#1532

[blondebrainpowered]

This stunning book was a gift from Francois I to his niece, Jeanne d'Albret.

This tiny handwritten prayer book (8.5 x 6.5 cm) is decorated with sixteen full-page painted illustrations and numerous illuminated initials. It can be dated thanks to the date 1532 that appears in its ornamentation.

[whencyclopedia]

Atahualpa

Atahualpa (Atawallpa) was the last ruler of the Inca Empire. He reigned from 1532 until his capture and execution by the invading Spanish forces led by Francisco Pizarro in 1533. The troubled Incas had suffered six years of damaging civil war and Atahualpa was only just enjoying his ascendancy to the throne when the Spanish arrived to turn the Inca world upside down.

Further weakened by European-introduced diseases, which wiped out millions, the Incas could do nothing against the better-armed invaders, even if there were only 168 of them. The Conquistadors were utterly ruthless and they would stop at nothing to gain the fabulous riches of the Americas' largest-ever empire.

Civil War & Succession

Atahualpa's father Wayna Qhapaq died in 1528 of smallpox, the most distinguished victim of the epidemic of European diseases which had spread from central America even faster than the foreign invaders themselves could manage. This epidemic killed a staggering 65-90% of the native population. When Wayna Qhapaq died without choosing a second heir (his first choice Ninan Cuyuchi also died of smallpox) Atahualpa battled for the throne with his half-brother Waskar (or Huascar) in a hugely damaging civil war which the Spanish would be only too glad to take advantage of when they arrived on Inca territory in 1532. Atahualpa was based in the northern capital at Quito while Waskar was at the Inca capital at Cuzco. After diplomatic relations soured between the two brothers, open warfare broke out in the north. There followed a series of battles between the Inca nobility which was costly to both sides until, after six years of fighting, Atahualpa finally prevailed.

By the time Spanish arrived, Atahualpa had managed to capture Waskar but the factions which had deeply split the empire remained. Waskar was imprisoned and his kin-group was killed, as were those who had supported him. Atahualpa even killed historians and destroyed the Inca quipu records. This was to be a total renewal, what the Incas called a pachakuti or 'turning over of time and space', an epoch-changing event which the Incas believed periodically occurred through the ages. What Atahualpa did not know was that another pachakuti was less than a year away, and this time he would be its victim.

Atahualpa's reign may have been brief but, as the Sapa ('Unique') Inca, he lived a life of extreme luxury. Drinking from gold cups, wearing silver-soled sandals and treated as a manifestation of the Sun god Inti on earth, Atahualpa was the head of the largest and richest empire the Americas had ever seen. His taste for opulence was chronicled by the Spanish who said that he once ordered a cloak made only from bat skins. As the Inca king and member of the royal blood line, he had the right to wear even more gold jewellery than the already over-laden nobility. His regalia included a feather headband (Ilauto), a golden mace (champi), and king-size golden ear-spools. The monarch travelled on a gold and silver litter further embellished with parrot feathers. He was fed food by a servant, and anything the royal person touched was collected and burnt in an annual ceremony to ward off witchcraft. If ever there was a pampered ruler it was the Sapa Inca of ancient Peru.

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[artthatgivesmefeelings]

Michelangelo Buonarroti (Italian, 1475-1564) Cleopatra, ca.1532

[boingfessions]

#1532

"una vez soñé que estaba en patines escapando de la policía mientras que de fondo escuchaba no one lives forever. que loco"

[doyoulikethischaracterdesign]

Jing Yuan from Honkai: Star Rail

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[akutagawa-daily]

Akutagawa daily 1532/★

[kirby-the-gorb]

[sdeluu]

kolay kolay sınıftan öğrenci atmam ama bi öğrencim (daha fazlası var ama bu bi tık abarttı artık) var ki artık sınırları aşıyor ve en kötüsü meslektaşlarım artık kaldıramıyor. her derste bana mesaj atıp gelir misin diye soruyorlar.. e buda artık yordu doğal olarak, ne de olsa bir değil bin tane çocuğum var. şimdi benim resim dersimde de sorun çıkarınca, rehber öğretmenliğin verdiği yetkiye dayanarak çocuğumu demin sınıftan attım.. elbette ki sadece korkutmak amaçlı, öteki türlü hala kıyamıyorum. başarılı oldum, kendisi şu an yukarıda ecel teri döküyor.. bunun yanısıra tüm sınıf şok, resmen iptal. okulda zaten namım salınmış, benim sınıfta atılıyorsan sorun sensin asla öğretmen de değildir diye. birazdan ders bitecek ve benimle konuşmaya gelecek ardından ailesini arayıp haber vereceğim.. bakalım bu yıl bu sıpamla nasıl atlatacağım.