#desexing

[fieriframes]

[Desexing.]

[securityunit-ese]

Just to pull it out on it’s own.

Desexing is complicated. Aggression is complicated.

Desexing dog does not make your dog more aggressive, although there are always outliers.

Desexing does not make your dog less aggressive, although there are always outliers.

Putting your dog through surgery during it’s teenage fear period at age 7-12 months carries a heightened risk but is still not a guaranteed result.

People who say that desexing (or not desexing) your dog will cause aggression are wrong.

The only thing desexing does that is guaranteed:

prevents reproduction

some organ-specific cancers because it’s not there anymore.

Everything else is variable and you’re making your best guess from the information relevant to your dog, it’s breed make up and your living situation.

Be confident in your choice to keep your dog intact or to neuter. You and your vets know best for your dog and you life, not random dog blogs.

[drferox]

Desexing birds and reptiles

Hi there! I was wondering if it’s possible/beneficial to desex a pet bird or reptile? My googling suggests that it’s not really done, and when I had a chameleon my vet never mentioned anything about it. Are they just too small, that the risk outweighs the benefit? Or is it just not necessary, since they’re less likely to accidentally breed? Thanks for your time!

It’s technically possible, as it the case for most species, but exotic pets are desexed far less frequently than dogs and cats for several reasons:

ease in preventing reproduction

small size of patient increasing anaesthetic risk

procedure not routinely done, so vet less familiar with it

cost of surgery vs cost of the pet

may not be detrimental for that species to remain entire

preference in some species to use reproductive implants instead.

As you were guessing in may species the risks are too high, and the benefits too small, to spay routinely. It’s usually only done to treat pathology in bids and reptiles.

Small mammals, on the other hand, like rabbits and guinea pigs are done more commonly, though cost is a major factor with those species.

[vet-and-wild]

Do you happen to know anything about the studies on risks of spay/neuter procedures on dogs and cats? I have seen many articles and i'm just wondering if you have any thoughts on it.

The short answer is, some of the studies are good, and some kind of suck but people quote them anyway. There are risks to spaying and neutering pets, but there are also a lot of benefits. Each species is also different. Risks and benefits for spaying a cat aren’t the same as neutering a dog. And don’t even get me started on exotics. What I have found incredibly interesting during my education is that we have talked A LOT about desexing–in theriogenology (repro medicine), oncology, surgery, and nutrition, and every single one had a different opinion on when/if animals should be desexed. So it’s all about weighing the pros and cons.

**These are statistics based on my theriogenology notes, which come from a boarded theriogenologist and their own research**

Female cats

Pros: Population control. Spaying also reduces the risk of mammary cancer, which is the 3rd most common tumor in cats (incidence 2.5%). The incidence is even more reduced when you spay before the first heat, as each heat cycle increases incidence. In cats, more than 90% of mammary tumors are malignant adenocarcinomas. You’re also reducing the incidence of uterine tumors, ovarian tumors, and pyometra. Cons: Surgical complications. Also, increased incidence of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD), obesity, and diabetes (incidence 0.6% for FLUTD, 0.5% for DM).For me, this is an easy one: you are greatly reducing the risk of a highly malignant cancer, and increasing the risk of manageable conditions. The pros greatly outweigh the cons.

Male cats

Pros: Population control. Normal tom breeding behavior is also quite aggressive, and not super pleasant to live with (biting, spraying). Very simple surgical procedure. Cons: Increased risk of obesity.Another easy one for me. Unwanted cat populations are out of control, and there are absolutely no significant risks that we know of associated with castrating a male cat. Obesity can be controlled with diet and exercise. So there’s no reason not to neuter a male cat. It’s also an incredibly easy and fast surgery. Honestly, it’s barely a surgery.

Female dogs

Pros: Population control. Like cats, the incidence of mammary cancer in dogs increases significantly with every heat. Mammary cancer is the most common tumor of the female dog (incidence 3.4%). It is less malignant than in cats (~51% are malignant), but metastases are found more often than not in those cases, especially in the lungs. You also reduce the incidence of uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, and pyometra (incidence 15% by age 4, 23-24% by age 10). Mortality for pyometras ranges from 0-17%Cons: Complications of surgery. This next part is where a lot of the anti spay/neuter articles get their facts from: there seems to be an increased incidence of transitional cell carcinoma, hemangiosarcoma, lymphoma, osteosarcomas, and cutaneous mast cell tumors. There can be some serious mortality associated with these cancers, and this is a lot of the fuel for the anti-spay crowd. Here’s the thing though: the incidence is still quite low, and some of the studies that reported this were meh. Study sizes that were small, or breed focused, or just not reported well. That being said, those are deadly diseases, and there does seem to be some correlation between spaying and an increased incidence of these cancers that we don’t understand. So while it shouldn’t be brushed off, simplifying it to “spaying causes cancer” isn’t right either. Spaying is also associated with an increased incidence of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries, hip dysplasia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI), and possibly reactivity in one breed (I think Springers but I’m not 100% sure). From the nutrition perspective, an animal’s metabolic needs are ~halved when they are spayed/neutered. This is true for both cats and dogs, males and females. There are concerns associated with cutting down the metabolic needs of a growing animal. The reason I’m specifically bringing this up with dogs is because we have dog breeds that grow to over 100, even 150lbs in 1-1.5 years. This is where things get a little muddier. You have an increased (though still low) incidence of deadly diseases if you do spay, but an increased incidence of a common and still sometimes deadly disease if you don’t spay. There are other curable morbidities associated with spaying as well, and certain breeds will be at even higher risk (CCL injuries and hip dysplasia). A lot more recommendations are coming out now to wait until skeletal maturity to spay or neuter a dog. If you are going to keep your female intact, keeping up on regular vet visits is important, as is watching for any lumps/bumps in the mammary chain and treating them as malignant until you can prove otherwise. And of course, understanding the canine reproductive cycle. In one study, 57% of people that owned an intact bitch had no idea that they cycled twice per year, and 56% of litters were unplanned. If your dog is going to remain intact, you need to be prepared to manage her to prevent unwanted litters. You have to be able to prevent intact dogs from getting to her when she’s in heat (and understand what “in heat” looks like). If you can’t do that, spay your dog.

