#chakma

[folkfashion]

Chakma woman's clothing, Bangladesh, by Niks Chakma

[thejawsdevour]

Kanak Chanpa Chakma (Bangladeshi/Chakma) - Hunting (acrylic on canvas, 2007)

[gwendolynlerman]

Writing systems

Bengali-Assamese (বাংলা-অসমীয়া লিপি)

The Bengali-Assamese script is derived from the Brahmi abugida and closely related to Devanagari, from which it began to diverge in the 11th century. Its current printed form first appeared in 1778, although some archaic letters were modernized kin the 19th century.

The alphabet has two literary styles: sadhubhaṣa (elegant language) and chôlitôbhasha (current language). The former is the traditional literary style based on Middle Bengali of the 16th century, while the latter is a 20th-century creation based on the language of educated people in Kolkata. The differences between the two styles are mainly in the forms of pronouns and verb conjugations.

Notable features

Script type: abugida

Writing direction: left-to-right in rows

Number of characters: 47 (36 consonants + 11 vowels)

Languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bishnupriya, Chakma, Chittagonian, Garo, Hajong, Khasi, Kokborok, Kurmali, Meitei, Mizo, Noakhali, Rabha, Rangpuri, Sanskrit, Santali, and Sylheti (18)

Consonants have an inherent vowel, but their pronunciation can be modified by adding vowel diacritics. The inherent vowel has two different pronunciations, depending on the position of the letter in the sentence and how closed the vowel is in the following syllable.

Vowels can be expressed by independent letters or diacritics that are written above, below, before, or after the consonant.

When consonants occur together in clusters, special conjunct letters are used.

Vowels

Consonants

Other symbols

Numerals

[chakmastudio]

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[thejawsdevour]

Kanak Chanpa Chakma (Bangladeshi/Chakma) - Festival Time (oil on canvas, 2005)

[starlynx]

Chakma (𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄞𑄌𑄴)

[amitchakma]

Amid the gloom about the international student market, the University of Western Australia’s new vice-chancellor, Amit Chakma, has a message of hope.

“I’m very optimistic that sooner or later we’re going to have a (COVID-19) vaccine in place,” Chakma says. “And this problem will come to a solution.”

Until that long-term goal is fulfilled, his mission will be to build his institution’s capacity as a capable and caring host.

“We are going to prepare ourselves for a good international involvement. It is in our interest to make sure that these students who come to our campuses receive the best possible education,” he says.

This is a lesson he brings from his role as an architect of the international education strategy in his adopted home, Canada, where he settled after leaving his native Bangladesh as a young man to train as a chemical engineer.

"I want to take the next couple of years to make sure that we create an environment (so that) when students come here they are really going to be taken care of."

Professor Amit Chakma

That means providing enough student residences. “I want to be able to say: ‘You don’t have to worry about finding accommodation.’ We’re not quite there yet.”

This is some of the “homework” he wants to complete before launching into an expansion of UWA’s cohort of international students, who accounted for 19 per cent of enrolments at the start of the year. Chakma also wants to boost domestic enrolments, which were up by 2 per cent at the start of the year after a slight downward trend during the past five years.

He also plans to orient UWA towards regional leadership — “if you draw a circle you capture Malaysia before you capture Sydney” — while still serving the state as the university’s founders directed.

Chakma, 61, was most recently the president of Ontario’s Western University for a decade. He is an unequivocal fan of Australia and of its pursuit of the international student market.

“Numbers don’t happen by accident,” he says. “Using those numbers and other means, Australian universities actually have become international.

“If you look at various research projects undertaken in Australian universities, you’ll find that very many of them are international in scope. If you look at Australian universities’ partnerships with other universities, they are way more robust than the UK or Canadian universities.”

He is also an admirer of Australian pragmatism, which underlies his view of research funding. He advocates recasting the discussions with government on this vexed topic. “Universities have to make the case about why research is important, and it is a struggle all the time in any jurisdiction.

“Rather than using the research ‘language’ as an approach to political leaders, what can we do to meet their needs, economic, social, governmental? If we started to speak that language (of) what can we do for our state, for our country, I think conversation becomes a lot easier,” Chakma says.

Funding is just as tough. “Nobody has found the right formula to fund universities: any time any jurisdiction tries to micromanage, the outcomes become unpredictable. Governments should establish a high-level policy framework. Public goals are very important. Then they should leave those in the hands of the (university) senates, the governing bodies, then good things will happen.”

Asked for a view on federal Education Minister Dan Tehan’s intervention to direct students to selected courses, he pleads a lack experience with the Australian system, where control resides with the commonwealth, unlike in Canada where it belongs to the provinces. “I’m quite a bit handicapped in offering any comments on whether the intervention will be effective or not,” he says.

[amitchakma]

Amit Chakma

Professor

Vice-Chancellor, Office of Vice-Chancellery

The University of Western Australia (M464), 35 Stirling Highway,

6009 Perth

Australia

Personal profile

Biography

Professor Amit Chakma is the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Western Australia. He has served as President and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Western Ontario from 2009-2019.  Prior to his tenure at Western, he served as Provost and Vice-President Academic at the University of Waterloo from 2001-2009.

In addition to his university leadership roles, Professor Chakma has served as Chair of the Council of the Association of Commonwealth Universities from 2017-2019. He was the Acting Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Asian University for Women from 2013-2015. He chaired Canada’s Advisory Panel on International Education Strategy from 2011-2013