#admin do

[jojal-jojalkorean]

Twelve Months in Pure Korean Words(순우리말) and more

Hello! this is admin Do. Today I will introduce twelve months in Pure Korean words and some good pure Korean words.

- Twelve Months in Pure Korean Word

In a monthly magazine, "작은 것이 아름답다", published by 녹색연합, a private environmental activist group, the twelve months in the pure Korean word named by 임의진 of 남녘 Church was introduced. He suggested using these names, which are meaningful and friendly, instead of dull numbers, and 12 months in Korean were created. Thus, each month is not an official name in Korean. Though the names are not official, they capture the images of each month beautifully in pure Korean!

January : 해오름달(Hae-o-reum Dal) - The month of vigorous ascent on New Year's morning.

February : 시샘달(Sisaem Dal) - The end of winter months with cold

March : 물오름달(MuloReum Dal) - The month rising water in the mountains and fields

April : 잎새달(Ibsae Dal) - the month with its own leafy trees

May : 푸른달(Pureun Dal) - The month of every man with a hopeful heart

*푸른 : The basic form '푸르다' means mostly blue. In literal translation, it is the month of all who are blue-hearted. But the word '푸르다' occasionally means having big hope or ambition, or youth and vitality.

June : 누리달(Nuri Dal) - The month full of the sound of lives all over it.

July : 견우직녀달(Gyeon-woo Jing-nyuh Dal) - The beautiful month where 견우(Gyeon-woo) and 직녀(Jing-nyuh) meet

*견우 and 직녀 : The main characters of the legend of Chilwol Chilseok, in which Gyun-woo and Jing-nyuh meet once a year.

August : 타오름달(Taoreum Dal) - The month of passion in which the sun burns in the sky and the heart burns on the earth.

September : 열매달(Yeolmae Dal) - The month in which every branch bears fruit

October : 하늘연달(Haneulyeon Dal) - The month when the country of morning opened on Mt. Baekdu

*Mt. Baekdu : The mountain in Korea

November : 미틈달(Miteum Dal) - The month from autumn to winter

December : 매듭달(Maedeub Dal) - The last month of the year to compose oneself

- Other Pure Korean Words

Below are beautiful pure Korean words, sometimes found in the names of Koreans.

미리내(Mirinae) : milky way

아라(Ara) : sea

예그리나(Yegrina) : our relationship of loving each other

라온(Raon) : pleasant

사나래(Sanarae) : angel wings

나르샤(Narsya) : fly up

다솜(Dasom) : love affectionate and dear

Written by Admin Do

Edited by Admin Yu

[jojal-jojalkorean]

Halloween Post- Korean Ghosts and Monsters

Hello This is admin Do! Today, I am going to introduce the representative ghosts and monsters of Korea for Halloween.

구미호(Kumiho, Nine-tailed Fox)

A monster or mystical animal handed down to East Asia. 구미호 is famous for being able to transform into a fascinating woman, meaning a nine-tailed fox with a mystical power. Korea's 구미호 is characterized by its desire to become a human being.

The goblin is neither human nor God. It plays pleasant pranks on people with their superpowers. It sometimes makes fair bets on people. It is described as having both gaiety, absurdity and extraordinaryness. It is also called 귓것, 허주, 뜬것, 독각귀, 독각대왕, 망량, and 망량신. An original explains that It seems a mysterious and big man, a flame, or a fairy. It is hard to limit the appearance of a goblin. The goblin is characterized by a dislike for murder and blood.

 물귀신(Mul-gwi-sin, a water demon)

A ghost in the water, attract and drown a person who entered the water. The water ghost is mostly a woman's figure of a woman. Water ghosts cannot accept the fact that they have drowned and have a grudge, so they lure people to the place where they have fallen and drown. There are many views for doing this. first, it is because of wanting to make friends. second, it is because one must kill someone else to get out of there. lastly, it tries to strengthen one's power by subjugating the soul by omitting and killing people.

처녀귀신(Cheo-nyeo-gwi-sin)

The ghost of a woman who couldn't get married. It is called 말명, 손말명, 손각시, etc. It looks wearing loose black hair and white clothes. There is a case with blood on it. 

몽달귀신(Mong-dal-gwi-sin)

The ghost of a man who couldn't get married. It is also called 삼태귀신, 도령귀신, etc. The spirit of a bachelor who suffers from lovesickness or died without marriage at the age of marriage becomes a distant spirit and commits evil deeds to a person.

달걀귀신(Dal-gyal-gwi-sin)

If an old egg doesn't go bad, it becomes an egg ghost. Egg ghosts can turn into humans, and there are no eyes, nose or mouth on the face. Usually, egg ghosts are described as eggs rolling around alive.