Male dogs

 Pros: Population control. Males are able theoretically able to reproduce with many females every year, whereas females are limited to twice yearly (or once yearly for some breeds), so there is potentially an increased benefit for population control in castrating male dogs. Decreased incidence of testicular neoplasia and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). BPH is extremely common, with an incidence of 75-80% in male dogs over age 6. Castration is considered curative. Mortality is very low for this disease. There have been some reports of increased lifepsan in neutered dogs, but it’s unclear if this is because neutering reduced “risky” behaviors associated with intact males like roaming, or because owners that neuter are often “invested” in their pets.Cons: Complications of surgery.  Once again, we see an increased risk of some pretty nasty cancers. Prostatic neoplasia, transitional cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, hemagiosarcoma, and lymphoma. Again, those cancers are low incidence, but high mortality. When we have a neutered male dog with prostate disease, it is most likely prostatic neoplasia, whereas with intact male dogs it tends to be more likely BPH or prostatitis. We also see the same increase in CCL injuries and hip dysplasia that we see with females. Also muddier than cats, so you really need to take the individual into consideration. Can you keep your male dog contained? Male dogs have been known to climb fences to get to females in heat. Is this a breed that is already predisposed to CCL injuries or osteosarcoma? It’s worth noting that it is a myth that neutering makes a dog less aggressive. Neutering won’t fundamentally change a dog’s personality. Dog bite statistics tell us that intact male dogs are more likely to bite. This isn’t necessarily because intact dogs are “meaner”. What is more likely happening is that irresponsible owners are more likely to own an intact dog, because they don’t want to bother with neutering them. This does NOT mean that people that own intact dogs are automatically bad owners, but that statistically, bad owners are less likely to neuter their dogs (or provide vet care, or proper containment, etc). Intact dogs are also more likely to roam. It is that combination (lack of responsibility, inc likelihood to roam) that most likely makes intact males appear more often in bite statistics.

This is also all about pet cats and dogs. Unowned populations are managed differently. Medically, cats and dogs can be desexed safely as early as 6-7 weeks. One study showed that compliance with a spay neuter contract from shelters was less than 60%, and that most owners had no idea when their animal was in heat, or how often they came into heat. Most litters (56% for dogs, 68% for cats) were unplanned. When a shelter animal has puppies/kittens, those animals replace her in the shelter population, which directly goes against the shelter goal to reduce overpopulation. Those cute little puppies and kittens are also far more likely to be adopted than an older, mature animal. Shelter pets should definitely be desexed before adoption.

[clover-and-lace-farm]

Desexing Male Dogs

So I'm watching Bondi Vet, and this lady's boyfriend doesn't want to neuter their obnoxious bulldog because it'll "immasculate" him. An "alternative" is neutering him and replacing his testes with silicone testicle implants (they actually make these 😲). Which is fine and dandy, but dogs have no concept of masculinity. That's a social construct. Despite the documented benefits of desexing, some people don't neuter simply because they don't want to immasculate their dog or cat. Don't do that.

[ask-a-vetblr]

A question out of pure curiosity: a friend just adopted a very old dog (they think around 15 years old) who was removed from his previous home multiple times for neglect and bounced around fosters and shelters because, while being a a great dog and in decent health (for his age), he sure is old. At his most recent shelter (the one he was adopted from), he had some medical procedures done, including teeth extraction and neutering. Why would some place neuter such an old animal?

vet-and-wild here.

Desexing is standard for shelters. Part of a shelter's goal is to reduce pet overpopulation, which includes spaying and neutering so no unwanted litters can be born.

[ask-a-vetblr]

my cat got fixed a few weeks ago and his energy levels have skyrocketed and he went from all sleep all time to lots of high speed goofs. i thought it would be the other way around?

vet-and-wild here.

Honestly desexing really doesn’t actually have that much impact on overall energy levels. It impacts metabolic rate which is why desexed animals are more prone to obesity, but not really energy overall. So probably a coincidence or other external factor.

[ask-a-vetblr]

Is the best time to neuter male cats still generally agreed to be around 5-6 months? a family friend took in two pregnant mamas and has asked me to take in a couple kittens, and I agreed to take two boys. I live in a condo so I dont want my neighbors to be bothered by tom smell, and I dont want them to get aggressive with each other by leaving them intact, but I also dont want to neuter early and harm them(both litters were born within three days of each other so both boys should be around the same developmentally)

vet-and-wild here.

The American Animal Hospital Association recommends "fix felines by five". Female cats can go into heat before 5 months but it's not super common, so if you spay/neuter by 5 months of age you're generally preventing heat cycles in females and development of undesirable reproductive behaviors in males. There don't appear to be the same downsides of early desexing as compared to dogs, at least not that has been studied yet. Pediatric desexing is often done in shelters and we aren't aware of significant long term health consequences, other than an increased risk of obesity since a spayed/neutered animal has a lower metabolic rate. Medically, desexing can be done as early as around 6 weeks (we generally go by weight at that young age), but most vets outside a shelter setting prefer not to do it that young.