#biology study guide

[er-cryptid]

Biology Prefixes

bacteri- = bacteria

bio- = life

cardio- = heart

chemo- = chemicals

embryo- = egg

entomo- = insects

hemato- = blood

hydro- = water

immuno- = immune system

macro- = large

micro- = small

neuro- = brain

patho- = disease

pulmo- = lung

sucro- = sugar

.

Patreon

[er-cryptid]

ACh

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter

Alters postsynaptic membrane permeability

Depolarizes or hyperpolarizes membrane

[er-cryptid]

Note Cards (December 2023)

1st Class Lever

2/3rd Down Femoral Shaft Diagram

2nd Law of Motion

Allosteric Fatty Acid Control

Antidiuretic Hormone

Arginase Disorder

Body Lever System

Bone Functions

Chemotherapeutic Mechanisms

Conservation Laws in Physics

Cytosol

Estuary

Extrasutural Bones

Genetic Transformation

Generalized vs Specialized Transduction

Growth Hormone

Hamstrings

Human Papillomavirus 16

Interpreting Bowel Sounds

Long Head of Biceps Femoris OIA

Long Head of Triceps Brachii

Metacarpal 1 - Dorsal

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Phage T4 Assembly

Physico-

Radius Upper Midshaft Diagram

Re

Rene-Robert Cavelier

Stylohyoid OIA

Submandibular Ganglion

Superior

Terminal Cisternae

Uses of Linezolid

Yucca faxoniana

Zhemaichu Horse

Zygomaticoorbital Foramen

[er-cryptid]

Dynein

Patreon

[er-cryptid]

AP Biology: Words to Know

Scientific Process -- accuracy -- Chi-square -- control -- constant -- deductive reasoning -- dependent variable -- graph -- hypothesis -- independent variable -- inductive reasoning -- mean -- median -- model -- observation -- precision -- prediction -- rate -- scientific method -- table -- trend -- variable

Biochemistry -- amino acid -- amphipathic -- carbohydrate -- carbon -- denaturation -- disaccharide -- ester bond -- fibrous protein -- globular protein -- glycosydic bond -- hydrogen bond -- ion -- lipid -- macromolecule -- monomer -- monosaccharide -- nitrogen -- non-polar molecule -- nucleic acid -- nucleotide -- organic molecule -- peptide bond -- phospholipid -- polar molecule -- polymer -- protein -- water

Evolution -- adaptation -- adaptive radiation -- allele -- allopatric -- analogous structure -- artificial selection -- background extinction rate -- biogeography -- biological species -- cladogenesis -- coevolution -- common ancestor -- comparative anatomy -- convergent evolution -- Darwin -- differential survival -- directional selection -- disruptive selection -- endosymbiosis -- evo-devo -- evolutionary fitness -- extinction -- fixation of alleles -- fossil record -- founder effect -- geologic time scale -- gene flow -- gene pool -- genetic bottleneck -- genetic drift -- genetic equilibrium -- genetic variation -- gradualism -- Hardy-Weinberg equation -- homologous structures -- homology -- hybrid -- last common ancestors -- mass extinction -- migration -- Miller-Urey experiments -- modern synthesis -- molecular clock -- mutation -- natural selection -- paleontology -- panspermia -- parallel evolution -- phenotype -- phylogeny -- polymorphism -- polyploidy -- prezygotic mechanisms -- postzygotic mechanisms -- primordial environment -- radiometric dating -- random mating -- relative dating -- reproductive isolation -- RNA world -- rock strata -- speciation -- species -- stromatolite -- sympatric -- transitional fossil -- vestigial organ

Classification & Biological Diversity -- Archaea -- Bacteria -- binomial nomenclature -- cladogram -- class -- distinguishing feature -- Eukarya -- family -- genus -- kingdom -- monophyletic -- order -- paraphyletic -- phylogenetic tree -- phylogeny -- phylum -- polyphyletic -- shared derived characteristic -- shared ancestral characteristic -- taxon

Cells -- active transport -- amphipathic -- apoptosis -- aquaporin -- carrier protein -- cell wall -- centrioles -- channel protein -- chloroplast -- communication -- cyclic AMP -- concentration gradient -- cytoplasm -- cytoskeleton -- diffusion -- electron microscope -- endocytosis -- endoplasmic reticulum -- exocytosis -- eukaryotic cell -- facilitated diffusion -- flagella -- fluid mosaic model -- glycolipid -- glycoprotein -- Golgi apparatus -- G-protein linked receptor -- hormone -- hypertonic -- hypotonic -- ion pump -- isotonic -- ligand -- light microscope -- lysosome -- magnification -- membrane -- mitochondrion -- necrosis -- nuclear envelope -- nuclear pore -- nucleus -- organelles -- osmosis -- passive transport -- phagocytosis -- phospholipid -- phosphorylation cascade -- pinocytosis -- plasma membrane -- plasmolysis -- prokaryotic cell -- protein kinase -- quorum sensing -- receptor -- ribosome -- rough ER -- second messenger -- selectively permeable -- signal cascade -- signal transduction -- signal transduction pathway -- smooth ER -- surface area : volume ratio -- transmembrane protein -- turgor -- vacuole

