at the same time as Albrecht von Brandenburg, Archbishop of Mainz, to whom Luther had sent a copy, passed it on to Pope Leo X. These two events turned Luther's 95 topics for debate into direct challenges to the authority of the Church which, in trying to silence Luther, only radicalized him, leading to the Protestant Reformation.

Indulgences Pre-1400

The earliest form of the indulgence appears after the reign of the Roman emperor Decius (249-251) who, in persecuting Christians, demanded a writ of proof that they had sacrificed to the Roman gods. Christians who did so had to deny their faith and, afterwards, when they sought readmittance, were refused for so doing. Some of these 'fallen ones' then produced a writ attributed to a martyr or a well-respected deceased church member, vouchsafing their faith in Christ, and were taken back into the fold. This is considered the earliest indulgence as it formed the policy of leniency, which was the core of the later writs.

Although there does not seem to have been any development of the theology behind the indulgence at this time, the acceptance of the writ suggests that it conferred on the 'fallen' the spiritual merits, acquired in abundance and no longer needed, of the martyr. The 'fallen' still needed to do penance, but the writ assured the early Church that the person was worthy of readmittance. Scholar John Bossy writes:

The institution had its origins in the earlier regime of public penance, and the term applied to the remission, diminution, or conversion of the penal satisfaction imposed on the sinner in the course of his readmission to the community of the Church. It also covered the undertaking by the Church to offer its prayers or suffragia to God that he would likewise be reconciled. (54)

The indulgence (meaning "to be kind to" or "indulgent of") was understood as proof of God's willingness to forgive since someone of great spiritual merit had vouched for the sinner. This understanding led to the development of the concept of the 'treasury of merit' (also known as the 'treasury of the Church') which held that a certain amount of spiritual merit, built up by the selfless acts of Christ, the Virgin Mary, the saints, and the martyrs, could be drawn upon by those in need for their own salvation.

The sinner still had to prove worthy of forgiveness, however, by performing penitential acts. Which acts imposed were up to one's priest who heard one's confession, and in some cases, one's sins might require acts one simply was not capable of due to one's age, health, or social responsibilities, and so a fine was imposed and this money used for charitable causes such as the building and maintenance of churches, sick-houses, orphanages, and similar institutions.

In 1095, Pope Urban II declared indulgences for anyone taking part in the First Crusade (1095-1102). By performing this act, one was absolved of all sin, but those who could not participate could pay a certain sum for an indulgence instead. Saint Albertus Magnus (l. c. 1200-1280) and Church Father Thomas Aquinas (l. 1225-1274) developed the concept of the treasury of merit further and so justified the indulgence as the physical manifestation of a spiritual transaction in which one received a surplus of spiritual 'points' in return for penitential acts which, otherwise, might not be worth as much.

Continue reading...