Hello! Can you tell me how much MSA differs from the Arabic that is used in the Quran?
I wasn’t able to find some references but not enough resources to make a very detailed analysis but I’ll share with you what I know and found.
Classical Arabic is the Arabic that was spoken by the Arab tribes in Jahiliya (Pre-Islamic) and also after Islam and with time, this Classical Arabic has developed into the Modern Standard Arabic, which is the formal Arabic that is being used nowadays (mostly in writing).
This site shared an interesting explanation :
Quranic or Classical Arabic is based on the medieval dialects of Arab tribes. The sentence structure is the same as is used in the modern standard Arabic used today. The groupings, context and some of the words used are vastly different. There are some minor differences in grammar and punctuation of words between the Quranic and modern standard versions of Arabic.
Although I think that it would be better (and easier to understand) to speak about Quranic Arabic and Classical Arabic as separate things instead of speak of them interchangeably.
Even among Arabs who used the Classical Arabic, there used to be some tribal dialects and regional differences in the pronunciation and word choice (although unfortunately, the dialectal differences between the different tribes wasn’t well documented and preserved).
The Qur’anic Arabic which is the version of Arabic used in Holly Qur’an, is very eloquent and complex but it was still understandable for the people who lived in that era. The reason for this is, as mentioned here, “the Holly Quran was composed from the same words and languages that were used by the Arabs from the different tribes, but it was inimitable with its expressions and eloquent meanings.”
If someone wants to add or has any relevant information that will be interesting for us to know please do but be mindful that this is just a post about the language.