How were ships' bottoms cleaned in the Age of Sail?
Hi, the ship was laid on its side, which is also called careening. Careening, is the turning or rolling of a vessel around its longitudinal axis so that one side of the lower hull and keel - the lowest part of a watercraft - is exposed for cleaning or repair. Incidentally, the term "heaving down" was used in the past. This required either a beach, a shipyard or a careening shipyard. If this was done on a beach, the ship's guns could be moved to the shore and used as anchor points, but a wharf in a shipyard was preferred because it was equipped with the capstans and rigging needed to haul the ship in.
HMS 'Formidable' careened in Malta Dockyard, 31 January 1843. The second rate warship ‘Formidable’ is shown being careened at the dockyard in the Grand Harbour at Malta. By Quintanas, J, 1843 (x)
The next step was to lighten the ship by removing unnecessary materials and putting them into temporary storage ashore. After all the sails, running rigging, ropes and most of the yards had been removed, the ship's three-part masts - consisting of lower mast, upper mast and topgallant mast - were dismantled down to the lower third. Then the crew members lifted the sledge-mounted guns from the deck, fastened the main and fore hulls with ropes and cordage, laid them on the quay and rolled them into storage. All the cargo and barrels of provisions were also lifted from the ship's hold and rolled ashore. The crew members who were in the bottom of the ship passed the iron shot and most of the ballast stones to a number of shipmates, who passed them on and stacked them ashore. Only a portion of the ballast, determined by the captain, was left in the hold to maintain the ship's balance. The lower gun ports were sealed, reinforced and made watertight. Numerous thick wooden booms were also installed, up to 61 cm in diameter and 12 m long. The ship was then pulled with ropes, blocks and the capstan to lay it on its side.
Now, standing on a floating platform connected to the ship, the carpenter could inspect the hull and determine the extent of repairs needed.
This work could include removing rotten or damaged planks and installing new ones, or replacing the sacrificial keel that protected the actual keel from damage.But also all the livestock that had settled on the hull was removed.And the chaulking was done, with ship's caulkers with special hammers tapping dense stands of tar-soaked oak into the seams to keep the water out. When all the repairs and cleaning were completed on one side, the ship was put back into the water, turned around and the process repeated on the other side. when all the sides were finished, everything could be loaded and reassembled and the ship was put back into the water.
So, I think that should be it for the moment, if you want to know more just let me know












