#desflorestamento

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Panorama da cobertura vegetal na Pan Amazônia, 1985-2018

Natalia Calderón, membro da FAN (Fundación Amigos de la Naturaleza / Bolívia) e da RAISG (Rede Amazônica de Informação Socioambiental Georreferenciada) apresenta no vídeo acima (a partir de 32 minutos) alguns dados sobre a evolução da cobertura vegetal na Panamazônia entre 1985-2018. As estatísticas foram recolhidos da plataforma MapBiomas. Aqui vai um resumo da sua fala:

Região perdeu 69,2 milhões de hectares de bosque, diminuição de 84% para 76% da cobertura vegetal. A maior perda ocorreu no Brasil, evolução de 62,4 milhões de hectares%;

Em média a perda de cobertura florestal é de 2 milhões ha/ano. Com acentuada perda a partir de 2010;

Entre 1985-2018 Áreas Naturais Protegidas perderam 4% de sua área, enquanto Terras Indígenas perderam 3%.

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Long-term forest degradation surpasses deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon

Forest degradation is a ubiquitous form of human disturbance of the forest landscape. Activities such as selective logging and extraction fall short of total deforestation but lead to loss of biomass and/or fragmentation. On the basis of remote sensing data at 30-meter spatial resolution, Matricardi et al. analyzed the extent of forest degradation across the entire Brazilian Amazon over a ∼22-year period up to 2014. They found that the extent and rate of forest degradation was equal to or greater than deforestation, which has important implications for carbon, biodiversity, and energy balance. Science , this issue p. [1378][1] Although deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon are well known, the extent of the area affected by forest degradation is a notable data gap, with implications for conservation biology, carbon cycle science, and international policy. We generated a long-term spatially quantified assessment of forest degradation for the entire Brazilian Amazon from 1992 to 2014. We measured and mapped the full range of activities that degrade forests and evaluated the relationship with deforestation. From 1992 to 2014, the total area of degraded forest was 337,427 square kilometers (km2), compared with 308,311 km2 that were deforested. Forest degradation is a separate and increasing form of forest disturbance, and the area affected is now greater than that due to deforestation. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abb3021

Resumo

Although deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon are well known, the extent of the area affected by forest degradation is a notable data gap, with implications for conservation biology, carbon cycle science, and international policy. We generated a long-term spatially quantified assessment of forest degradation for the entire Brazilian Amazon from 1992 to 2014. We measured and mapped the full range of activities that degrade forests and evaluated the relationship with deforestation. From 1992 to 2014, the total area of degraded forest was 337,427 square kilometers (km2), compared with 308,311 km2 that were deforested. Forest degradation is a separate and increasing form of forest disturbance, and the area affected is now greater than that due to deforestation.

> Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli Matricardi, David Lewis Skole, Olívia Bueno Costa, Marcos Antonio Pedlowski, Jay Howard Samek, Eder Pereira Miguel ~ Science  11 Sep 2020: Vol. 369, Issue 6509

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Aplicativo para monitorar vegetação secundária

O IMAZON lançou ferramenta para acompanhar o crescimento da vegetação secundária em todos os municípios do Estado do Pará, entre 1986 e 2017. A aplicação FloreSer gera uma camada de dados com a idade da cobertura de floresta secundária sobre um mapa da região. Os dados também são dispostos em forma de gráfico, contrapondo área da vegetação em Km2 e seu tempo de desenvolvimento. A ferramenta permite verificar se a regeneração natural de área desmatadas ocorre sem impedimentos. Áreas recém desmatadas podem ser convertidas para pastagens ou permanecer degradadas. Justamente entre essa vegetação degradada pelo fogo, mais propensa a queimar em uma nova temporada de incêndios florestais, onde haverá a sucessão vegetal.

Para Novo Progresso em 2017 a maior parte da vegetação secundária tinha até cinco anos de crescimento, indicando aumento do desmate no período 2012-2016.

