My theory on why Jaune knows so little about anything that has to do with being a huntsman:
I don’t think his father was the horrible person who always considered his son like much of the fan base seems to think he was. It doesn’t make sense as Jaune’s never said anything remotely negative about his father and it’s always indicated that he had a pretty happy family life (I mean as happy as you get when you’re the only brother in a family of ten. I think that would definitely be rough). I also noticed two interesting things: despite having such a famous linage only Jaune is the only one of his siblings who’s a huntsman, and he says that his father was not is a warrior. We also know that being a huntsman can be a pretty awful, depressing job with a high morality rate.
So I think his father went through some pretty awful things as a huntsman, saw his friends and teammates die, maybe even learned about Salem, and finally decided to retire and live a normal life. And he wanted the exact same for his kids, for them to live normal lives in as little danger as possible.
So when Jaune started dreaming of being a huntsman I think he tried everything possible to keep him from continuing it. Refusing to let him go to combat school, not regularly watching tournaments, and never training him or even unlocking his aura. Jaune always assumed it was because his father though he was too weak to do it, but reality he just wanted to keep his son safe.