#31659

[leomacgivena]

結局のところ自由度が高い方が一見良いが、自由度が低い方が改善しやすいので、かつては自由な手法Aが不自由な手法Bより好まれていたのに、改善された不自由な手法B'がAより好まれるようになる

nishio hirokazuさんはTwitterを使っています

[moonwatchuniverse]

1976 - 2021 = 45 years Russian military chronographs in space ! In 1976, Soviet-Russian cosmonauts started to wear the Russian Poljot 3133 military chronographs as standard time piece during Soyuz spaceflight missions to the Salyut-5 & -6 space stations. About 50 cosmonauts have worn these military chronographs during 30 Soyuz spaceflight missions between 1976 and 1994. The black dial OKEAH version was the first to be worn during Soyuz 23 (1976) while the gray dial military wing Shturmanskie 31659 version was still worn during Soyuz TM-16 to the Mir space station (1993). In March 1994, the gray dial was still seen during training for the Soyuz TM-20 EuroMir spaceflight mission, worn by Yuri Gidzenko. (Photo: MoonwatchUniverse)

[moonwatchuniverse]

Since the dawn of the space age, Russian made aviator chronographs have been on the wrists of Russian cosmonauts... from Yuri Gagarin’s 17 jewels Shturmanskie “Navigator” in April 1961, over Alexei Leonov’s Strela “Arrow” 3017 in March 1965 to Poljot “Flight” 3133 at wrists of Soyuz-crews headed to the Mir space station in the 1990s! Most cosmonauts had a military background and appreciated these time pieces. Moreover, between July 1975 and April 1981, there were no US-spaceflights while in that time period 21 Russian space missions with international “InterKosmos” partners were flown. Wristwatch-wise a very interesting period! We noticed modern-day “ watch influencers “ never mentioned these watches because of ignorance or snobbish attitude but these sturdy chronographs surely belong into every aviation/spaceflight related collection. (Photo: MoonwatchUniverse)

[moonwatchuniverse]

Russian-made Shturmanskie “Navigator” 31659 military chronograph as issued to cosmonauts during the early Mir program 1986 ~ 1994. Between Soyuz TM-2 and TM-20, this type of pilot chronograph was worn by at least a dozen cosmonauts, among whom Vladimir Dzhanibekov and Toyohiro Akiyama, the first Japanese citizen in space. (Photo: MoonwatchUniverse)

[moonwatchuniverse]

35 years ago… Tudor chronograph in cosmonaut training In December 1990, Soyuz TM-11 carried the first commercial spaceflight mission in Soviet-Russian space flight history. Japanese journalist Toyohiro Akiyama and his female back-up Ryoko Kikuchi trained for a year at Star City Moscow before heading to Baikonour. The Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS), paid for the entire flight and the Soviets called this their first commercial spaceflight, claiming to have earned US $15 million. Toyohiro Akiyama became the first Japanese and the first journalist to fly in space, serving as cosmonaut-researcher during his 7 days stay on the Russian Mir space station. 35 years ago and again 25 years ago I wrote an article on this historic mission. He was followed in 1992 by Mamoru Mohri on STS-47 Endeavour, in 1994 by the first Japanese female Dr Chiaki Naito-Mukai on STS-65 Columbia, in 1996 by Koichi Wakata on STS-72 Endeavour and in 1997 by Takao Doi on STS-87 Columbia, the first Japanese astronaut to conduct a spacewalk. Wrist-watch-wise interesting, during training Akiyama often wore his personal Tudor 79160 big block reverse panda chronograph but wore a Russian grey dial Poljot 31659 chronograph during the mission. (Photos: MWU/TBS/TASS)

[moonwatchuniverse]

35 years Shturmanskie 31659 in space... Russian made 31659 chronograph with colored wing dial. These tough Shturmanskie “Navigator” chronographs with hacking mechanism were worn between 1987 and 1993 during 10 Soyuz spaceflight mission, by at least 10 cosmonauts, among whom Japanese spacefarer, TBS-reporter Toyohiro Akiyama on Soyuz TM-11 in 1990. Up to 1995, these were still seen during training (e.g. Yuri Gidzenko TM-20 and Onufrienko for Shuttle-Mir resident crew 21). Watches no watch-websites talk about, because not yet wanted by collectors and low commercial interest in newer models. (Photo: MoonwatchUniverse)

[moonwatchuniverse]

30 years ago... 1st Japanese citizen in space December 2, 1990 at the Baikonur cosmodrome the Soyuz TM-11 crew was ready for launch to the Russian ""Mir"" space station. In fact, Soyuz TM-11 carried the first commercial spaceflight participant in history: Japanese TV journalist Toyohiro Akiyama. During 1990, two TBS - Tokyo Broadcasting Service journalists, Akiyama and his female back-up Ryoko Kikuchi trained at Star city near Moscow for a flight to the ""Mir"" space station. During training, Akiyama wore a reverse panda dial Tudor big block 79160 chronograph but at launch day he proudly pointed out his Russian gray dial Shturmanskie 31659 military chronograph. In fact, the crew carried a set of 10 Omega Speedmaster chronographs onboard the ""Mir"" space station, which were returned 175 days later in May 1991 ! (Photo: TASS)