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Lawless land in no man’s land: The undesignated public forests in the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract

The Brazilian Amazon has 49.8 million hectares (Mha) of public forestlands not allocated by the federal or state governments to a specific tenure status: the so called undesignated public forests (UPF). Historically, these public forests have been vulnerable to land grabbers and land speculation. Here, we highlighted the imminent threat in UPF by quantifying their accumulated deforestation, all of which is illegal, for the period 1997–2018 and the potential illegal occupation. Based on the available government database, we found that 2.6 Mha of UPF had already been deforested by 2018 resulting in an emission of 1.2 billion tons of CO2 (Gt CO2). The accumulated deforestation was 5.4 times higher in federal UPF than in state UPF. Moreover, a total of 11.6 Mha of UPF have already been illegally registered as “private property” in the Brazilian Environmental Rural Registry (CAR), 70% of these areas located in state UPF. If legalized as private proprieties, the carbon emissions resulting from additional deforestation will be roughly between 1.2 and 3.0 Gt CO2. The seriousness and precariousness of protection of Brazilian Amazon UPF, the rapid conversion of forests outside these areas and increased flexibility in land policies — calls for the immediate designation of these areas to some form of conservation, as to avoid irreparable damage to the world’s largest rainforest.

> Claudia Azevedo-Ramos, Paulo Moutinho, Vera Laísa da S. Arruda, Marcelo C.C. Stabile, Ane Alencar, Isabel Castro, João Paulo Ribeiro ~ Land Use Policy, volume 99, December 2020. Download via IPAM

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How big beef and soya firms can stop deforestation

They don’t chop down Amazonian trees, but their suppliers do

The Economist, 13 de Junho de 2020 

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COVID-19 and Amazonia: Sustainable alternatives for an economic collapse

Abstract

The severity of the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak demand from countries to adopt extreme measurements of social isolation to stop the spread and flatten the curve of contamination. Although social isolation measures may have negative impacts on economy, historically it has been showed to be more effective in saving lives and less damaging to economy than not adopting these measurements during a viral pandemic. In Brazil, despite the positioning of the president against social isolation due to the consequent economic recession, the rapid spread of the virus has worried the governors of the Brazilian states, which are thus managing stringent social isolation measurements to avoid the advance of the virus. Since one of the main strategies to guarantee progress and economic growth in Brazil has been the exploitation of natural resources from the Amazonia biome, here we discuss the importance of this biome to Brazilian economy during the post-pandemic recession and highlights potential strategies to burst the economy without promoting Amazonia destruction. We show that, together with the REDD+ and the Amazon Fund, the Forest bonds represents good strategies to burst Brazilian economy in a sustainable way, showing that it is possible to improve the commodities without increasing Amazonia deforestation or the greenhouse gases emissions. Amazonia is a biome of global importance for the avoidance of another global crisis, which will occur if we reach the climatic tipping point of 1.5°C. Thus, governmental actions should go towards its preservation, not exploitation and depletion. The commitment of the government with environmental conservation is paramount so that these economic strategies have positive results, especially in a post-pandemic scenario, where the economy will be extremely weakened. The COVID-19 brings us a lesson regarding how our attitudes can impact the world, and what we can expect from a global crisis. Perhaps we can apply these lessons and focus on change our economy towards a sustainable direction to avoid another global crisis in the years to come.

> Luisa Diele-Viegas, Eder Pereira ~ Preprints. Publicação em 29 de abril de 2020

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Queimadas são apenas a ponta do iceberg na devastação da Amazônia - CartaCapital

Focos de calor destroem meios de sobrevivência de povos indígenas isolados, muitos dos quais ainda nem temos registros oficiais

Focos de calor destroem meios de sobrevivência de povos indígenas isolados, muitos dos quais ainda nem temos registros oficiais

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Equador, recordista em reflorestamento

Foram 640 mil árvores em um dia, feito registrado no Guiness

O Equador bateu um novo recorde de reflorestamento do Guinness, com o plantio de mais de 640.000 árvores em um único de maio.

Cerca de 44.000 pessoas, de 191 comunas, participaram do esforço, que cobriu quase 2.000 hectares de terreno. O evento ganhou o nome de Siembratón. Foram plantadas 216 espécies de árvores nativas.

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