Cell Division -- anaphase -- cancer -- cell cycle -- cellular differentiation -- cell division -- centrioles -- chromosome -- crossing over -- crossover frequency -- cyclin-dependent kinase -- cytokinesis -- differentiation -- diploid -- DNA replication -- fertilization -- gamete -- haploid -- homologous chromosomes -- independent assortment -- interphase -- maternal chromosome -- meiosis -- metaphase -- mitosis -- nuclear division -- p53 -- paternal chromosome -- potency -- prophase -- recombination -- sex chromosome -- somatic cell -- specialized cell -- synapsis -- telophase

Molecular Genetics -- activator -- amino acids -- anticodon -- base-pairing rules -- cell differentiation -- coding strand -- codon -- DNA ligase -- DNA polymerase -- DNA replication -- embryonic induction -- exons -- gel electrophoresis -- gene expression -- gene induction -- gene repression -- genetic code -- genetic engineering -- genetic transplantation -- helicase -- homeotic genes -- HOX genes -- hydrogen bonding -- inducible genes -- introns -- lac operon -- lagging strand -- leading strand -- micro RNA -- morphogenesis -- mutation -- nucleic acids -- nucleotides -- Okazaki fragments -- polymerase chain reaction -- protein -- regulatory sequence -- replication fork -- repressor -- restriction enzyme -- reverse transcriptase -- RNA      -- mRNA      -- rRNA      -- tRNA -- start codon -- stop codon -- template strand -- transcription -- transcription factors -- transgenic organism -- translation

Mendelian Genetics -- allele -- autosome -- back cross -- codominance -- continuous variation -- cross -- dihybrid cross -- discontinuous variation -- dominant -- F1 generation -- F2 generation -- genetic counseling -- genomic imprinting -- genotype -- heterozygous -- homozygous -- incomplete dominance -- independent assortment -- lethal allele -- linkage -- monohybrid cross -- multiple alleles -- non-disjunction -- non-nuclear inheritance -- pedigree analysis -- phenotype -- polygenetic inheritance -- Punnett square -- pure-breeding -- recessive -- segregation -- sex chromosome -- sex-limited traits -- sex-linked gene -- test cross -- trait

Metabolism -- absorption spectrum -- accessory pigment -- acetyl coA -- action spectrum -- activation energy -- active site -- anabolism -- anaerobic metabolism -- allosteric regulation -- ATP -- autotroph -- Calvin cycle -- catabolism -- catalyst -- cellular respiration -- chemiosmosis -- chemoautotroph -- chlorophyll -- chloroplast -- citric acid cycle -- coenzyme -- cofactor -- compartmentalization -- consumer -- cyclic electron flow -- denaturation -- electron transport chain -- entropy -- endergonic reaction -- enzyme -- exergonic reaction -- feedback inhibition -- fermentation -- glycolysis -- heterotroph -- induced fit model -- light dependent reactions -- light independent reactions -- metabolic pathway -- mitochondrion -- NAD -- NADP -- negative feedback -- non-cyclic electron flow -- oxidative posphorylation -- photolysis -- photosynthesis -- positive feedback -- ribulose bisphosphate -- substrate-level phosphorylation -- thylakoid membrane

Physiology -- cell-mediated immunity -- circadian rhythm -- closed circulatory system -- clonal selection -- cortex -- countercurrent exchange -- diastole -- digestive enzymes -- digestive tract -- disease -- double circulatory system -- ectothermic -- electrochemical gradient -- endocrine signaling -- endodermis -- endothermic -- estivation -- excretion -- extracellular digestion -- fibrin -- gas exchange -- gastrovascular cavity -- gills -- glucagon -- guard cells -- heart valves -- hibernation -- HIV -- homeostasis -- hormone -- humoral immunity -- hypothalamus -- inflammation -- inhibition -- insulin -- integration -- intracellular digestion -- immune response -- leukocyte -- loop of Henle -- lungs -- lymphocyte -- memory cells -- mesophyll -- metabolism -- migration -- motor neuron -- myelin -- myosin -- neuromuscular junction -- neuron -- neurotransmitter -- nitrogenous waste -- nodes of Ranvier -- non-specific defense -- open circulatory system -- osmoregulation -- passive immunity -- pathogen -- phagocyte -- phagocytosis -- phloem -- photoperiodism -- phytochrome -- postsynaptic -- presynaptic -- primary immune response -- pressure-flow hypothesis -- pulmonary circulation -- reflex -- refractory period -- reproductive strategy -- respiratory surface -- resting potential -- root -- root hair -- root pressure -- saltatory conduction -- Schwann cells -- secondary immune response -- sensory neuron -- sensory receptor -- serotonin -- sinoatrial node -- skeletal muscle -- specific defense -- stem -- stimulus -- stomata -- synapse -- T-cell -- transpiration -- transpirational pull -- vaccination -- ventricle -- villi -- xerophyte -- xylem