Written by Admin Do

Edited by Admin Sun

[jojal-jojalkorean]

Korean Grammar - ‘여’ Irregular Conjugation(‘여’ 불규칙)

Hello! This is admin Do. Today I'm going to talk about ‘여’ 불규칙 활용. (In literal translation, ‘‘여’ 불규칙 활용’ means ‘여’ irregular conjugation)

Conjugation of 하다(to do) 

There are many 어미(ending) that start with 아/어, like ‘-아/어’ and ‘아서/어서’. For most of the verbs, ‘-아/어’ part stays the same. However, when ‘하-’ and ‘-아’ are combined, it is not transformed into ‘하아’ but ‘하여’.

That's because of ‘여’ 불규칙 활용. It means the use of 어미(ending) '-아' turns into 어미(ending) '-여'. '하다' and All verbs and adjectives with suffix '-하다' are used irregularly.

By the way, if you're curious about all Verbs and Adjectives the suffix ‘-하다’, I recommend you read the post Vocabulary List(By admin Yu, Vocabulary - Verbs). :)

‘하다’ has no form change when combined with 어미(ending) like  ‘-게, -고, -지’ ( ‘하게, 하고, 하지’ ) which begin with a consonant. But when combined with 어미(ending) like ‘-아’ which begins with a vowel, changes occur. (Just a quick tip, we don’t count ‘ㅇ’ that comes at the very first of a syllable as a consonant since it doesn’t withhold any sound value!)

Example)

하아 (x) -> 하여 (o)

하아라 (x) -> 하여라 (o)

하아서 (x) -> 하여서 (o)

하았다 (x) -> 하였다 (o) (The ‘-았-’ signifying the past tense changes to ‘-였-’.)

Example)

일하았다 (x) -> 일하였다 (o)

정직하았다 (x) -> 정직하였다 (o)

These words below can be abbreviated by combining 어간(stem) and 어미(ending). Both shortened and not shortened are grammatically correct.

하여 -> 해

하여라 -> 해라

하여서 -> 해서

하였다 -> 했다

Written by Admin Do

Edited and revised by Admin Yu 

Reference: 두산백과, 표준국어대사전

[jojal-jojalkorean]

Korean Family Names(우리나라 성씨 소개)

The Korean people began to use last name comprised of Chinese characters under the influence of Chinese culture during 삼국시대(the early fourth to mid seventh centuries).

During the 고려시대(the beginning of the 10th century to the end of the 14th century), the system of family names was established. Later in the 조선시대(the end of the 14th century to the beginning of the 20th century), the family names became so common that even Yang Min-do used them. Nobi and Cheonmin were not allowed to use their surnames until the late Joseon Dynasty, but from 1909, anyone could have their family names and their family names.

The family name of Korea is divided into one letter and two letter. The family name in Korea does not represent the entire family, but only the paternal lineage. The family name of Korea is a combination of the main building and the family name, indicating the lineage of blood relatives.

ex) 경주 김씨 (씨 is a word indicating the lineage of the same surname)

Family clan is the name of the birthplace of one's first ancestor, where the family name was first started, and it is used with the last name to distinguish the blood relatives. In it, the various sects are distinguished according to the middle ancestor.

Meanwhile, under the Family Registration Act, children were required to follow the father's last name, but Article 781 of the Civil Act was amended after the family registration law was abolished in 2008. Accordingly, if parents agreed each other to follow the example of their mother's last name when they reported their marriage, their children could use their mother's last name.

As of 2015, there were 5,582 last names in Korea, of which 1,507 were able to write Chinese characters and 4,075 were not allowed to write Chinese characters.

Below are listed last names by the number of people from the 1st place to the 20th place.

the 1st place : 김(金)

-population proportion: 21.507% -population : 10,689,959 -number of family clan : 1,010 -major family clan: 김해(金海), 경주(慶州), 광산(光山) +) Some of the representative celebrities who are 김해 김씨 are XIUMIN(EXO) and so on. +) Some of the representative celebrities who are 경주 김씨 are JISOO(BLACKPINK) and so on. +) Some of the representative celebrities who are 광산 김씨 are JIN(BTS), V(BTS) and so on.

the 2nd place : 이(李)

-population proportion: 14.700% -population : 7,306,828 -number of family clan : 941 -major family clan: 전주(全州), 경주(慶州), 성주(星州), 광주(廣州)

the 3rd place : 박(朴)

-population proportion: 8.434% -population : 4,192,074 -number of family clan : 488 -major family clan: 밀양(密陽), 반남(潘南) +) Some of the representative celebrities who are 밀양 박씨 are JIMIN(BTS), JOY(RED VELVET) and so on.

the 4th place : 최(崔)

-population proportion: 4.695% -population : 2,333,927 -number of family clan : 431 -major family clan: 경주(慶州), 전주(全州) +) Some of the representative celebrities who are 경주 최씨 are BEOMGYU(TXT), SOOBIN(TXT), YEONJUN(TXT) and so on.

the 5th place : 정(鄭)

-population proportion: 4.329% -population : 2,151,879 -number of family clan : 350 -major family clan: 동래(東萊), 경주(慶州), 진주(晉州), 연일(延日)

the 6th place : 강(姜)

-population proportion: 2.368% -population : 1,176,847 -number of family clan : 151 -major family clan: 진주(晉州/진양)

the 7th place : 조(趙)

-population proportion: 2.124% -population : 1,055,567 -number of family clan : 252 -major family clan: 한양(漢陽), 함안(咸安), 풍양(豊壤)

the 8th place : 윤(尹)

-population proportion: 2.053% -population : 1,020,547 -number of family clan : 168 -major family clan: 파평(坡平), 칠원(漆原)

the 9th place : 장(張)

-population proportion: 1.997% -population : 992,721 -number of family clan : 268 -major family clan: 인동(仁同), 안동(安東)

the 10th place : 임(林)

-population proportion: 1.658% -population : 823,921 -number of family clan : 341 -major family clan: 나주(羅州), 평택(平澤/팽성), 예천(醴泉) +) Some of the representative celebrities who are 평택 임씨 are NAYEON(TWICE) and so on. +) Some of the representative celebrities who are 예천 임씨 are YOONA(SNSD) and so on.

the 11th place : 한(韓)

-population proportion: 1.556% -population : 773,404 -number of family clan : 167 -major family clan: 청주(淸州)

the 12th place : 오(吳)

-population proportion: 1.536% -population : 763,281 -number of family clan : 214 -major family clan: 해주(海州), 보성(寶城), 나주(羅州)

the 13th place : 서(徐)

-population proportion: 1.512% -population : 751,704 -number of family clan : 156 -major family clan: 달성(達城), 이천(利川) +) Some of the representative celebrities who are 달성 서씨 are SEOHYUN(SNSD) and so on.

the 14th place : 신(申)

-population proportion: 1.491% -population : 741,081 -number of family clan : 155 -major family clan: 평산(平山), 고령(高靈)

the 15th place : 권(權)

-population proportion: 1.420% -population : 705,941 -number of family clan : 74 -major family clan: 안동(安東), 예천(禮泉) +) Some of the representative celebrities who are 안동 권씨 are YURI(SNSD) and so on.

the 16th place : 황(黃)

-population proportion: 1.403% -population : 697,171 -number of family clan : 238 -major family clan: 창원(昌原), 장수(長水), 평해(平海) +) Some of the representative celebrities who are 창원 황씨 are MINHYUN(NU'EST, Wanna One) and so on.

the 17th place : 안(安)

-population proportion: 1.379% -population : 685,639 -number of family clan : 163 -major family clan: 순흥(順興) +) Some of the representative celebrities who are 순흥 안씨 are HWASA(MAMAMOO) and so on.

the 18th place : 송(宋)

-population proportion: 1.375% -population : 683,494 -number of family clan : 246 -major family clan: 여산(礪山), 은진(恩津)

the 19th place : 전(全)

-population proportion: 1.125% -population : 559,110 -number of family clan : 274 -major family clan: 천안(天安), 정선(旌善)

the 20th place : 홍(洪)

-population proportion: 1.124% -population : 558,853 -number of family clan : 134 -major family clan: 남양(南陽)

-Written by Admin Do

-Edited by Admin Yu

참조 : 시사상식사전, pmg 지식엔진연구소, 두산백과, 대한민국 인구주택총조사

[jojal-jojalkorean]

Korean Movie - DongJu; The Portrait of A Poet(동주)

Hi This is Admin Do! Today I’ll introduce you a historical Korean movie.

The most beloved poet of the Republic of Korea, Yoon Dong-ju The movie Dong-ju depicts the life story of Yoon Dong-ju of the Japanese colonial era and his friend and cousin Song Mong-gyu. It is a work of outstanding historical value, and it is produced on a black-and-white screen, giving a unique atmosphere.

東柱, DONGJU; The Portrait of A Poet

Synopsis :

No name, no language, no dreams, all not allowed in Japanese colonial era.

Dong-ju and Mong-gyu, cousins of the same age who were born and raised in one family.

For Dong-ju, a young man who dreams of becoming a poet, Mong-gyu, a young man who acts without hesitation for his faith, feels like a mountain that is the closest friend but hard to overcome.

The two left the chaotic country that was forced to change full name(under coercion of imperialist Japan) and went on their way to study in Japan.