Ecology -- abiotic factor -- abundance -- adaptation -- age structure -- biodiversity -- biome -- biotic factor -- carbon cycle -- carrying capacity -- climate change -- community -- conservation -- decomposer -- demography -- density dependent factor -- detritovore -- distribution -- ecological niche -- ecological pyramid -- ecological succession -- ecosystem -- ecosystem stability -- endangered species -- exponential growth -- food chain -- food web -- global warming -- greenhouse effect -- greenhouse gas -- gross primary productivity -- habitat -- hydrologic cycle -- imprinting -- interspecific competition -- intraspecific competition -- introduced species -- K-selection -- keystone species -- learning -- life history -- life tables -- limiting factor -- logistic growth -- mark and recapture -- migration -- mortality -- mutualism -- net primary productivity -- nitrogen cycle -- nutrient cycle -- parasite -- photoautotroph -- population -- population growth -- population size -- pollution -- predator -- primary consumer -- rate of increase -- resilience -- R-selection -- saprophyte -- secondary consumer -- species diversity -- survivorship curve -- symbiosis -- ten percent rule -- threatened species -- trophic efficiency -- trophic level -- urbanization

[biologyencore]

Review Materials for the Biology Final

Hello hello hello! Happy Monday!

Finals are coming up fast for Metro students and I've had some specific requests for additional resources to help with studying. So here you go...

Practice Tests

There are not ACT QualityCore Biology practice tests online, at least that I could find. However, I took a look at these practice questions from Tennessee's state tests and they look really close to a lot of what you'll be seeing. Note that some of Tennessee's standards are slightly different from what Ohio uses, so there may be some questions you don't know. That is OK! Answers are at the end of each packet.

Biology Practice Test 1

Biology Practice Test 2

Biology Practice Test 3

Practice Questions on Cells

Practice Questions on Ecology

Practice Questions on Heredity

I would suggest going through these questions, writing your answers on a sheet of paper, and then checking them against the key at the end.

Review of Cells

The Cell Overview

Parts of the Cell Quiz

Interactive Plant and Animal Cells

A Tour of the Cell

Review the Cells AP Biology Rap

All about Eukaryotic Cells

Cell Unit at Shmoop (I highly suggest clicking the "Topics in Depth" option on the left side menu bar to look at cell organelles and the similarities and differences between plant, animal, and bacteria cells.)

Crash Course Biology: Animal Cells

Crash Course Biology: Plant Cells

Review of Cellular Respiration

Crash Course Biology: ATP & Respiration 

Cellular Respiration Review

Cellular Respiration by the Amoeba Sisters

Interactive Biology's Cellular Respiration Review

Cell Respiration at The Biology Place

Cellular Respiration Rap

Cellular Respiration Animations

Review of Reading Graphs

Now we're been looking at and making graphs all through the semester, but here are some basic resources that will help you refresh your skills.

Reading Graphs on the ACT Science Test

Reading Charts and Graphs Interactive Lesson

How to Read Scientific Graphs and Charts

A Beginner's Guide to Graphing Data

[biologyencore]

Hello Biology Students! Long time no post, I know, I know...

Your test on our Genetics and Evolution Unit is coming up on Thursday and I wanted to provide some resources to help you study (and even learn more, if you are interested...). Note that most of these websites/resources have more information that what you will need to know for your test... use your class notes as a guide to help you figure out what is important within these resources. Study help for genetics...

Biology Corner Chapters 11-14: Notes, practice Punnett Squares, some activities you can do at home, and even some information on genetic engineering and human genetics!

University of Utah's Genetic Science Learning Center: Check out the content under Tour of Basic Genetics, Characteristics of Inheritance, and Molecules of Inheritance for the stuff most relevant to what we've studied. The pigeon breeding game is also fun!

The Biology Place's Mendelian Inheritance unit: Interactive unit on genetics and heredity.

DNA from the Beginning: Animated units about genetics, DNA, and transcription/translation.

Doing Monohybrid Crosses with the Amoeba Sisters: Great video tutorial on monohybrid Punnett Squares.

Heredity by Crash Course: Heredity review from a great YouTube resource.

Study help for evolution...

Stated Clearly: Animated short movies, like the one above, about evolution and natural selection.

Understanding Evolution by UC Berkeley: Probably the best resource for teaching evolution on the internet. I'm linking you to the section that is most relevant to what we've covered, but if you want to learn more about evolution, this is where to start. I use this website all the time when I TA for biology at OSU.

Natural Selection by Crash Course: Review of natural selection.

Evolution and Natural Selection from the Khan Academy: Video lessons on evolution and natural selection.

How Evolution Works: Really nice YouTube review, complete with British narrator!

Evolution Explained in Four Minutes: Exactly what the title suggests. And, if you really REALLY want to learn more about advances in evolutionary biology since Darwin, I highly recommend PBS's NOVA episode "What Darwin Never Knew." Yes, it is two hours. Yes, it is really, really interesting. Amazing to think how much Darwin got right given that he had no idea about genetics!

And as always, if you have any questions, please ASK!