After moving to Japan, Mong-gyu become more focused on the independence movement, and the conflict with Dong-ju, who had been suffering from the tragedy of the times, writing poems even in desperate moments, deepen.

The unfinished story of Yoon Dong-ju and Song Mong-gyu, who were friends and eternal rivals in the dark era, begins now.

VOCABULARY

-시인: Poet

-사촌: Cousin

-일대기: One's life story

-역사: History

-고증: Historical research

-분위기: Atmosphere

-줄거리: Synopsis

-이름: Name

-언어: Language

-꿈: Dream

-허락: Permission

-동갑내기: A person of the same age

-신념: Belief

-청년: Young man

-산: Mountain

-강요: Coercion

-나라: Nation

-유학: Studying abroad

-절망: Despair

-시: Poem

-어둠: Darkness

-시대: Era

-비극: Tragedy

-갈등: Conflict

-영원: Eternity

참조 및 출처 : 네이버 영화

-Written by Admin Do

-Edited by Admin Yu

[jojal-jojalkorean]

Korean Grammar - Honorifics depending on object (객체높임법)

In Korean, grammatical elements that indicate the speaker's attitude toward a subject are called 높임표현(honorifics). 높임표현 can be divided according to who the subject is.

객체 높임 is a method of raising the object of the description. Click links below to know what are considered as object in this type of honorifics! 

Korean Grammar - Fundamental Constituents (주성분) Part 2 : Predicate & Object (Read the part about 목적어(object))

Korean Grammar - Supplementary Constituents (부속 성분) (Read the part about adverbial phrase)

1. Special verbs

객체 높임법 is expressed using some special verbs. Some of them are 여쭈다(=묻다=question), 뵈다(=보다=meet), 모시다(=데리다=be attended), and 드리다 (=주다=give).

ex)

나는 오랜만에 할머니를 뵈었다.(I met my grandmother after a long time.)

철수가 할아버지를 모시고 온다.(철수 brings his grandfather.)

2. Postposition ‘께’

Also, if the object is a adverbial phrase, use 부사격조사(adverbial marker) ‘께’ instead of 부사격조사(adverbial marker) ‘에게/한테’.

ex)

영희가 선생님께 그 문제를 여쭈었다.(영희 asked the teacher about the problem.)

나는 할머니께 선물을 드렸다.(I gave a present to my grandmother.)

I hope this lesson helped you!

-Written by Admin Do

-Edited by Admin Yu

[jojal-jojalkorean]

Korean Grammar - Past Tense(과거 시제)

A tense is a grammatical category that represents the temporal position of a situation based on a point in time. The tense is divided into ‘past-present-future’ depending on the relationship between 발화시(the time of speech) and 사건시(when the action or condition appears).

Past tense is a time expression in which event time precedes speech. The past tense is mainly realized by 선어말 어미 ‘-았-/-었-’.

ex)

-나는 저번 주에 떡볶이를 먹었다.(I had 떡볶이 last week.)

=> ‘What I ate 떡볶이’ happened before ‘talking about what i ate 떡볶이’.

=> 먹다(basic form) + ‘-었-’(선어말 어미) = 먹었다

-철수는 어제 영희와 놀았다.(철수 played with 영희 yesterday.)

=> ‘What Chul-soo played with Young-hee’ happened before ‘talking about what 철수 played with 영희’.

=> 놀다(basic form) + ‘-았-’(선어말 어미) = 놀았다

It is sometimes used in the form of ‘-았었/-었었-’ to express that something happened a long time ago or is not the case now. Use ‘-더-’ to recall past events or experiences.

ex)

-철수는 전에는 당근을 먹었었다.(철수 used to eat carrots.)

=> 철수 used to eat carrots, but he doesn't eat them now.

=> 먹다(basic form) + ‘-었었-’(선어말 어미) = 먹었었다

-어제 영희가 준 사과가 맛있더라.(The apple that 영희 gave me yesterday was delicious.)

=> The speaker recalls that the apples given by 영희 in the past were delicious.

=> 맛있다(basic form) + ‘-더-’(선어말 어미) = 맛있더라

when using in as 관형사절(adnominal clause), 관형사형 어미(an adnominal form ending) ‘-(으)ㄴ’ and ‘-던’ is used for verbs, and ‘-던’ is used for 형용사(adjective) and ‘이다’. You can also add '-았/었-' followed by '-던/었.'

ex)

-식탁 위에 내가 먹은/먹던/먹었던 빵이 있었다.(There was bread I ate on the table./There was the bread I was eating on the table./There was bread I had eaten on the table.

-철수는 푸르던 하늘을 떠올렸다.(철수 recalled the blue sky.)

-그 때는 영희가 학생이던/학생이었던 시절이다.(That was when Young-hee was a student.)

- Written by Admin Do

-Edited by Admin Yu